M元混沌扩频多通道Pattern时延差编码水声通信

Pattern时延差编码水声通信体制利用信息码元的时延值调制信息,他的抗多途扩展干扰能力与码型种类及码型脉宽有关.扩频通信可获得扩频增益,可胜任远程水声通信,但其通信速率低是使用受限的重要原因.提出将扩频通信与Pattern时延差编码水声通信体制相结合,并采用M元扩频、多通道工作方式,构成一种新的适用于水声环境的通信方案,既可获得扩频通信的优良性能,又可提高通信速率.湖试结果验证了本文提出的M元混沌扩频多通道Pattern时延差编码水声通信方案的鲁棒性及可行性.     

Pattern时延差编码四信道水声通信技术研究

本文所研究的是基于Pattern时延差编码（PDS）体制下的水声通信技术.PDS水声编码体制利用Pattern码片出现在码元窗的时延差值进行时延编码,通过码元分割,有效的降低了水声信道的多途干扰;通过频率分割划分四个通信信道,增加通信速率至1000bit/s.在接收端利用带通滤波器来实现通信信道分割,每个信道再应用拷贝相关器实现码元分割并估计出时延差值,完成译码.仿真实验表明,该系统适合于大量不同水声信道高可靠性工作,为水声通信网络化打下坚实基础.     

M元混沌扩频多通道Pattern时延差编码水声通信

Pattern时延差编码水声通信体制利用信息码元的时延值调制信息，他的抗多途扩展干扰能力与码型种类及码型脉宽有关. 扩频通信可获得扩频增益，可胜任远程水声通信，但其通信速率低是使用受限的重要原因. 提出将扩频通信与Pattern时延差编码水声通信体制相结合，并采用M元扩频、多通道工作方式，构成一种新的适用于水声环境的通信方案，既可获得扩频通信的优良性能，又可提高通信速率. 湖试结果验证了本文提出的M元混沌扩频多通道Pattern时延差编码水声通信方案的鲁棒性及可行性.     

参量阵差分Pattern时延差编码冰下水声通信方法

为提高差分Pattern时延差编码水声通信方法的通信速率以及抗多途能力,使其能有效适用于冰下水声环境,提出了基于参量阵的差分Pattern时延差编码水声通信方法,推导了Pattern码的参量发射原理,分析了参量阵发射对该方法性能的影响,利用参量阵发射产生低频宽带窄指向性声柬,减少了声线触碰上下边界的次数,提高了系统抗多途的能力。冰下水域外场试验结果表明:本方法可有效抑制多途效应,同时低频宽带特性提高了系统通信速率。      

一种利用海豚叫声的仿生水声通信方法

针对水下通信隐蔽性的需求, 克服传统固定载波调制方式带来的声源暴露问题, 提出一种基于海豚叫声的仿生伪装水声通信方法, 使通信信号被当作海洋生物噪声排除, 达到隐蔽通信的效果. 研究了海豚叫声信号特点, 利用海豚哨声信号实现同步与识别, 采用差分脉冲位置调制方法, 信息调制在相邻海豚嘀嗒声信号的时间间隔, 采用压缩传感体制下的匹配追踪技术估计信道, 虚拟时反技术实现信道均衡. 湖试结果验证了该方法的有效性和可行性, 接收声信号与发射信号声音上具有很高的相似度, 可以达到伪装隐蔽的效果. 实验中水平距离2 km, 通信速率不小于29 bps时,误码率可以达到10^-4以下. 关键词： 水声通信 仿生 海豚 隐蔽     

点对点移动水声通信技术研究

点对点移动水声通信是实现由活动和静止节点共同构成的水声数据通信网的关键技术之一. 对移动水声通信声信道特性进行了分析,指出不同途径到达的声线对应的多普勒频偏不一致,进一步加大了多途扩展产生的码间干扰的复杂性,不利于水声通信. 提出单阵元被动式相位共轭镜信道均衡技术,可实时自动补偿多普勒频偏,并聚焦多途信号. 将单阵元被动式相位共轭应用于Pattern时延差编码移动水声通信系统,进行了移动水声通信试验,湖试结果验证了其消除码间干扰性能及本文水声通信系统的鲁棒性. 关键词： 移动水声通信 被动式相位共轭镜 时变信道 码间干扰     

无源时间反转镜在水声通信中的应用

提出单阵元无源时间反转镜(PTRM),在对声信道没有任何先验知识的情况下可与信道自动匹配,实现自适应聚焦。并将其应用于Pattern时延差编码(PDS)水声通信体制,构成无源时间反转镜Pattern时延差编码水声通信系统(PTRM- PDS)。通过计算机仿真研究及湖试,验证了PTRM-PDS系统能够抑制声信道多途扩展产生的码间干扰,可在时变、空变的声信道中实现低误码率通信,具有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于水声信道传播时延排序的分层空时信号检测

基于分层空时编码的多输入多输出技术是一种极具潜力的高速水声通信技术, 但要实现这种潜力需要复杂的空时信号处理方法, 以抵消来自水声信道的多径干扰和异步到达干扰, 以及叠加在接收端的各层信号之间的干扰. 对低复杂度的空时信号处理方案进行了研究, 提出了一种基于子信道传播时延排序的有序连续干扰抵消信号检测算法, 利用子信道间的传播时延差, 实现可使差错概率最小的最佳检测排序; 给出了利用信道估计, 以极低的计算量确定排序的方法, 从而可以大幅降低信号检测的计算复杂度. 采用低复杂度的单载波频域均衡来抵消水声信道中的码间干扰和异步到达干扰. 仿真结果表明, 基于时延排序的信号处理算法可以获得检测性能的改善, 而且性能增益在高数据率时更加显著. 研究结果表明, 采用有效的信号处理方法可使水声信道中造成信号检测干扰的传播时延成为改善系统性能的有利因素.     

伪装水声通信信号波形设计及其应用

提出伪装水声通信信号波形设计方法,将伪随机信号作为扩频数字水印与原始海豚whistles信号的复对数谱叠加,实现数字水印的嵌入;分别采用PEAQ算法与相关系数计算听觉与波形相似度,作为两种伪装效果的评价方法。提出匹配滤波与正交匹配追踪结合的自同步算法,使通信信号帧结构的设计保持原始whistles叫声的模式,提高了伪装效果。计算机仿真与海上试验验证了伪装通信方法的有效性:设计的通信信号与原始whistles信号相比,PEAQ打分结果均大于-0.5,相关系数值均大于0.98,达到了伪装的效果;试验中通信距离为5 km,单阵元接收的误码率小于10-3,32元阵接收的误码率为0且通过垂直阵虚拟时间反转均衡技术提高了通信系统的稳健性。      

M元码元移位键控扩频水声通信

针对传统直接序列扩频、M元扩频和码元移位键控扩频水声通信速率低的问题,基于小Kasami序列优良的自相关和互相关特性,提出了M元扩频和码元移位键控扩频两者相结合的水声扩频通信新方法.不仅利用了不同的序列信息,还利用了相同序列的扩频码相位信息.对于自相关和互相关函数在加性高斯白噪声和衰落信道下对M元码元移位键控扩频这种水声通信方法的影响进行了分析,并分别在两种信道下对其性能进行仿真,仿真结果表明在同等通信速率下M元码元移位键控扩频的抗噪声能力要高于直接序列扩频、M元扩频和码元移位键控扩频.在水池对M元扩频、码元移位键控扩频和M元码元移位键控这三种情况进行了比较性实验.在10~4比特的数据量下,实现了253.6 bps通信速率的M元码元移位键控无误码传输.     

Experimental demonstration of underwater acoustic communication using bionic signals

This paper applies dolphin whistles to covert underwater acoustic (UWA) communication and proposes a UWA communication scheme based on M-ary bionic signal coding. At the transmitter end, the scheme maps multiple information bits into a dolphin whistle through a signal selector. At the receiver end, passive time reversal mirror (PTRM) is used for channel equalization and source information is restored according to the decision of which whistle is transmitted. The scheme has high spread spectrum gain. The anti multi-path performance is greatly improved when using PTRM. Different from traditional covert UWA communication methods, this mimicked signal is unlikely to alert an adversary even in high SNRs because of its real existence in marine environment. A tank experiment is conducted for the scheme, at communication rate of 50 bit/s with SNR −5 dB user information is recovered at a very low bit error rate. The results of tank experiment demonstrate the feasibility of this covert UWA communication scheme.     

参量阵差分Pattern时延差编码冰下水声通信方法（英文）

In order to meet the demands of underwater acoustic communication in under ice environment,a differential Pattern time delay shift coding underwater acoustic communication method based on parametric array is introduced in this paper.The under ice underwater acoustic channel is characterized by heavy multipath transmission.Under this model,a parametric array emission method of Pattern signal is derived and the system performance is analyzed.A broadband low frequency sound waves with narrow beam-pattern,which will reduce the interface reflections and suppress the effects of multipath transmission,can be obtained by the emission method.The Songhua River under ice trial results show that there is an anti-multipath property and a higher data rate in the under-ice acoustic channel in proposed approach.     

印太瓶鼻海豚(Tursiops aduncus)通讯声信号分类及特征参数的环境差异性分析

通过长期记录室内水池环境下两只印太瓶鼻海豚通讯信号,并与海湾自然环境下同样的两只海豚所发出的通讯信号进行比较分析,从信号类型、声谱特征等方面研究生活环境变化下瓶鼻海豚通讯信号的差异性。结果表明,生活环境的差异,会改变瓶鼻海豚通讯信号。海湾自然环境下,瓶鼻海豚通讯信号以正弦型信号为主;而室内水池环境下,上扫型信号比例明显增多,而正弦型信号减少。两种环境下,瓶鼻海豚通讯信号在持续时间、拐点数、起始频率、结束频率、最小频率、最大频率等存在显著性差异(p<0.05),但信号的频率变化量相近(p=0.29)。结果为提高海豚通讯信号认知和增强海豚生物行为研究提供一定的科学参考,同时也为仿生隐蔽通信提供技术支撑。      

Who is whistling? Localizing and identifying phonating dolphins in captivity

Acoustic communication through whistles is well developed in dolphins. However, little is known on how dolphins are using whistles because localizing the sound source is not an easy task. In the present study, the hyperbola method was used to localize the sound source using a two-hydrophone array. A combined visual and acoustic method was used to determine the identity of the whistling dolphin. In an aquarium in Mexico City where two adult bottlenose dolphins were housed we recorded 946 whistles during 22 days. We found that a dolphin was located along the calculated hyperbola for 72.9% of the whistles, but only for 60.3% of the whistles could we determine the identity of the whistling dolphin. However, sometimes it was possible to use other cues to identify the whistling dolphin. It could be the animal that performed a behavior named “observation” at the time whistling occurred or, when a whistle was only recorded on one channel, the whistling dolphin could be the animal located closest to the hydrophone that captured the whistle. Using these cues, 15.4% of the whistles were further ascribed to either dolphin to obtain an overall identification efficiency of 75.7%. Our results show that a very simple and inexpensive acoustic setup can lead to a reasonable number of identifications of the captive whistling dolphin: this is the first study to report such a high rate of whistles identified to the free swimming, captive dolphin that produced them. Therefore, we have a data set with which we can investigate how dolphins are using whistles. This method can be applied in other aquaria where a small number of dolphins is housed; though, the actual efficiency of this method will depend on how often dolphins spend time next to each other and on the reverberation conditions of the pool.