相对论圆偏振激光与固体靶作用产生高次谐波

超短超强激光与固体靶表面等离子体相互作用可以通过高次谐波的方式产生从极紫外到软X射线波段的相干辐射，获得飞秒甚至阿秒量级的超短脉冲，可用于观测原子或分子中的电子运动等超快动力学过程.本文实验研究了相对论圆偏振飞秒激光与固体靶相互作用的高次谐波产生过程，实验结果表明，在较大入射角下，圆偏振激光也可以有效地产生高次谐波辐射.通过预脉冲控制靶表面的预等离子体密度标长，发现高次谐波的产生效率随密度标长的增加而单调下降.进一步通过二维粒子模拟程序，分析了激光的偏振以及预等离子体密度标长对高次谐波产生的影响，很好地解释了实验观测结果.     

100 TW激光与等离子体相互作用中质子背向发射的能谱测量

 用100 TW激光器产生的超短超强激光与5 μm薄膜Cu靶的进行打靶实验，测量了靶背法线方向产生质子的角分布和能谱。实验中采用辐射变色膜片HD810测量质子的角分布，用CR39和Thomson磁谱仪结合测量质子能量分布。测量结果表明：质子发射张角为10°左右，质子沿着靶背法线方向发射，在能量为570 keV处出现截断。通过测量质子能量分布验证了超短超强激光等离子体相互作用过程中靶背法线鞘层质子加速机制。     

5fs驱动激光脉冲的高次谐波选择性优化

研究了在紧聚焦实验条件下, 采用5 fs激光脉冲与氩气相互作用产生的高次谐波特性. 通过优化系统色散、气体靶气压与位置等参数, 观察到在60–73 eV波段范围内高次谐波光谱接近一个量级的增强. 进一步通过对单原子模型和传播方程的数值求解及模拟相位匹配实验参数下高次谐波的产生过程, 发现相位匹配在所观察到的实验现象中起着关键作用, 得到了理论上与实验规律一致的结果. 关键词： 极紫外激光 高次谐波 超快光谱     

靶源位置对强场高次谐波相位匹配的影响

为提高强激光场与惰性气体靶作用产生的孤立阿秒激光脉冲的能量，给出了一种实现高次谐波过程中最佳谐波相位匹配的定量实验方法。研究了气体靶源与高斯型驱动激光场聚焦点相对空间位置对谐波相位匹配及谐波产率的影响，得出了其最佳相位匹配位置始终位于驱动激光场聚焦点后3~5 mm，而在聚焦点之前的位置区域，严重的高次谐波相位失配导致谐波产率非常低。同时，在最佳相位匹配条件下，高次谐波场与驱动场具有相类似的空间强度分布特性，该结果印证了目前通常采用的高次谐波场为高斯光束的假设。     

超强激光驱动天线靶的太赫兹辐射物理特性研究

利用激光与等离子体相互作用产生超强太赫兹辐射的研究成为国内外研究的热点。基于Smith提出的线形天线辐射理论,对超强超短激光脉冲驱动天线靶产生太赫兹的辐射特性进行研究,建立了完备的辐射空间分布和频谱空间分布表达式。利用激光脉冲长度与天线长度的比值对辐射场分布的影响,讨论了固定天线长度时的最佳激光脉冲长度,以及固定激光条件时,天线长度对辐射场的频谱和空间分布的调制作用。理论分析结果表明,激光脉冲长度决定了辐射频率范围,激光脉冲长度与天线长度的比值决定了辐射场峰值的方向和频谱分布,为设计合理实验方案提供理论依据。     

激光入射角对靶面方向超热电子发射的影响

实验研究了超短超强激光脉冲与薄膜靶相互作用中产生的超热电子角分布随激光入射角的变化.在靶面方向观测到一束方向性很好的高能超热电子.该高能超热电子束的电子数目随着激光入射角的增大而增大.对结果的分析表明，表面准静态磁场是导致表面电子产生的主要原因. 关键词： 超热电子 表面准静态磁场 超强激光脉冲与等离子体相互作用     

一维多原子分子离子与超短激光场作用产生的高次谐波

从经典方程出发，采用克兰克-尼科尔森中心差分法对一维多原子分子离子与一维超短强激光场相互作用产生的高次谐波进行了数值模拟计算，发现激光场的初始相位对高次谐波辐射谱有明显影响；通过进一步研究，给出了初步解释。从而，可以通过调节适当的激光初始相位和选取适当的系统来改善高次谐波的相位匹配，产生清晰的高次谐波辐射谱。     

利用氩获得795 nm飞秒激光在静态气室中的高次谐波

报道了120 fs/795 nm的Ti∶sapphire飞秒激光在静态气体靶室中利用稀有气体氩作为非线性介质的高次谐波辐射，在静态靶室中获得高次谐波辐射，较常用的气体喷嘴具有结构简单，实验容易操作等优点，实验中在42 mJ和7. 5 mJ线偏振激光驱动下观察了谐波辐射谱随气压变化情况     

不同偏振态下的飞秒激光脉冲与铝靶相互作用中超热电子的产生

研究了P偏振、S偏振和圆(C)偏振态下亚相对论强度飞秒激光脉冲与铝靶相互作用时产生的超热电子的能谱和靶背向角分布，并对S偏振产生的超热电子的特殊角分布通过引入表面磁场的概念进行了定性解释. 关键词： 超短超强激光 等离子体 超热电子 表面磁场     

Gd靶激光等离子体6.7nm光源的实验研究

本文对Gd靶激光等离子体极紫外光源进行了实验研究, 在 6.7 nm附近获得了较强的辐射, 并研究了6.7 nm 附近光辐射随打靶激光功率密度变化的规律以及收集角度对极紫外辐射的影响. 同时, 对平面Gd靶激光等离子光源的离子碎屑角分布进行了测量, 发现从靶面的法线到沿着靶面平行方向上Gd离子数量依次减少. 进一步研究结果表明采用0.9 T外加磁场的条件下可取得较好的Gd 离子碎屑阻挡效果.     

High field physics and extreme nonlinear optics

Despite the fact that high order harmonic generation (HHG) aims at serving as a table-top light source for imaging applications with extremely high spatial resolution, a general lack of accurate conversion efficiency measurements exists in the field. Here, we present such a measurement for a HHG setup with a semi-infinite gas cell. By combining measurements with a calibrated photodiode sensitive in the extreme ultra-violet (XUV) and spatially resolved spectral measurements of HHG spectra, we are able to determine conversion efficiencies of the HHG process as well as brilliance values for individual harmonics. The method is explained in detail and applicable to any target geometry.     

正交偏振双色激光场作用下高次谐波的椭偏特性研究

通过数值求解二维含时薛定谔方程，理论研究了正交偏振双色激光场作用下H2+分子高次谐波发射和孤立阿秒脉冲的产生. 数值结果显示，改变激光场的强度比，可以调控高次谐波强度以及谐波椭偏率. 结果表明随着场强比的增加，y方向的谐波强度不断提高. 当场强比为1:2.5时，x方向和y方向分别仅有奇次谐波和偶次谐波产生，并且偶次谐波的强度比奇次谐波强度高2-3个数量级. 此时，奇次谐波的椭偏率最大可以达到0.3，偶次谐波的椭偏率接近于0. 此外，通过改变分子的准直角可以控制谐波的椭偏率，基于这一现象，利用椭圆偏振高次谐波的平台区合成了椭偏率为0.05的椭圆偏振阿秒脉冲链.     

红外激光场中共振结构原子对极紫外光脉冲的压缩效应

通过数值求解一维原子的含时薛定谔方程, 研究了具有共振结构的原子在双色场(红外激光(IR)+极紫外光(XUV)) 驱动下发射高次谐波的特征. 研究结果表明, 具有共振结构的原子所发射的高次谐波与无共振结构原子(简称为一般原子)发射的高次谐波有明显不同, 共振结构的原子除了在某一能量附近(原子的共振能量+电离能)高次谐波的强度有很大提高外, 它还对XUV光的响应较一般原子表现得更为敏感, 即使XUV光的强度较弱, 也能够明显提高XUV光脉冲中心频率附近的谐波强度, 更重要的是通过调节双色场的时间延迟, 能使输入的XUV光的脉宽得到明显的压缩, 通过时间-频率分析给出了发生这种现象的原因. 由此提出了通过滤波-连续反馈的方式可使XUV光的脉冲从200 as压缩至120 as左右.     

Modulation of multiphoton resonant high-order harmonic spectra driven by two frequency-comb fields

The frequency-comb structure in the extreme ultraviolet(XUV) and vacuum ultraviolet(VUV) regions can be realized by the high-order harmonic generation(HHG) process driven by frequency-comb fields, providing an alternative approach for the measurement of an unknown frequency in XUV or VUV. We consider the case of two driving frequency-comb fields with the same repetition frequency and the carrier frequencies of fundamental-and third-harmonics, respectively.The many-mode Floquet theorem(MMFT) is employed to provide a nonperturbative and exact treatment of the interaction between a quantum system and the frequency-comb laser fields. Multiphoton transition paths involving both fundamentaland third-harmonic photons are opened due to the coupling of the third-harmonic frequency-comb field. The multiphoton transition paths are superpositioned when the carrier-envelope-phase shifts(CEPs) fulfill the matching condition. And the interference of the multiphoton transition paths can be controlled by tuning the relative envelope delay between the fields.We find that the quasienergy structure, as well as the multiphoton resonant high-order harmonic generation(HHG) spectra,driven by the two frequency-comb fields can be coherently controlled via the interference of multiphoton transition paths.It is also found that the spectral intensities of the generated harmonics can be modulated, and the modulation behavior is harmonic-sensitive.     

Efficient output coupling of intracavity high-harmonic generation

We demonstrate a novel technique for coupling extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) harmonic radiation out of a femtosecond enhancement cavity. We use a small-period diffraction grating etched directly into the surface of a dielectric mirror. For the fundamental light, this element acts as a high reflector. For harmonic wavelengths, it acts as a diffraction grating, coupling XUV radiation out of the cavity. Using this method, we observed the third through twenty-first odd harmonics with a dramatic increase in usable power over previous results of high-harmonic generation at high repetition rates.     

Approach to extreme ultraviolet supercontinuum in a two-color laser field

In recent years, it has been shown that an intense few-cycle driving pulse combined with a weak control pulse could efficiently extend the harmonic spectrum in the generation of high-order harmonics (HHG). In this paper, we adjust the intensities of the driving and control pulse to generate broader extreme ultraviolet (XUV) supercontinuum. We find that in some special situation when the intensity of the control pulse equals to that of the driving pulse, a clean supercontinuum as long as 80 eV can be realized and a 53-as pulse can be straightforwardly obtained.     

Time-energy properties of an attosecond extreme ultra-violet pulse

The time-energy properties of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) are calculated for a linearly polarized 7-fs laser pulse with different carrier-envelope phases (CEPs). The quantum trajectory paths that contribute to an as (1 as=10-18 s) pulse in HHG are identified. The laser-duration dependence and the CEP dependence of HHG energy property are investigated. The study shows that an as extreme ultra-violet (XUV) pulse can be selected from HHG spectrum near cut-off energy with a bandpass optical filter. The theoretical prediction of the pulse duration is proportional to bandwidth. Analysis suggests that a measured narrowband as XUV pulse may consist of instantaneous shorter pulses each dependent on laser pulse duration, intensity, and CEP. These information can be used as references for producing, selecting, improving and manipulating (timing) as pulses.     

Low- and high-order harmonic generation inside an air filament

We report on the generation of third-order (TH) and high-order harmonics (HH) directly inside a self-guided femtosecond filament in air. By terminating the filament with a steep density gradient behind a pinhole placed at different distances from the geometric focus, the evolution of the generated radiation is tracked along the nonlinear interaction zone. Spectra are recorded in the visible (VIS), ultraviolet (UV) and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range under identical conditions. The VIS and UV spectral bandwidth undergoes significant broadening. The input pulse parameters are varied systematically to optimize the TH bandwidth. Recorded spectra show Fourier-limits below 5 fs pulse duration centered at 264 nm wavelength. We observe conversion to HH up to the 25th order and use the HH generation process as a nonlinear probe for the on-axis intensity evolution along the filament.     

Tunable spectral shift of high-order harmonic generation in atoms using a sinusoidally phase-modulated pulse

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) from an atom illuminated by a sinusoidally phase-modulated pulse is investigated by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The spectral shift that occurs in atomic HHG can be achieved easily using our laser pulse. It is shown that the photon energy of the generated harmonics is controllable within the range of 1 eV. The shift of the frequency peak position is rooted in the asymmetry of the rising and falling parts of the laser pulse. We also show that by varying the phase parameters in the frequency domain of the laser one can adjust and control the shift in atomic harmonic spectra.