GaAs量子阱半导体微腔中腔极化激元的动态行为

GaAs量子阱半导体微腔中, 光子同时与重空穴激子、轻空穴激子耦合形成腔极化激元. 本文采用三谐振子耦合模型, 计算了腔极化激元的三支的色散关系、线宽、有效质量及其群速度; 结果表明, 由于腔极化激元的三支中光子、重空穴激子、轻空穴激子所占的权重随着平面波矢（或入射角度）变化, 腔极化激元三支的线宽、有效质量及其群速度呈现出不同的动态行为.     

静压下半导体微腔内激子与光子行为的研究

由于腔模与激子对压力的依赖关系不同,所以可以选择不同的压力使激子和光场处于不同的耦合状态,从而实现对耦合的调谐。利用这种办法,我们观测到了代表激子与光场强耦合作用的Rabi分裂。由于在我们现有样品结构中压力对激子本征行为的影响很小,与以前报道的温度、电场等调谐方式相比,这种调谐方法不仅可以有效地调谐半导体微腔内激子与腔模的耦合程度,而且能够保持激子的本征性质在整个调谐过程中基本不变。这有助于研究在强耦合过程中激子极化激元的本征性质。将实验结果与压力下激子与腔模耦合理论进行拟合,得出了正确的Rabi分裂值。     

ZnO纳米线微腔中的回音壁模激子极化激元及其激射

本刊讯 来自中国科学院上海技术物理研究所的沈学础院士做客第二十一期武汉光电论坛，作了题为ZnO纳米线微腔中的回音壁模激子极化激元及其激射——物理和应用前景的报告。     

半导体微腔中激子的光学效应

文章基于Fabry-Pérot半导体微腔,阐述了新型元激发--激子极化激元的基本概念和微观描述,讨论了其在光学放大器、光学开关和单光子源方面的潜在应用,概述了对其实现Bose-Einstein凝聚的实验研究,最后对将来的发展做了一个简单的展望.     

半导体量子点中弱耦合激子的性质

研究了抛物型半导体量子点中弱耦合激子的性质,在有效质量近似下,采用线性组合算符和幺正变换的方法,导出了抛物型半导体量子点中激子的基态能量。讨论了量子点半径和受限强度对半导体量子点中弱耦合激子的基态能量的影响。以GaAs半导体为例进行了数值计算,结果表明:在弱耦合情况下,重空穴激子和轻空穴激子的基态能量随量子点半径的减小而增大,随受限强度ω₀的增强而增大。     

AlxGa1-xAs/AlyGa1-yAs微腔中的激子吸收增强效应

文章采用Al_xGa_1-xAs/Al_yGa_1-yAs微腔结构,研究了微腔中激子的吸收行为,在室温下观察到了激子吸收的增强效应,激子的峰值吸收强度是自由空间中激子吸收强度的2,6倍;我们从激子与光波场相互作用和腔中模函数的分布建立了计算.激子先吸收的模型,文中给出的微腔结构的数值计算表明激子的吸收增强与实验结果相一致;数值计算表明,微腔中激子吸收的强弱不仅与上、下两腔镜的反射率和腔长有关,而且还取决于量子阱在腔中的位置.     

非共振激发条件下微腔中激子自发辐射的时间分辨光谱

低温下,测量了InGaAs量子阱平面微腔的时间分辨光谱。在非共振激发条件下,观察到上下两支腔极化激元光荧光的衰退时间与失谐无关;下支腔极化激元光荧光的上升时间也与失谐无关;而上支腔极化激元光荧光的上升时间却与失谐有强烈的依赖关系,随着从负失谐到正失谐的增加,上升时间逐渐减小。对实验结果的物理根源进行了讨论。     

与腔场耦合的两个量子点中激子的纠缠动力学

利用共生纠缠度研究了单模腔场内两个耦合量子点中激子的纠缠动力学行为.结果表明:无论腔场初始制备于奇相干态还是偶相干态,两个量子点间直接耦合作用均能减弱激子的纠缠度.在腔场初始为奇相干态时,激子的纠缠度随场模强度的增加而减小;偶相干态时,激子的纠缠度呈现一个转折变化.此外,也研究了单模腔场内平均光子数与激子准最大相干纠缠态的关联.     

微腔增强发射的半导体量子点单光子源

单光子源是实现量子密匙分配、线性光学量子计算的基本单元。作者回顾了单光子源在量子信息科学发展中的作用,讨论了光子的统计特性,分析了具有类似原子二能级结构的半导体量子点作为单光子发射源的特点,介绍了微腔与二能级系统的耦合以及微腔量子电动力学基本原理。在弱耦合区,Purcell效应导致微腔中量子点激子复合寿命降低,因此可用微腔来改善量子点单光子发射效率。文章总结了近年来在半导体微腔增强量子点单光子发射领域的进展,探讨了分布式布拉格反射微腔、柱状微腔和光子晶体微腔等结构对改善半导体量子点单光子发射和收集效率、光子极化以及光子全同性等方面的作用,并对未来半导体量子点单光子源的发展进行了展望。     

垂直耦合自组织InAs双量子点中激子能的计算

在有效质量近似条件下研究了垂直耦合的自组织InAs/GaAs量子点的激子态.在绝热近似条件下，采用传递矩阵方法计算了电子和空穴的能谱.通过哈密顿量矩阵的对角化，对电子和空穴间的库仑相互作用进行了精确处理.讨论了两量子点间的垂直距离对激子基态能的影响.从基态波函数概率分布的角度，讨论了激子的束缚能.计算了重空穴和轻空穴激子的基态能随外部垂直磁场变化的函数关系.计算了量子点大小（量子点半径）对激子能的影响. 关键词： 量子点 激子 对角化     

Photoluminescence of “dark” excitons in CdMnTe quantum well, embedded in a microcavity

A diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) quantum well (QW) microcavity operating in the limit of the strong coupling regime is studied by magnetoptical experiments. The interest of DMS QW relies on the possibility to vary the excitonic resonance over a wide range of energies by applying an external magnetic field, typically about 30 meV for 5 T in our sample. In particular, the anticrossing between the QW exciton and the cavity mode can be tuned by the external field. We observe the anticrossing and formation of exciton polaritons in magneto-reflectivity experiments. In contrast, magneto-luminescence exhibits purely excitonic character. Under resonant excitation conditions an additional emission line is observed at the energy of the dark exciton. The creation of dark excitons is made possible due to heavy hole–light hole mixing in the QW. The emission at this energy could be due to a combined spin flip of an electron and a bright exciton recombination.     

Characteristics of exciton polaritons in a ZnO microcavity

We have investigated the characteristics of exciton polaritons in a ZnO microcavity with HfO₂/SiO₂ distributed Bragg reflectors. The results of the angle-resolved reflectance spectra were analyzed by calculating the cavity polariton dispersions with a phenomenological Hamiltonian for the coupling between the cavity photon and three kinds of excitons labeled A, B, and C peculiar to ZnO. The vacuum-Rabi-splitting energy is estimated to be ∼80 meV. The reflectance dips originating from the cavity polaritons shift to lower energy side with an increase in temperature. We discuss the temperature dependence of the cavity-polariton energies of the ZnO microcavity on the basis of the phenomenological Hamiltonian taking account of the temperature dependence of the exciton energies with Varshni’s law.     

Tuning of exciton states in a magnetic quantum ring

The exciton states in a CdTe quantum ring subjected to an external magnetic field containing a single magnetic impurity are investigated. We have used the multiband approximation which includes the heavy hole–light hole coupling effects. The electron–hole spin interactions and the s, p–d interactions between the electron, the hole and the magnetic impurity are also included. The exciton energy levels and optical transitions are evaluated using the exact diagonalization scheme. We show that due to the spin interactions it is possible to change the bright exciton state into the dark state and vice versa with the help of a magnetic field. We propose a new route to experimentally estimate the s, p–d spin interaction constants.     

Propagation of quasi-two dimensional exciton polaritons in a quantum well waveguide

The propagation of exciton polaritons in an optical waveguide with a quantum well is studied. Spatial dispersion of the excitons causes the wave vector of the exciton polaritons to split between waveguide and exciton modes at resonance. The magnitude of this splitting is determined by the radiative decay parameter of excitons with corresponding polarization in the quantum well. The group velocity of the waveguide exciton polaritons in the resonance region can be three or four orders of magnitude lower than the speed of light in vacuum. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 40, 362–365 (February 1998)     

Strong coupling between Tamm plasmon and QW exciton

We report on the strong coupling between a Tamm plasmon mode and excitons from inorganic quantum wells. The sample is formed by an AlAs/GaAlAs Bragg reflector containing InGaAs QWs in its high refractive index layers, on top of which a thin silver film is deposited. Angle resolved reflectometry experiments at low temperature (77 K) show a clear anticrossing in the dispersion relations, evidencing the strong coupling regime. The Rabi splitting amounts to 11.5 meV. Emission from low and high energy Tamm plasmon/exciton polaritons is also demonstrated. Experimental data are in very good agreement with transfer matrix simulations.     

周期地嵌入电介质球壳的金属表层的表面等离子激元及其与电介质腔体模式的耦合

通过观察金属底板中周期地嵌入电介质球壳的体系的光学吸收性质，研究了表面等离子激元 以及与其他电磁模式的耦合特性.在这种周期结构的金属表面，发现存在两种响应频率，分 别对应于表面等离子激元模式和金属中的电介质腔体模式.在这些响应频率上，可观察到与 它们相对应的吸收峰.由于金属的表面模式不能与平面入射光直接耦合，而腔体模式与平面 入射光和表面等离子激元模式的耦合一般较弱，因而通常情况下这些吸收峰的峰值有限.然 而，通过调整体系中的某些参数，可以使腔体模式和表面模式的频率非常接近，这时二者之 间的耦合强度将大大提高.此时，在相应的频率附近可观察到极强的吸收峰.详细地研究了介 质球壳的物理和几何参数对此共振吸收的影响. 关键词： 腔体模式 表面等离子体模式 共振吸收     

Conduction electron-exciton complexes in semiconductor single crystals

We consider the possibility of a bound state being formed from the pairing of an excited electron in the conduction band with an exciton in a semiconductor at low temperatures. The model consists of two levels (the valence and conduction bands) for a simple cubic lattice with periodic boundary conditions and the exciton is intermediate between the Wannier and Frenkel type excitons. The exciton which is discussed consistst of a tightly bound electron from the conduction band and a hole from the valence band on the same lattice site. Electrons and holes are, however, allowed to hop independently between nearest-neighbour lattice sites. The dispersion relations which determine the exciton and the electron-exciton modes are solved numerically. It is found that there are two branches for the coupled mode frequencies. This physical picture is analogous to that for polaritons and magnon-phonon modes in crystals.     

Origin of superenhanced light transmission through two-dimensional subwavelength rectangular hole arrays

Superenhanced light transmission through subwavelength rectangular hole arrays have been reported and some investigations have been made into the physical origin of this phenomenon [K.J. Klein Koerkamp et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 183901 (2004)]. In our current work, by performing FDTD (finite difference in the time domain) numerical simulations, we demonstrate that mechanism that is different from surface plasmon polaritons set up by the periodicity at the in-plane metal surfaces may account for this superenhanced light transmission. We suggest that for arrays of rectangular holes with small enough width in comparison to the wavelength of the incident light, standing electromagnetic fields can be set up inside the cavity by the surface plasmons on the hole walls with its intensity being substantially enhanced inside the cavity. So resonant cavity-enhanced light transmission is predominant and responsible for its superenhanced light transmission. Rectangular holes behave as Fabry-Pérot resonance cavities except that the frequency of their fundamental modes is restricted by their TM cutoff frequency. However we believe that both localized surface plasmon modes and surface plasmon polaritons set up by the periodicity at the in-plane metal surfaces have their shares in extraordinary optical transmission of rectangular hole arrays especially when the width of the rectangular hole is not small enough and the metal film is not thick enough.     

Optical characterization of a GaAs/AlGaAs vertical cavity surface emitting quantum well laser structure grown by MOCVD

In this work we report on the characterization and modelling of the reflectivity of a vertical cavity surface emitting quantum well laser (VCSEQWL) grown by MOCVD. The theoretical simulation of the reflectivity was developed for the purpose of designing VCSEQWL cavity multilayer reflectors. Included in the model are the effects of the n = 1 electron/heavy hole (e-hh) and electron/light hole (e-lh) exciton absorptions and the dispersion of the multilayer materials on the cavity mirror reflectivity. Using this model we analysed the influence of systematic deviations of the multilayer thicknesses on the VCSEQWL cavity reflectivity. Good agreement was achieved between the measured and simulated reflectivity if we allowed for systematic deviations in the thicknesses of the epilayers of ± 2.5%. Electroluminescence measurements from the VCSEQWL showed the n = 1 (e-hh) quantum well transition to be matched to the laser cavity resonance. Both calculated and measured results showed that when the n = 1 (e-hh) exciton transition matched the microcavity resonance the exciton absorption was strongly enhanced due to the multiple reflections of the incident light beam in the cavity.