利用混合FE-SEA方法的前围隔声性能优化设计*

为了提升某重型商用车前围的隔声性能,建立了用于分析前围传递损失的有限元-统计能量分析(FE-SEA)模型。针对前围结构复杂的特点,依据FE-SEA模型建模原则,提出了通过在表面创建声腔来确保能量在模型中的正确传递路径。将仿真结果与测试值对比,二者误差小于1.6 dB(A),验证了FE-SEA方法的准确性。用吸声材料与隔声材料复合设计前围声学包,采用正交试验法对前围声学包进行优化设计并对各个试验方案进行仿真计算。对仿真结果进行极差分析与方差分析,选出了在传递损失、重量和厚度三方面达到最佳平衡的声学包:毛毡(10 mm)+EPDM隔声垫(2 mm)。结果表明,优化后的前围传递损失在测试频率315 Hz～2000 Hz范围内最小提升了3.8 dB(A),最大提升了7 dB(A),前围的隔声性能得到较大的提升。     

基于混合有限元-统计能量分析的箱梁结构噪声特性分析*

为了探讨箱梁的结构噪声辐射规律,提高计算精度及效率,基于混合有限元-统计能量分析理论,建立1/10箱梁有限元-统计能量分析计算模型,并进行模态实验与声学实验验证。在此基础上进行声贡献量以及振动传递规律分析,并与相关文献进行比较。研究结果表明:混合有限元-统计能量分析模型不仅适用于箱梁结构噪声分析,而且在保证计算精度的同时提高了计算效率;在随机激励下,箱梁顶板和左右翼板的声贡献量高达87.3%,底板和腹板的声贡献量仅为13.7%;箱梁结构各子系统声贡献量规律与箱梁结构各子系统的振动大小规律保持一致。     

船舶水下辐射噪声信号理论模型及仿真

分析典型船舶水下辐射噪声实验数据,获取船舶水下辐射噪声功率谱特征,阐明了准周期随机声脉冲序列信号模型作为船舶水下辐射噪声模型的合理性和普适性,在此基础上,引入爆炸衰减型余弦脉冲信号作为该模型的基本组成单元,给予理论分析,据以数值构建船舶辐射噪声,并与海上试验获取的商船辐射噪声数据进行对比,结果明显一致,证明了该方法的有效性和实用性.     

挖掘机驾驶室低频结构噪声分析与优化*

针对某小型液压挖掘机驾驶室低频噪声过大问题,对驾驶室结构振动特性进行分析。基于有限元模型计算各工况下驾驶室噪声传递函数,运用统计学方法确定主要噪声峰值频率及相应工况;通过模态声学贡献度计算,确定危险工况下噪声贡献量较大的模态阶数,参照模态振型确定驾驶室振动变形最大的车身板件;并对该板件进行形貌优化处理,提高其一阶固有频率,进而降低驾驶室内噪声。优化结果表明,驾驶室噪声传递函数在危险频率下的峰值下降了2~4 dB。     

基于流固耦合的油底壳振动噪声预测分析

为了对油底壳的改进方案进行噪声预测,首先建立油底壳的流固耦合有限元模型,进行耦合模态计算,获得其固有频率和振型,通过模态试验验证了耦合有限元模型的准确性;其次,在发动机工作过程中,通过试验测得油底壳各螺栓固定处的振动加速度;再次,基于模态结果,在油底壳各螺栓固定处施加测试的振动加速度,采用有限元的分析方法对油底壳进行了强迫振动计算和辐射噪声计算,并进行了试验对比,结果表明该方法可用于发动机开发试验确认阶段,对油底壳改进方案进行振动噪声的预测,减小开发风险;最后,对含油量多少对辐射噪声的影响进行了对比分析。     

数控裁剪机切割刀壳体振动噪声预测分析*

高频往复式切割刀是柔性材料数控裁剪机的核心部件。该文对切割刀壳体的振动噪声改进措施进行研究。首先对切割刀进行刚体动力学分析,获取其所受动载荷情况,并通过数值计算验证了切割刀刚体动力学模型的可靠性。其次,基于有限元法获取切割刀壳体模态特性,并通过锤击激振实验验证了有限元模型的准确性。然后基于模态仿真结果进行谐响应分析,将计算得到的频域动载荷施加至切割刀壳体各螺栓固定处,获取结构加速度响应频谱,结合振动响应结果,对壳体进行声固耦合分析,并进行实验对比,验证了分析方法的准确性。最后,计算不同的阻尼措施对壳体噪声辐射的影响,为切割刀的减振降噪提供参考。     

高速动车组气动噪声试验与仿真分析*

通过风洞试验对某高速动车组整车、受电弓及转向架远场气动噪声特性进行分析。试验结果表明,高速动车组远场气动噪声是一宽频噪声,总声能随速度的6.6次方增加;由受电弓引起的远场气动噪声主要集中在中高频,噪声峰值频率随速度变化线性增加;由转向架引起的远场气动噪声主要集中在中低频,噪声峰值频率与速度无关。在此基础上,通过大涡模拟和声扰动方程获得该高速动车组近场噪声。高速动车组远场噪声测点仿真结果与试验结果的最大差值2.2 dB(A),最大相对误差2.5%,表明仿真模型的准确性。仿真结果表明,车头近场噪声以车头鼻尖为界,底部气动噪声能量大于上部流线型气动噪声能量,其中转向架舱位置噪声能量最大,因此进行车内外降噪方案设计时,应重点关注车头转向架舱位置。     

超声无线输能的声电转换通道设计

通过对超声无线输能系统的声电转换通道进行理论分析,利用电声传输线类比法构建了声电转换通道的一维仿真模型,并利用有限元仿真软件进一步构建了声电转换通道的有限元仿真模型,提高了模型的精确度和适用范围。进行了超声无线输能的实验,并将仿真结果与实验测量结果进行对比,仿真模型的有效性得到验证。利用所建仿真模型分析了负载阻抗对系统能量传输效率的影响规律,对声电转换通道进行了优化,确定了系统的共振频率和最佳负载阻抗。在以上研究基础上建立的超声无线输能实验系统,能够成功透过8 mm厚的铜板点亮20 W灯泡,能量传输效率达到57%,实验证明了利用超声透过金属板进行能量无线传输是切实可行的。      

SE-MCNN-CTC的中文语音识别声学模型

针对国内外缺少对振动轮噪声预估的问题,以某型振动轮为研究对象,首先基于动力学有限元理论对振动轮进行频率响应分析,其次采用声学边界元技术对振动轮辐射噪声进行了数值模拟,并通过实验验证了仿真结果的准确性,然后比较了垂直振动与圆周振动两种不同激振形式对辐射噪声的影响,得出垂直振动辐射噪声低的结论,最后对驾驶室声腔模态进行了仿真,与振动轮激振频率相近发生共振。通过调整激振频率,降低了司机耳旁噪声。所得研究成果可为振动轮辐射噪声的预估与改进提供一种切实可行的参考依据。     

机车驾驶室中自适应有源降噪系统的研究

根据机车驾驶室中噪声特征的分析结果，提出了采用FIR滤波器的自适应有源降噪(ANNC)系统。为消除机车驾驶室中严重的背景噪声干扰影响，应用伪随机相关法对驾驶室中的噪声脉冲响应进行测量。通过数字仿真研究，对基于IMS算法的ANNC系统的关键参数进行了寻优。最后，在实际声场中建立了实时双通道ANNC系统并进行了相关的实验验证。仿真与实验的结果证明了本文提出的AANC系统的可行性和有效性。     

A hybrid SEA/modal technique for modeling structural-acoustic interior noise in rotorcraft

This paper describes a hybrid technique that combines Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) predictions for structural vibration with acoustic modal summation techniques to predict interior noise levels in rotorcraft. The method was applied for predicting the sound field inside a mock-up of the interior panel system of the Sikorsky S-92 helicopter. The vibration amplitudes of the frame and panel systems were predicted using a detailed SEA model and these were used as inputs to the model of the interior acoustic space. The spatial distribution of the vibration field on individual panels, and their coupling to the acoustic space were modeled using stochastic techniques. Leakage and nonresonant transmission components were accounted for using space-averaged values obtained from a SEA model of the complete structural-acoustic system. Since the cabin geometry was quite simple, the modeling of the interior acoustic space was performed using a standard modal summation technique. Sound pressure levels predicted by this approach at specific microphone locations were compared with measured data. Agreement within 3 dB in one-third octave bands above 40 Hz was observed. A large discrepancy in the one-third octave band in which the first acoustic mode is resonant (31.5 Hz) was observed. Reasons for such a discrepancy are discussed in the paper. The developed technique provides a method for modeling helicopter cabin interior noise in the frequency mid-range where neither FEA nor SEA is individually effective or accurate.     

Prediction of noise inside an acoustic cavity of elongated shape using statistical energy analyses with spatial decay consideration

In this paper, Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) is used to predict the interior noise of an acoustic cavity of elongated shape. The disadvantage of the conventional SEA method, which quantifies the response in terms of the energy averaged over each subsystem, is overcome by introducing a one-dimensional spatial decay relation, through which information about the acoustic energy variation in the elongated direction is taken into account. The modified SEA is experimentally validated using a 1:5 scaled space station prototype, having the longitudinal dimension much larger than the cross-sectional dimension. It is also compared with a model reported in the literature. It is shown that, in the region where the acoustic pressure level decays at a constant rate, the two models agree well with each other and are capable of estimating the acoustic pressure variation along the space station cabin. However, near the end walls where the decay rate of the acoustic pressure level is not constant, the proposed model provides better accuracy.     

Active vibration control for structural-acoustic coupling system of a 3-D vehicle cabin model

This paper presents an active vibration control system for use with structural-acoustic coupling system using piezoelectric actuators and piezoelectric sensors. For modelling a complicated 3-D vehicle cabin model, the structural-acoustic coupling system is analyzed by combining the structural data from modal testing with the acoustic data from the finite element method. Through the structural-acoustic analysis program, the control plate and the control modes are selected, which are most effective for attenuating its noise. A robust LQG controller with two sensor signal filters is designed to remove the experimental problems such as the spillover effect due to uncontrolled modes. The robust LQG controller for the structural-acoustic coupling system can reduce the interior noise of the cavity as well as the structural vibration of the cabin.     

基于散射矩阵法的飞机壁板声学优化设计

采用散射矩阵法分析夹层板结构声学特性,并对典型的夹层板结构即飞机壁板进行声学优化,预计飞机壁板隔声特性,获得蒙皮、隔声隔热层、内饰板及它们的组合结构的声学性能。针对尾吊飞机客舱后部噪声过大问题,通过增加铺设隔热隔声层以及部分区域优化安装阻尼层等一系列被动降噪处理方法,对主要传递路径的飞机壁板结构进行优化,降低客舱后部噪声水平,并进行试验验证。试验结果表明:散射矩阵法可快速准确获得夹层结构的隔声性能,并与混响室法测试结果吻合较好;在厚度不变的前提下,改变隔热隔声层的铺设方式和材料密度对壁板隔声性能影响较小,但在蒙皮内侧粘贴阻尼层能在一定频段范围提高壁板隔声性能;将优化的壁板构型应用到飞机后舱段侧壁板,舱内噪声水平可降低约3 dB。     

Deterministic-statistical analysis of a structural-acoustic system

The purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient approach for vibro-acoustic analysis. Being simple and representative, an exited plate-acoustic system is selected as a validation case for the vibro-acoustic analysis as the system presents one two-dimensional statistical component (modal dense structure panel—plate) connected to the other component (deterministic acoustic volume—cavity) through the area junction over a surface domain, rather than at a line boundary. Potential industrial applications of the system vibro-acoustic analysis would be in acoustic modelling of vehicle body panels such as the cabin roof panel, and door panels for the boom noise analysis.A new deterministic-statistical analysis approach is proposed from a combination or hybrid of deterministic analysis and statistical energy analysis (SEA) approaches. General theory of the new deterministic-statistical analysis approach is introduced. The main advantage of the new deterministic-statistical analysis approach is its possibility in place of the time consuming Monte Carlo simulation. In order to illustrate and validate the new deterministic-statistical analysis approach, three approaches of the deterministic analysis, the statistical energy analysis and the new deterministic-statistical analysis are then applied to conduct the plate-acoustic system modelling, and their results will be compared. The vibro-acoustic energy coupling characteristic of the plate-acoustic system will be studied. The most suitable frequency range for the new approach will be identified in consideration of computational accuracy, information and speed.     

Hybrid power flow analysis using coupling loss factor of SEA for low-damping system—Part I: Formulation of 1-D and 2-D cases

This paper proposes a hybrid method for the prediction of vibrational and acoustic responses of low-damping system in the medium-to-high frequency ranges by using the power flow analysis (PFA) algorithm and statistical energy analysis (SEA) coupling concepts. The main part of this method is the application of the coupling loss factor (CLF) of SEA to the boundary condition of PFA in reverberant system. First, for hybrid PFA, the hybrid boundary conditions on 1-D and 2-D cases were derived in the general form. To verify the derived boundary conditions, numerical analyses for each case were performed. The hybrid PFA solutions using derived boundary conditions were compared with the classical PFA solutions with various reverberance factors including the effects of the characteristic length, excitation frequency and group velocity besides damping loss factor of the subsystem. Additionally, the hybrid PFA on 3-D case and the hybrid power flow finite element method (PFFEM) for hybrid PFA of built-up structures are described in the other companion paper.