氯离子对银胶中表面增强喇曼散射效应的影响

讨论氯离子对银胶体系中对氨基苯甲酸(PABA)和吡啶(pyr)的表面增强喇曼散射(SERS)效应的影响。观察PABA在银胶中的SERS,氯离子的影响以及SERS强度-时间关系。发现氯离子的竞争吸附破坏PABA分子的类固相吸附并伴随着分子吸附状态的改变,从而导致SERS强度的减弱。研究PABA/银胶与pyr/银胶混合后添加氯离子的影响。同时观察氯离子对银胶中PABA和pyr光吸收的影响。发现氯离子对银胶中SERS的影响主要是化学增强。     

胆红素络合物的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

本文通过对近红外激发傅里叶变换拉曼光谱(NIR-FT-Raman)与表面增强拉曼散射(Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering,SERS)技术的联用,测得胆红素及其络合物Na     

胆红素络合物的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

本文通过对近红外激发傅里叶变换拉曼光谱(NIR-FT-Raman)与表面增强拉曼散射(Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering,SERS)技术的联用,测得胆红素及其络合物Na2BR,CaBR与CuBR在银溶胶中的SERS光谱.结果表明,这一类与胆结石密切相关的生物分子络合物具有不同的配位方式,且在银胶表面采取不同的吸附取向,并从配位化学角度初步解释了黑色结石的黑色成因.     

氯离子对银胶的宽波段光吸收光谱的影响

本文借助紫外-可见-近红外吸收光谱、透射电子显微镜技术,研究灰银胶中加入氯离子后此体系的宽波段吸收光谱的变化,旨在探索氯离子对纳米银颗粒表面特性的影响。实验结果表明,氯离子的加入会引起胶体中银颗粒的凝聚和银纳米颗粒的聚集体形态的变化,造成银颗粒的本征吸收光谱的"蓝移"和近红外区新吸收带的出现。最后我们初步分析了此现象产生的机制。     

ITO导电薄膜透明图案对比度增强方法

铟锡氧化物(Indium Tin Oxide,ITO)导电层是触控显示技术的绝对定位元件,为保障定位的灵敏性和准确性,需对导电层表面缺陷进行质量检测.本文针对导电层透明区域机器视觉自动检测存在的问题,提出了图案对比度增强的方法.该方法首先利用ITO材料的光谱属性及其表面光学特性,设计出用于ITO导电层检测的近红外同轴光照明,将图像对比度从零提高到4.5%.在通过光学方法实现了对比度从无到有的转变后,充分利用数字图像预处理的优势,结合基于小波变换的非线性增强方法,最终成功将对比度提高至16%,为后续ITO导电层缺陷的分析和识别提供了良好保障.     

银岛膜表面胸腺嘧啶吸附行为的表面增强拉曼光谱和表面增强红外光谱研究

利用激光刻蚀法制备了具有化学纯净表面的银岛膜,该岛膜有很好的表面增强特性。利用表面增强拉曼光谱和表面增强红外光谱对胸腺嘧啶分子在银岛膜表面的吸附状态进行了对比研究。表面增强拉曼光谱中CN和C—O伸缩振动模式的出现表明胸腺嘧啶分子由原来的酮式结构变成了烯醇式结构;C(4)O伸缩振动谱带明显增强和N(3)的去质子化异构体特征峰的存在证明胸腺嘧啶分子是通过O(8)和N(3)的共同作用倾斜地吸附在银岛膜表面。对10-5 mol.L-1胸腺嘧啶在银岛膜表面上的红外光谱利用欧米采样器进行了反射法测量,发现其红外吸收增强了200倍。红外信号分析的结果支持了胸腺嘧啶分子通过O(8)与银表面发生相互作用的论断,同时也可得出胸腺嘧啶倾斜地吸附在银岛膜表面的结论。     

(FD)~2TD计算金属表面场增强

本文首次利用依赖于频率的时域有限差分法(FD)2TD来计算隐失波激励下金属粒子表面的场增强。首先,利用(FD)2TD计算了三维球形银粒子的表面场增强,与国外文献[11]中用不同方法对此问题的计算结果进行了对比,结果较为相符,说明我们自己编写的(FD)2TD程序是可信的。然后,利用此程序计算了在全内反射条件下,处于介质板上纳米尺度边长的正三角形银粒子表面的场增强,给出了该正三角形银粒子三角端点存在场增强的所谓"热点"并给出了该处的场增强值随样品距离的变化曲线。     

SiO_2/Ag核壳结构纳米粒子的制备及其表面荧光增强

以罗丹明B掺杂的SiO2球为核,通过化学还原的方法制备了二氧化硅/银核壳结构复合纳米粒子。采用透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见-近红外(UV-Vis-NIR)分光光度计和荧光分光光度计对二氧化硅/银核壳结构纳米粒子的表面形貌、表面等离子共振和表面荧光增强特性进行了研究和表征。结果表明,二氧化硅/银核壳结构纳米粒子的表面等离子共振峰具有明显的可调谐性,且其表面荧光增强强烈依赖于银壳层的表面等离子共振,随银壳层厚度的增大而增强。     

基于表面等离激元谐振腔的窄谱增强传感器

表面等离激元是一种局域在金属和介质之间的电磁波,与金属表面自由电子的集体振荡有关,具有高度局域和近场增强的特性。为此,利用表面等离激元谐振腔对红外窄谱增强成像设备进行设计,单个纳米等离激元谐振腔由两片金属银层构成。模拟结果表明,该纳米等离激元谐振腔在红外波段起到窄谱吸收的作用,在纳米等离激元谐振腔中,吸收波段得到较大的电场增强,并且可以同时屏蔽不需要的波段。这种窄谱的CCD(Charge Coupled Device)有望应用在高分辨成像和日用红外CCD等领域,并且该设计展示出利用硅半导体CMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)平台制作波长约为800 nm的近红外CCD的商业应用价值。     

近红外光谱用于植物样品中水溶性氯离子含量的测定

基于离散小波变换(DWT)和最小二乘支持向量回归(LSSVR)方法,建立了近红外光谱测定植物样品中水溶性氯离子的回归校正模型。以烟草样品中水溶性氯离子含量的测定为研究对象,首先采用DWT对近红外光谱进行数据压缩和背景扣除,再用LSSVR建立氯离子的校正模型。结果表明,与偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)和传统的LSSVR方法相比,作者所建模型的预测准确性具有一定优势。     

Synergistic effect between 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcin and chloride ion on the corrosion of cold rolled steel in 1.0 M phosphoric acid

The synergistic inhibition between 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcin (PAR) and chloride ion on the corrosion of cold rolled steel in 1.0 M phosphoric acid was studied using weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization method. Results obtained revealed that single PAR is not an effective inhibitor for steel corrosion in phosphoric acid, but in the presence of chloride ion, PAR may act as a good inhibitor due to the synergism. It is found that the adsorption of PAR accords with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm in the absence and presence of chloride ion. Potentiodynamic polarization studies show that PAR is an anodic inhibitor for steel in 1.0 M phosphoric acid, and with addition of chloride ion PAR acts as a mixed type inhibitor. The experimental temperature ranges from 30 to 45 °C. The kinetic data such as apparent activation energies and pre-exponential factors at different concentrations of the inhibitor were calculated, and the effect of the apparent activation energies and pre-exponential factors on the corrosion rates of cold rolled steel was discussed. The inhibitive action was satisfactorily explained by using kinetic models.     

Ion-enhanced processes on a solid surface

The results of studies performed by the authors in the field of ion enhancement of various processes on the solid surface were generalized. The effect of ion irradiation on the kinetics of elementary processes during thin film formation was analyzed. Systematic features of ion enhancement of film formation on a metal and ionic crystal surface were studied. The effect of ion enhancement of epitaxy on the ionic crystal surface was revealed and the observed features were explained. An important role of inelastic ion-atom interactions in the effect of ion enhancement of surface processes was shown, and their features were investigated. It was found that the efficiency of ion enhancement on the ionic crystal surface under conditions of inelastic interactions can be increased by one or two orders of magnitude in comparison with the yield of elastic processes. Inelastic ion-atom interactions at low ion energies occur in selective energy ranges, nonmonotonically depend on the current density, and require a selective approach to the choice of the ion type and ion irradiation parameters.     

微波消解-原子吸收光谱法间接测定生物样品中的氯离子

微波消解样品,在中性介质中加入硝酸银,氯离子与银离子生成氯化银沉淀,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定溶液中剩余银的量,间接测出氯离子浓度。方法检出限为2.0μg/mL,回收率为96.0%—106.6%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.32%—2.72%。该方法具有良好的准确度和精密度。方法简便、快速,是测定生物样品中氯离子比较好的方法。     

Molecular dynamics investigation into the electric charge effect on the operation of ion-based carbon nanotube oscillators

The fabrication of nanoscale oscillators working in the gigahertz (GHz) range and beyond has now become the focal center of interest to many researchers. Motivated by this issue, this paper proposes a new type of nano-oscillators with enhanced operating frequency in which both the inner core and outer shell are electrically charged. To this end, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to investigate the mechanical oscillatory behavior of ions, and in particular chloride ion, tunneling through electrically charged carbon nanotubes (CNTs). It is assumed that the electric charges with similar sign and magnitude are evenly distributed on two ends of nanotube. The interatomic interactions between carbon atoms and van der Waals (vdW) interactions between ion and nanotube are respectively modeled by Tersoff-Brenner and Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential functions, whereas the electrostatic interactions between ion and electric charges are modeled by Coulomb potential function. A comprehensive study is conducted to get an insight into the effects of different parameters such as sign and magnitude of electric charges, nanotube radius, nanotube length and initial conditions (initial separation distance and velocity) on the oscillatory behavior of chloride ion-charged CNT oscillators. It is shown that, the chloride ion frequency inside negatively charged CNTs is lower than that inside positively charged ones with the same magnitude of electric charge, while it is higher than that inside uncharged CNTs. It is further observed that, higher frequencies are generated at higher magnitudes of electric charges distributed on the nanotube.     

Mechanism of relaxation enhancement of spin labels in membranes by paramagnetic ion salts: dependence on 3d and 4f ions and on the anions

Progressive saturation EPR measurements and EPR linewidth determinations have been performed on spin-labeled lipids in fluid phospholipid bilayer membranes to elucidate the mechanisms of relaxation enhancement by different paramagnetic ion salts. Such paramagnetic relaxation agents are widely used for structural EPR studies in biological systems, particularly with membranes. Metal ions of the 3d and 4f series were used as their chloride, sulfate, and perchlorate salts. For a given anion, the efficiency of relaxation enhancement is in the order Mn(2+) > or = Cu(2+) > Ni(2+) > Co(2+) approximately Dy(3+). A pronounced dependence of the paramagnetic relaxation enhancement on the anion is found in the order ClO(-)(4) > Cl(-) > SO(2-)(4). This is in the order of the octanol partition coefficients multiplied by spin exchange rate constants that were determined for the different paramagnetic salts in methanol. Detailed studies coupled with theoretical estimates reveal that, for the chlorides and perchlorates of Ni(2+) (and Co(2+)), the relaxation enhancements are dominated by Heisenberg spin exchange interactions with paramagnetic ions dissolved in fluid membranes. The dependence on membrane composition of the relaxation enhancement by intramembrane Heisenberg exchange indicates that the diffusion of the ions within the membrane takes place via water-filled defects. For the corresponding Cu(2+) salts, additional relaxation enhancements arise from dipolar interactions with ions within the membrane. For the case of Mn(2+) salts, static dipolar interactions with paramagnetic ions in the aqueous phase also make a further appreciable contribution to the spin-label relaxation enhancement. On this basis, different paramagnetic agents may be chosen to optimize sensitivity to different structurally correlated interactions. These results therefore will aid further spin-label EPR studies in structural biology.     

Synergistic effect between 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcin and chloride ion on the corrosion of cold rolled steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid

The corrosion inhibition of 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAR) on the corrosion of cold rolled steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) was studied using weight loss method and potentiodynamic polarization method. Results obtained revealed that together with chloride ion, PAR is an effective corrosion inhibitor for steel corrosion in sulfuric acid. It was found that for steel corrosion inhibition in the presence of single PAR in sulfuric acid the Temkin adsorption isotherm may be used to explain the adsorption phenomenon. For the mixture of PAR and NaCl used as corrosion inhibitor, however, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm can be used to satisfactorily elucidate the adsorption of mixture of PAR and NaCl. Potentiodynamic polarization studies showed that single PAR mainly acts as a cathodic inhibitor for the corrosion of steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid. The mixture of PAR and chloride ion, however, acts as a mixed type inhibitor that mainly inhibits cathodic reaction of the steel corrosion in sulfuric acid. By means of electrochemical polarization tests, a desorption potential at ca. −370 mV was observed for the adsorption of mixture of PAR and chloride ion, when potential reaches this value, adsorbed inhibitor molecule heavily departs from the steel surface. For the mixture of PAR and chloride ion, thermodynamic parameters such as adsorption heat, adsorption entropy and adsorption free energy were obtained from experimental data of the temperature studies of the inhibition process at four temperatures ranging from 30 to 45 °C, the kinetic data such as apparent activation energies and pre-exponential factors at different concentrations of the inhibitor were calculated, and the effect of the apparent activation energies and pre-exponential factors on the corrosion rates of cold rolled steel was discussed. The most suitable range of inhibitor concentration was discussed. The inhibitive action was satisfactorily explained by using both thermodynamic and kinetic models. Synergism between chloride ion and PAR was proposed. The results obtained from weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization were in good agreement.     

Functionality of novel black silicon based nanostructured surfaces studied by TOF SIMS

A functionality of the novel black silicon based nanostructured surfaces (BS 2) with different metal surface modifications was tested by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF SIMS). Mainly two surface functions were studied: analytical signal enhancement and analyte pre-ionization effect in SIMS due to nanostructure type and the assistance of the noble metal surface coating (Ag or Au) for secondary ion formation. As a testing analyte a Rhodamine 6G was applied. Bi⁺ has been used as SIMS primary ions. It was found out that SIMS signal enhancement of the analyte significantly depends on Ag layer thickness and measured ion mode (negative, positive). The best SIMS signal enhancement was obtained at BS2 surface coated with 400 nm of Ag layer. SIMS fragmentation schemes were developed for a model analyte deposited onto a silver and gold surface. Significant differences in pre-ionization effects can play an important role in the SIMS analysis due to identification and spectra interpretation.     

Treatment of dye wastewater by using photo-catalytic oxidation with sonication

The degradation of Acid Orange 52 in aqueous solutions was investigated by using three processes (photocatalysis, sonolysis, and photocatalysis with sonication). In the case of photocatalysis, although the concentration of Acid Orange 52 decreased to 35% in 480 min, the color of the solution was not disappeared. In the case of sonolysis, it was decomposed completely in 300 min, but the total organic carbon concentration decreased down by only about 13% in 480 min. In the case of photocatalysis with sonication, the concentration of Acid Orange 52 reached to 0 in 240 min and the total organic carbon concentration decreased by about 87% in 480 min. These results indicate that the ultrasonic irradiation enhanced the photocatalytic degradation. The addition of chloride ion (50 ppm) into Acid Orange 52 solution decreased the decomposition efficiency for photocatalysis. In the cases of sonolysis and photocatalysis with sonication, the decomposition efficiency did not change significantly by the addition of chloride ion. These results indicate that chloride ion disturbs the photocatalysis of dye, but the decomposition of dye using the irradiation of ultrasound is not influenced by chloride ion. From these results, it is considered that the photocatalysis with sonication is most effective for the decomposition of dye in the three processes in this study.     

Effect of chemical additives on the performance of Na/NiCl2 cells

The effect of chemical additives on the performance of sodium/nickel chloride cells was investigated in quasi-sealed laboratory research cells. The performance of these cells was measured by galvanostatic and galvanodynamic methods. It was observed that the use of sodium bromide, sulfur, sodium iodide, and a combination of these additives enhance the performance of the Na/NiCl₂ cells by reducing the area-specific impedance of the nickel chloride electrode. Improved morphology by the use of the poreformer further improves the nickel utilization and the electrode impedance. The performance enhancement is attributed to the chemical and morphological modifications of the nickel chloride electrode in the Na/NiCl₂ cells.     

Dispersion of the third-order susceptibility of a cyanine dye measured by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering

The dispersion of the third-order susceptibility of the cyanine dye bis-(dimethylamino)-heptamethinium chloride was measured by Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) over a wide wavelength range from 530 to 830 nm. Large negative values of the real part of the second-order hyperpolarizability are observed. The data are analyzed with the help of theoretical calculations based on a perturbative approach for the nonlinearities. The dispersion behavior of the third-order susceptibility is governed by the resonant enhancement due to vibrational transitions of the first excited electronic state and, to lesser extent, by an electronic two-photon resonance around 600 nm.