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温度梯度场对电声脉冲法空间电荷测量波形的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
电力设备运行中的温升现象严重影响绝缘的使用寿命,因此高温下的空间电荷测量引起了许多学者的关注.但温度升高时,聚合物材料的声阻抗、Young模量、密度、声波在其中传播的速度、衰减特性均发生变化,因此无法准确测量出介质中的空间电荷特性.而对于温度梯度场下的绝缘介质(如电缆发热场)的空间电荷测量,温度的梯度分布对介质的声阻抗、弹性模量、密度、声速及声波衰减的影响将更为复杂.本文基于电声脉冲测量方法中声波的传播特性和温度对聚乙烯材料特性的影响,分析了温度梯度场对空间电荷测量结果的影响并进行了波形恢复. 相似文献
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提出了一种利用脉冲光声技术测量固体介质中声速的方法,建立了由YAG激光器和超声探测器组成的实验系统,脉冲激光在固体表面产生脉冲超声波,通过测量脉冲声波在固体内多次反射后的出射信号及固体的厚度,即可算出固体介质中的声速.对黄铜及铝的测量结果表明,这是一种准确性较高的固体介质中声速测量方法.该测量方法可作为综合设计性物理实... 相似文献
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建立了由YAG激光器和超声探测器组成的利用脉冲光声技术测量样品吸收系数的实验系统,通过对测量的光声信号的拟合,可以计算出样品的吸收系数.用染色的琼脂进行了实验验证,测量误差为-5.2%~4.8%. 相似文献
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本文运用电火花声源在一厅堂内对胶合板条和钢板网组成的顶棚以及胶合板贴在混凝土墙面上构成的反射板进行了声反射特性的实验研究。在测试人射和反射声脉冲而利用FFT计算声反射传递函数时,讨论了反射脉冲序列截取的长短对该材料反射传递函数的影响。文中还分析了有肋吸声结构声反射传递函数的变化。提供0°、30°、60°反射传递函数的比较。 相似文献
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微波热声成像技术具有非侵入式、高对比度、高分辨率和低成本等优点而日益受到重视, 基于以上特点该技术有望发展成为早期乳腺癌常规或者辅助筛查手段. 本文基于脉冲微波热声成像系统, 利用软件仿真和对装有饱和盐水的塑料管阵列进行三维热声成像, 对脉冲微波辐射场的空间分布进行了理论和实验研究, 其中: 塑料管阵列为直径3 mm, 间隔8 mm的9×9方形结构. 仿真和实验结果表明距离天线越远脉冲能量覆盖范围越大, 能被有效成像的塑料管数目越多; 塑料管阵列的热声成像结果为3.1 mm直径, 7.7 mm间距. 本文验证了微波热声成像技术对脉冲微波辐射场空间分布的成像能力, 对解决定量热声成像技术中微波场能量分布不均匀问题的研究具有重要意义. 相似文献
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本文介绍了用阶跃电压的快速下降沿作用在PVDF压电膜上而产生的单极性声脉冲。实验结果表明,声脉冲的波形和脉冲宽度取决于PVDF压电膜的厚度,阶跃电压的下降沿宽度,以及背衬材料和声传播媒质的形状等多个因素。该声脉冲发生器所产生的压力波脉冲的宽度约为50ns,不仅适用于固体中空间电荷的测量,也可以用于其他方面的应用,例如超声医学诊断,对材料的非破坏性的检测等。文章以该声脉冲发生器在压电压力波中的应用为例进行论述,并且所有测量结果都是通过压电压力波测试系统获得的。 相似文献
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为了研究二极管爆炸电子发射初始阶段阴极表面复杂的物理现象及规律, 建立了由场致电子发射阴极构成的一维平板真空二极管物理模型,通过自行编程数值求解泊松方程, 考虑了发射出的电子对阴极表面电场的非线性影响,自洽模拟得到了阴极表面电场随时间的变化情况. 模拟结果表明,爆炸电子发射初期,阴极表面电场随时间的增加而呈现出不断振荡的规律, 且振荡幅度越来越小,最终到达一个稳态的值,二极管两极板之间的外加电场越大, 阴极表面稳态电场的绝对值越大;电场增强系数越大,阴极表面稳态电场的绝对值越大. 在整个时间演变过程中,阴极表面的实际电场强度决定着阴极发射的电流密度大小, 反过来阴极发射的电流密度又会影响到阴极表面的电场. 相似文献
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Yueling Jiang 《中国物理 B》2022,31(5):54103-054103
In electron beam technology, one of the critical focuses of research and development efforts is on improving the measurement of electron beam parameters. The parameters are closely related to the generation, emission, operation environment, and role of the electron beam and the corresponding medium. In this study, a field calculation method is proposed, and the electric field intensity distribution on the electron beam's cross-section is analyzed. The characteristics of beam diffusion caused by the space charge effect are investigated in simulation, and the obtained data are compared with the experiment. The simulation demonstrated that the cross-sectional electric field distribution is primarily affected by the electron beam current, current density distribution, and electron beam propagation speed. 相似文献
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Using a spherical concentric capacitor as a microspike model, the electric field distribution in a polymer dielectric material
with shallow and deep electron traps is investigated. It is established that in the course of field emission from microspikes
on the electrode and space charge accumulation on the traps, the values of coefficient of electric overstresses depend on
temperature, injection barrier height, and trap concentration and depth in the polymer material. The behavior of this coefficient
is characterized as a function of the mean field strength.
Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 12, pp. 3–9, December, 2008. 相似文献
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热场致发射阴极所产生的强流电子束具有很强的空间电荷效应,为研究该效应对热场致发射过程中诺廷汉(Nottingham)效应的影响机理,在理论分析的基础上,用数值方法研究了不同逸出功和多个外加电场条件下考虑空间电荷效应对诺廷汉效应结果的影响,并与不考虑空间电荷效应时的情形进行了对比. 结果表明:空间电荷效应的强弱会显著影响到阴极表面的稳态电场,进而对诺廷汉效应产生不可忽略的影响;当逸出功在3.0–4.52 eV、外加电场在3×109–9×109 V/m范围内时,考虑空间电荷效应的影响后,热场致发射电子所带走的平均能量较不考虑空间电荷效应时增加0–2.5 eV,且温度越高或外加电场越大时,该增加值越大;考虑空间电荷效应对诺廷汉效应的影响后,热场致发射电子从阴极带走的平均能量随外加电场的增加呈非线性下降规律;当阴极表面温度较高时,诺廷汉效应中的冷却效应随二极管间隙距离的变大而增强.关键词:热场致发射诺廷汉效应空间电荷效应阴极表面电场 相似文献
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Time-of-flight (ToF) transient current method is an important technique to study the transport characteristics of semiconductors. Here, both the direct current (DC) and pulsed bias ToF transient current method are employed to investigate the transport properties and electric field distribution inside the MAPbI$_{3}$ single crystal detector. Owing to the almost homogeneous electric field built inside the detector during pulsed bias ToF measurement, the free hole mobility can be directly calculated to be about 22 cm$^{2}cdot$V$^{-1}cdot$s$^{-1}$, and the hole lifetime is around 6.5 μs-17.5 μs. Hence, the mobility-lifetime product can be derived to be $1.4times 10^{-4}$ cm$^{2}cdot$V$^{-1}$-$3.9times 10^{-4}$ cm$^{2}cdot$V$^{-1}$. The transit time measured under the DC bias deviates with increasing voltage compared with that under the pulsed bias, which arises mainly from the inhomogeneous electric field distribution inside the perovskite. The positive space charge density can then be deduced to increase from 3.1$times10^{10}$ cm$^{-3}$ to 6.89$times 10^{10}$ cm$^{-3}$ in a bias range of 50 V-150 V. The ToF measurement can provide us with a facile way to accurately measure the transport properties of the perovskite single crystals, and is also helpful in obtaining a rough picture of the internal electric field distribution. 相似文献
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The field emission (FE) characteristics of nano-structrued carbon films (NSCFs) are investigated. The saturation behaviour of the field emission current density found at high electric field E cannot be reasonably explained by the traditional Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) theory. A three-region E model and the curve-fitting method are utilized for discussing the FE characteristics of NSCFs. In the low, high, and middle E regions, the FE mechanism is reasonably explained by a modified F-N model, a corrected space-charge-limited-current (SCLC) model and the joint model of F-N and SCLC mechanism, respectively. Moreover, the measured FE data accord well with the results from our corrected theoretical model. 相似文献
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The field emission(FE) characteristics of nano-structured carbon films(NSCFs) are investigated.The saturation behaviour of the field emission current density found at high electric field E cannot be reasonably explained by the traditional Fowler-Nordheim(F-N) theory.A three-region E model and the curve-fitting method are utilized for discussing the FE characteristics of NSCFs.In the low,high,and middle E regions,the FE mechanism is reasonably explained by a modified F-N model,a corrected space-charge-limited-current(SCLC) model and the joint model of F-N and SCLC mechanism,respectively.Moreover,the measured FE data accord well with the results from our corrected theoretical model. 相似文献
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建筑物对不同体制电磁脉冲时域响应数值分析 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
针对一般建筑物内空间电场强度时域变化特点,采用时域有限差分方法,数值模拟单极性高斯脉冲、双极性微分高斯脉冲以及窄带调制方波脉冲平面波在建筑物内传播、反射及透射过程;并对比分析不同脉冲参数对空间场强最大值及分布的影响。在一定脉冲宽度的微分高斯脉冲激励下,建筑物空间内最大场强变化范围值较高,为3.0~5.5 dB,其空间场强增强分布区域较大,并随脉宽增加而减小,但脉冲的最小重复频率相对要求最高。相应脉宽的高斯脉冲造成空间最大场强及分布区域范围最小,而脉冲的最小重复频率所需最低。当载频为房间谐振频率的窄带脉冲入射下,空间最大场强变化范围值相对最高,空间场强增强区域总体趋势随脉冲载频频率单调增加。 相似文献
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A charged sheath between a multi‐component plasma and an absorbing and conducting wall was considered analytically in the framework of a hydrodynamic model. The model accounted for the inertia and pressures of all the plasma components and both wall polarities. An existence criterion for the steady sheath with a monotonous distribution of the electric potential was derived based on analysis of the Sagdeev potential. The model was applied to some special cases of two‐and three‐component plasmas such as a plasma with macroparticles, and electro‐positive and ‐negative plasmas. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献