孔隙介质包裹的充液管道结构中导波传播特性

研究孔隙介质包裹的充液管道中纵向导波传播特性,分析孔隙介质参数对频散曲线的影响。建立了孔隙介质包裹充液管道的结构模型,利用孔隙介质弹性波动理论,建立对应的频散方程,数值模拟计算得到该模型的频散曲线和时域波形,并分析了孔隙介质参数以及管壁厚度对频散曲线的影响。结果表明孔隙介质的渗透率对于导波频散的影响较小,孔隙度的改变对时域波形的位移幅度影响较大。同时,导波存在衰减,且衰减随孔隙度增大而增大。所得结论为埋地管道无损检测方面提供一定理论参考。      

流体-孔隙介质圆柱界面波传播特性

研究流体-孔隙介质圆柱界面波传播特性,分析孔隙介质孔隙率等参数对频散曲线的影响。理论上建立了无限大流体包裹孔隙介质圆柱界面波的模型,利用孔隙介质弹性波动理论,通过数值模拟计算得到流体-孔隙介质圆柱的频散曲线及时域波形,并分析了孔隙介质为开孔和闭孔状态下孔隙介质圆柱半径、孔隙率及渗透率对频散曲线的影响。结果表明,时域上斯通利波可以被明显区分开,孔隙介质圆柱半径的变化改变了圆柱尺度,孔隙率的变化改变了孔隙介质的纵、横波波速,因此对于斯通利波频散曲线的影响较大。而渗透率的变化既不改变圆柱的尺度也不改变孔隙层的纵、横波速度,因此对斯通利波频散曲线影响较小。      

被孔隙介质约束的弹性杆中的导波*

为了研究导波在被孔隙介质约束的弹性杆结构中的传播规律,分析孔隙参数对导波传播特性的影响,本文建立了无限大孔隙介质包裹圆柱体的理论模型,利用孔隙介质弹性波动理论,分析了导波的频散曲线,以及圆柱半径和孔隙参数对于导波传播特性的影响。结果表明,在该结构中传播的纵向导波存在频散特性。内部圆柱半径的改变影响波导结构,从而影响导波传播。外部孔隙介质的渗透率对于导波频散的影响较小,孔隙度的改变影响孔隙介质体波波速,从而影响导波频散曲线的截止频率。同时,导波存在较小的衰减,且衰减随孔隙度增大而增大。这些结果对于后续开展无限大介质包裹弹性杆结构的超声无损评价提供了一定的理论参考。     

曲线坐标系下孔隙介质圆柱纵向表面波的传播特性

为了研究孔隙介质圆柱纵向表面波的传播规律,分析其频散和衰减特性,在正交曲线坐标系下建立了表面波的频散方程,通过数值计算得到频散曲线,将纵向导波最低模态与表面波进行对比,并分析了曲率半径及孔隙参数对表面波频散和衰减的影响。结果表明,当频率足够大时,导波最低模态的频散曲线与表面波近似;在同一频率下,表面波的相速度随曲率半径的增大而增大,随孔隙度的增大而减小;表面波的衰减随孔隙度的增大而增大。研究结果为开展孔隙介质圆柱结构的超声无损评价提供了一定的理论参考。     

液态金属快堆主管道中超声导波传播特性研究

讨论了钠冷快堆(Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor,SFR)主管道的整体温度和内部液态金属钠流动速度的变化对管道导波传播特性的影响。推导了充液管道中导波频散方程的一般形式,并给出了管道内液态金属钠处于流动状态下的导波频散方程。采用数值计算方法获得了管内液态金属钠处于不同温度和不同流速时的导波纵向模式频散曲线和导波时域波形。结果表明,温度变化对基阶纵向模式的影响较小,但对高阶纵向模式的影响较大;液态钠流速增大会使导波频散曲线向高频轻微移动,但在实际检测中可以忽路管内液体流动速度的影响。通过对时域接收波形的模拟计算,进一步考察了液态金属钠的温度及流动速度变化对导波传播的影响,并通过对比不同模态的激发特点和不同频段的导波时域波形特点,结合导波频散曲线,给出了适用于SFR管道超声无损检测的导波模态和声源激发频段选择方案。      

无限长粘弹性圆柱管中轴对称波的传播模式和衰减

在Kelvin-Voigt线性粘弹性模型框架内研究了无限长粘弹性圆柱管中轴对称波的传播和衰减。通过一个复根搜索程序对频散方程的求解得到无量纲化相速度频散曲线和衰减曲线。比较了引入损耗因子后粘弹性圆柱管与弹性圆柱管中轴对称波传播的特性。给出了圆柱管的外内径之比、损耗因子和材料参数对相速度和衰减的影响。分析结果表明与弹性圆柱管相比粘弹性圆柱管中轴对称波的各阶传播模式均存在衰减,高阶传播模式并无严格意义的截止频率。损耗因子对第一阶传播模式的相速度影响很小,而对衰减的影响则比较大,穿孔率对波传播的相速度和衰减有相当大的影响。     

非均匀饱含黏性流体孔隙介质中声波传播及井孔声场分析

声波在饱含流体孔隙介质中的传播特性与流体的黏滞性及孔隙介质的非均匀性密切相关.本文在Biot理论基础上,考虑了孔隙流体的剪切应力及孔隙结构的非均匀性,采用含黏性流体孔隙介质中的波动理论,研究了孔隙介质中四种体波的频散和衰减特性,分析了慢横波对快纵波转换散射的影响,进一步推导了孔隙地层井孔中的模式波及其声场的解析解,研究了非均匀孔隙介质中井孔模式波和波列的特征.研究结果表明,含黏性流体孔隙介质中存在慢横波,慢横波的频散很强,其传播特征受到介质孔隙度、渗透率及孔隙流体黏度的影响.在非均匀孔隙介质中,与慢横波相关的剪切应力平衡过程不仅导致快纵波的频散和衰减,还会影响井孔伪瑞利波及斯通利波的传播特征.本文的工作完善了孔隙介质中声波传播的物理机制,为孔隙地层井孔声波的解释与应用提供了理论指导.     

小波时-频变换的高强钢丝弹性波传播模态分析

超声导波是近年来桥梁拉索无损检测研究的重要方法之一。针对弹性波在高强钢丝介质中传播的多模态频散问题,采用单点时域波形的小波时频变换进行混叠信号的模态识别分离。通过数值求解Pochhammer频率超越方程,计算得到0~1.5 MHz范围内纵向导波模态理论频散曲线;采用有限元模拟半波正弦脉冲激励导波在钢丝中传播过程,由小波时-频变换得到导波模态分布,并进行了不同腐蚀程度钢丝实验对比分析。结果表明,经小波时-频变换得到的第1、2、3阶纵向导波模态与理论值对应吻合,单点时域波形的小波时-频变换结果能够有效识别高强钢丝中的导波模态;钢丝在无腐蚀状态下,一阶纵向导波模态能量占比达57.74%,随腐蚀程度增加,能量更为集中到一阶纵波模态,二阶模态能量逐渐减小。     

含孔隙分层半空间中瑞利波的传播特性研究

为了研究含孔隙介质分层半空间中瑞利波的传播规律,分析孔隙介质参数对瑞利波频散曲线的影响,本文进行了数值模拟研究。采用传递矩阵算法,计算了含孔隙分层半空间中一定频率范围内瑞利波所有模式的频散及激发强度曲线,并与均匀弹性固体分层半空间情况作了类比分析,在含孔隙覆盖层的两层模型和含低速孔隙夹层的三层模型下,详细研究了孔隙度、渗透率、层厚度等参数对瑞利波各模式的影响,发现孔隙度及层厚度的变化对频散曲线影响较大,而渗透率的变化对频散曲线影响较小。      

基于Biot-喷射流统一模型Maxwell流体饱和孔隙介质中的弹性波

推广Biot-Tsiklauri声学模型的同时借鉴Dvorkin和Nur的工作,建立了具有任意孔径分布并顾及喷射流动机制的非牛顿流体饱和孔隙介质声学模型,研究了非牛顿流体(Maxwell流体)饱和孔隙介质中的弹性波的衰减和频散特性.着重讨论充孔隙Maxwell流体的非牛顿流效应对弹性波的频散和衰减的影响.研究表明,饱和流体的非牛顿流效应和喷射流动机制均是引起弹性波波频散和衰减的重要因素.依据非牛顿流体(Maxwell流体)饱和各向同性孔隙介质的Biot-喷射流声学模型,喷射流动只影响纵波的频散和衰减,而饱和流体的非牛顿流效应不仅影响纵波,而且还影响横波的频散和衰减.     

Effect of porous surface layer on wave propagation in elastic cylinder immersed in fluid

To study the damage to an elastic cylinder immersed in fluid, a model of an elastic cylinder wrapped with a porous medium immersed in fluid is designed. This structure can both identify the properties of guided waves in a more practical model and address the relationship between the cylinder damage degree and the surface and surrounding medium. The principal motivation is to perform a detailed quantitative analysis of the longitudinal mode and flexural mode in an elastic cylinder wrapped with a porous medium immersed in fluid. The frequency equations for the propagation of waves are derived each for a pervious surface and an impervious surface by employing Biot theory. The influences of the various parameters of the porous medium wrapping layer on the phase velocity and attenuation are discussed. The results show that the influences of porosity on the dispersion curves of guided waves are much more significant than those of thickness, whereas the phase velocity is independent of the static permeability. There is an apparent "mode switching" between the two low-order modes. The characteristics of attenuation are in good agreement with the results from the dispersion curves. This work can support future studies for optimizing the theory on detecting the damage to cylinder or pipeline.     

Interface wave propagation characteristics of liquid-immersed porous cylinder

This paper devotes to investigate the propagation characteristics of the interface wave on the liquid-immersed porous cylinder, and special emphasis is paid on the dependence of the dispersion relation on the porous media parameters. A model of liquid-immersed porous cylinder is established theoretically. Based on the elastic-dynamic theory of liquid-saturated porous solid and wave theory, the dispersion curves and transient response of open-pores and sealed-pores are simulated numerically, and their dependence on the cylinder radius and porous medium parameters are analyzed. The results show that the Stoneley-Scholte wave can be clearly distinguished with other waves in the time domain, and the Stoneley-Scholte wave dispersion relates intimately with the porosity of the porous medium and cylinder radius, whilst the permeability of the media has little effect on the dispersion property.     

Borehole guided waves in a non-Newtonian (Maxwell) fluid-saturated porous medium

<正>The property of acoustic guided waves generated in a fluid-filled borehole surrounded by a non-Newtonian (Maxwell) fluid-saturated porous formation with a permeable wall is investigated.The influence of non-Newtonian effects on acoustic guided waves such as Stoneley waves,pseudo-Rayleigh waves,flexural waves,and screw waves propagations in a fluid-filled borehole is demonstrated based on the generalized Biot-Tsiklauri model by calculating their velocity dispersion and attenuation coefficients.The corresponding acoustic waveforms illustrate their properties in time domain.The results are also compared with those based on generalized Biot's theory.The results show that the influence of non-Newtonian effect on acoustic guided wave,especially on the attenuation coefficient of guided wave propagation in borehole is noticeable.     

Propagation characteristics of guided waves in a liquid filled pipe embedded in a porous medium

A model of a liquid-filled pipe embedded in a porous medium is built to research its wave propagation characteristics,and to analyze the effect of the parameters of porous media on the dispersion.The dispersion equations are established on the basis of the elastic-dynamic theory of the liquid-saturated porous solid.The characteristic of dispersion and the time domain waveform in pipes of different thicknesses and with different porous-medium parameters are discussed theoretically and numerically.Results reveal that the porosity has little impact on dispersion,and the attenuation of guided wave increases with porosity,whilst the porosity influences the displacement amplitude of the time domain waveform.It is hard to detect the permeability variation of the media by the dispersion.The drawn conclusion can provide some theoretical instruction and guidance for the nondestructive testing of buried pipe.     

含少量气泡流体饱和孔隙介质中的弹性波

考虑孔隙流体中含有少量气泡,且气泡在声波作用下线性振动,研究声波在这种孔隙介质中的传播特性.本文先由流体质量守恒方程和孔隙度微分与流体压力微分的关系推导出了含有气泡形式的渗流连续性方程;在处理渗流连续性方程中的气体体积分数时间导数时,应用Commander气泡线性振动理论导出气体体积分数时间导数与流体压强时间导数的关系,进而得到了修正的Biot形式的渗流连续性方程;最后结合Biot动力学方程求得了含气泡形式的位移场方程,便可得到两类纵波及一类横波的声学特性.通过对快、慢纵波的频散、衰减及两类波引起的流体位移与固体位移关系的考察,发现少量气泡的存在对快纵波和慢纵波的传播特性影响较大.