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1.
王红伟  华灯鑫  王玉峰  高朋  赵虎 《物理学报》2013,62(12):120701-120701
提出并设计了一套新型的大气水汽和气溶胶探测用紫外域拉曼激光雷达系统, 以二向色镜和超窄带滤光片构成高效率拉曼光谱分光系统, 实现激光雷达大气回波信号中米-瑞利散射信号、 氮气和水汽的振动拉曼散射信号的精细分离和高效率提取. 利用美国标准大气的分子散射模型和实测的大气米散射信号模型, 对分光系统的米-瑞利散射信号的抑制率、大气水汽测量的信噪比和误差进行数值仿真设计. 搭建实验系统对西安地区夜间的大气水汽进行实验观测, 并利用有云天气下实测的激光雷达回波信号, 反演获得大气后向散射比和水汽混合比的相关特性, 验证了该拉曼光谱分光系统对米-瑞利信号的抑制率达到10-7以上量级. 理论和实验结果表明, 设计的新型拉曼光谱分光系统可以在大气后向散射比为17时, 实现水汽探测误差小于15%, 满足拉曼激光雷达系统对大气水汽的高效率探测. 关键词: 拉曼激光雷达 水汽混合比 大气后向散射比  相似文献   

2.
拉曼激光雷达通过探测与水汽浓度相关的大气水汽振动拉曼散射回波信号,可实现大气水汽混合比廓线的探测。然而由于振动拉曼信号非常微弱,在白天测量时振动拉曼散射光谱会淹没在太阳背景光中,多在夜间测量。为实现大气水汽的全天时测量,设计开发一套日盲紫外波段拉曼激光雷达系统。该系统选择Nd∶YAG脉冲激光器的四倍频输出-266.0 nm日盲紫外波段作为拉曼激光雷达系统的激励波长,采用镀高增益介质膜的牛顿式望远镜作为接收器,同时利用二向色镜和超窄带干涉滤光片设计高效率的高光谱分光系统,实现了大气氧气、氮气和水汽振动拉曼散射回波信号277.5,283.6和294.6 nm的精细提取。计算仿真结果表明,臭氧吸收对日盲紫外域拉曼激光雷达探测存在一定的影响,主要是探测距离的影响;氮气通道不受白天太阳背景光噪声的影响;水汽通道存在少量太阳背景光噪声,对系统探测距离略有影响。而系统信噪比计算结果表明,设计的日盲紫外域拉曼激光雷达系统可实现白天3.5 km大气水汽的探测。实际进行水汽探测时,可利用氮气和氧气通道反演出臭氧浓度廓线,修正臭氧对发射波长、各通道拉曼散射波长的吸收,进一步提升系统的探测能力和探测精度。  相似文献   

3.
为了同时测量大气温度,水汽和大气气溶胶,中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所中国科学院大气光学中心研制了一台多功能拉曼激光雷达。该激光雷达采用多腔干涉滤光片的高性能光谱盒,同时按小角度入射顺序安装,分离不同波长的激光雷达回波信号,并能高效率地提取信号。利用该台拉曼激光雷达进行连续观测,分析了大气温度、水汽混合比的垂直分布。研究结果表明:探测时间为5分钟,激光能量为200 mJ时,激光雷达和无线电探空仪测得的平均偏差很小, 10 km以下的总体趋势相似,同时观测到逆温层位于对流层低层。在干净天的条件下, 6.2 km高度下的夜间统计温度误差在1K以下;在轻微雾霾天的条件下, 2.5 km高度下的夜间统计温度误差在1 K以下。水汽探测过程中,激光雷达在4 km以内的相对误差不超过5%, 7.5 km以内的相对误差不超过20%。连续观测结果验证了拉曼激光雷达的可靠性,实现了对流层大气参数的实时测量。  相似文献   

4.
为了实现大气温度、水汽(相对湿度)和气溶胶的实时同步探测研究,成功研制了一台日常观测的多参数探测拉曼激光雷达,采用高性能二向色镜和窄带干涉滤光片组成高光谱分辨率高效率拉曼分光系统,实现独立5通道大气回波信号的高精细分光和高效率提取,并研发了多参数同步反演算法,获得了大气水汽密度、温度和气溶胶消光系数廓线,结合水汽密度和温度得到了同时刻大气相对湿度的垂直变化特性。利用该系统在晴天和有云条件下对西安局地进行初步实验观测,获得温湿度及气溶胶廓线以及云层内水汽与逆温层的高度关系。实验结果表明,在探测时间15 min和激光能量150 m J的条件下,系统在晴天条件可实现高度16 km以下大气温度和湿度的同步探测,在有云条件下系统可实现大气底层和云层顶逆温层的精确探测,并可获得高层云层内和水汽层内大气水汽密度和相对湿度的同步增长趋势。实验数据与当地探空数据的多次随机比对在大气温度、湿度廓线上取得了较好的一致性,充分验证了该拉曼激光雷达实现对流层高度大气多参数同步探测的有效性和系统的可靠性。使用该系统可有效开展区域性大气的观测研究,为大气气候变化以及雾霾生消过程的研究提供可靠的实时探测数据。  相似文献   

5.
提出了一种基于小波阈值去噪算法的白天太阳背景光滤波抑制方法,实现对拉曼回波信号中真实信号与噪声的分离,并有效滤除白天背景噪声。基于西安理工大学大气水汽探测拉曼激光雷达系统的全天时实测数据,详细讨论了分解层数、小波基函数、阈值函数以及阈值选取方法等因素对白天探测回波信号去噪结果的影响,对去噪前后信号进行分析并对去噪评价函数进行对比,当利用小波基sym6、分解层数为5层,并采用改进阈值函数和改进通用阈值方法的最优条件时,可实现对白天水汽拉曼散射信号和米-瑞利散射信号较好的去噪效果。讨论了小波去噪前后大气水汽混合比反演廓线和激光雷达水汽探测信噪比(SNR)的结果,分析表明利用该去噪系统得到的白天激光雷达水汽探测SNR提高约3.4倍,水汽探测距离可从1.5~2km提高到3km以上。开展全天时激光雷达连续探测实验和去噪处理,获得了24h边界层内大气水汽混合比的连续变化特性,并得到与近地面气象站数据的较一致的结果,充分验证了小波去噪算法应用于全天时大气水汽探测的可行性和有效性。  相似文献   

6.
Nd∶YAG激光器三倍频输出的354.7nm光和四倍频输出的266.0nm光都位于紫外波段,都可作为水汽拉曼激光雷达的激励光源;从水汽拉曼激光雷达系统的实际建设出发,分别从后向散射系数、消光系数、大气透过率、臭氧吸收和太阳背景噪声等方面对激光雷达系统的探测性能进行分析,探讨354.7nm和266.0nm激光光源对拉曼激光雷达开展全天时大气水汽探测的影响。结果表明:在水汽探测中,266.0nm及其对应的氧气、氮气和水汽拉曼波长均位于日盲紫外区内,不受太阳背景噪声的影响,但会受到臭氧吸收的影响;354.7nm波段无臭氧吸收,但会受到太阳背景噪声的影响;在分光系统参数一致的情况下,激光雷达系统选用266.0nm波段激光光源时,白天水汽的有效探测距离为2.7km,选用354.7nm波段激光光源时,有效探测距离仅为0.6km;日盲紫外波长的选择可有效提高白天水汽拉曼激光雷达的探测距离,实现水汽的全天时探测。  相似文献   

7.
非线性拉曼激光雷达测量CO2气体的研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
提出了利用气体的受激拉曼散射(SRS)效应激光雷达光源来探测大气中的CO2气体的新方法,设计出探测大气中CO2气体含量的非线性拉曼增益激光雷达,用Nd:YAG激光器(1064 nm)的三倍频光(354.7 nm)通过分别装有CO2气体和N2气体的拉曼管,分别得到CO2气体和N2气体的受激拉曼散射的一阶斯托克斯线(S1),并用S1线作为雷达的种子发射光源.通过实验得到拉曼管中的气压与S1能量的变化关系,对其优化条件和物理机制进行了分析.该实验方法已经成功测出了大气中CO2气体的回波电压信号.  相似文献   

8.
用于大气温度廓线测量的瑞利-拉曼激光雷达   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
大气温度廓线及其时间演变特征资料在地球科学领域具有重要的应用,为获取高时空分辨的大气温度的垂直分布,建立了瑞利-拉曼温度测量激光雷达。介绍了瑞利-拉曼激光雷达进行温度测量的主要原理和研制的瑞利-拉曼激光雷达的主要参数;数据处理方面,通过背景噪声剔除和小波算法降噪提高系统的信噪比;使用研制的激光雷达对大气温度廓线进行观测,将观测结果与大气模式数据和卫星观测结果进行对比,均显示较好的一致性,证明了激光雷达温度测量结果的准确性,其温度测量数据可以用于气象学研究。  相似文献   

9.
李仕春  王大龙  李启蒙  宋跃辉  刘丽娟  华灯鑫 《物理学报》2016,65(14):143301-143301
纯转动拉曼激光雷达是探测大气温度廓线的重要手段之一,其正常工作需要配置其他并行校正设备,制约其在气象及环境监测领域中的实用化进程.基于大气氮气分子的纯转动拉曼谱型对温度的依赖性,提出并设计了绝对探测大气温度廓线的纯转动拉曼激光雷达系统.系统采用波长532 nm且脉冲能量300 m J的激光激励源和口径250 mm卡塞格林望远镜的接收器,设计了衍射光栅和光纤Bragg光栅结合的多通道并行纯转动拉曼光谱分光系统;仿真分析氮气和氧气分子的纯转动拉曼散射谱线间关系,优化选择了6条氮气分子的纯转动拉曼谱线以直接反演大气温度,设计了两级滤光器间转接光纤阵列的结构;基于最小二乘原理推导了绝对探测大气温度的反演算法,并结合标准大气模型,分析了纯转动拉曼激光雷达绝对探测大气温度的探测性能.结果表明,所设计纯转动拉曼激光雷达系统可直接反演大气温度廓线,在测量时间17 min内,温度偏差小于0.5 K的探测高度达2.0 km.  相似文献   

10.
王玉峰  张晶  汤柳  王晴  高天乐  宋跃辉  狄慧鸽  李博  华灯鑫 《物理学报》2018,67(22):224205-224205
水是惟一具有三相态的大气参数,三相态水的分布研究对认识云微物理、云降水物理以及人工影响天气过程具有重要的科学意义.在大气三相态水的拉曼激光雷达探测技术中,需首先解决三相态水的高光谱分光技术,以保证对回波信号的精细提取和高信噪比探测.考虑到水汽、液态水和固态水的拉曼光谱特性,本文首先通过理论仿真详细探讨了各拉曼通道中滤光片的选型参数对三相态水光谱重叠特性和探测信噪比的影响;并针对两者无法同时取得最优解的情况,提出了利用多目标规划问题的评价函数方法,分析获得了各通道最优的滤光片参数.结果表明,当固态水、液态水和水汽通道窄带滤光片中心波长和带宽分别为397.9 nm (3.1 nm),403 nm (5 nm)和407.6 nm (0.6 nm)时,可获得各通道间最低的光谱重叠度值和最佳探测信噪比,从而实现了三相态水同步探测拉曼分光系统的优化设计.进一步的仿真结果表明,当激光雷达探测效率因子为1800 J·mm·min时,在有云条件下系统可获得白天3.6 km以上和晴天条件下4 km以上的三相态水有效探测,保证了利用拉曼激光雷达实现对三相态水的同步高信噪比探测,为后续大气三相态水的拉曼激光雷达同步探测和反演提供了技术和理论支持.  相似文献   

11.
A new spectroscopic filter constructed with a high-spectral-resolution grating and two narrow-band mirrors is designed to separate the elastic scattering and the vibrational Raman scattering spectra in an ultraviolet (UV) Raman lidar system. The density of humidity and water vapor mixing ratio are calculated from the vibrational Raman scattering signals of N2 and H2O. Water vapor mixing ratio is retrieved from this development. With this measured water vapor mixing ratio, the relative humidity is calculated with atmospheric temperature profile obtained by another Raman temperature lidar. Preliminary experiments and comparison results between lidar and radiosonde showed that the UV Raman lidar system has the capability for profiling the water vapor mixing ratio up to a height of 2 km with less than 10% of the uncertainty under the conditions of laser energy of 300 mJ and signal-averaging time of 10 min.  相似文献   

12.
A combined elastic–Raman lidar system based on a tripled Nd:YAG laser is used for the separate detection of elastic backscatter and Raman signals from atmospheric nitrogen, water vapor and liquid water and for their depolarization measurement. Vertical profiles of water-vapor and liquid-water content measured under clear-sky conditions behave differently: inside the boundary layer the ratio of liquid-water to water-vapor Raman backscatters rises with altitude. The depolarization measurements bring additional information about atmospheric scattering. The observed depolarization ratio of the water-vapor Raman signal is about 14%, while for liquid water this ratio varies in the 30–75% range, which exceeds the depolarization of bulk water and is attributed to the water-aerosol effects. Raman contours of water vapor and liquid water are partially overlapped, and bleed-through of liquid-water Raman backscatter leads to enhancement of depolarization of the water-vapor Raman signal. This parameter may be used as a convenient indicator of liquid-water interference in water-vapor measurements. Received: 12 December 2000 / Revised version: 27 September 2001 / Published online: 7 November 2001  相似文献   

13.
A combined Raman elastic-backscatter lidar has been developed. A XeCl excimer laser is used as the radiation source. Inelastic Raman backscatter signals are spectrally separated from the elastic signal with a filter or grating polychromator. Raman channels can be chosen to register signals from CO2, O2, N2, and H2O. Algorithms for the calculation of the water-vapor mixing ratio from the Raman signals and the particle extinction and backscatter coefficients from both elastic and inelastic backscatter signals are given. Nighttime measurements of the vertical humidity distribution up to the tropopause and of particle extinction, backscatter, and lidar ratio profiles in the boundary layer, in high-altitude water and ice clouds, and in the stratospheric aerosol layer are presented. Daytime boundary-layer measurements of moisture and particle extinction are made possible by the improved daylight suppression of the grating polychromator. Test measurements of the CO2 mixing ratio indicate the problems for the Raman lidar technique in monitoring other trace gases than water vapor.  相似文献   

14.
L625 Raman lidar has been developed for water vapor measurements over Hefei, China since September 2000. By transmitting laser beam of frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser, Raman scattering signals of water vapor and nitrogen molecules are simultaneously detected by the cooled photomultipliers with photon counting mode. Water vapor mixing ratios measured by Raman lidar show the good agreements with radiosonde observations, which indicates this Raman lidar is reliable. Many observation cases show that aerosol optical parameters have the good correlation with water vapor distribution in the lower troposphere.  相似文献   

15.
Implementation of the pure-rotational Raman (PRR) lidar method for simultaneous measurement of atmospheric temperature, humidity, and aerosol extinction and backscatter coefficients is reported. The isolation of two wavelength domains of the PRR spectrum and the suppression of the elastically scattered light is carried out by a double-grating polychromator. Experiments involving elastic backscatter from dense clouds and a solid target confirm the high level of suppression of the elastic light in the corresponding acquisition channels of the two selected PRR domains. Calibration of the temperature channel was done both by comparison with an experimentally verified atmospheric temperature model profile and by inter-comparison with radiosondes. Night-time temperature profiles with high vertical resolution were obtained up to the lower stratosphere. The PRR temperature profile combined with the water vapor mixing ratio obtained from the ro-vibrational Raman channel is used to estimate the relative humidity. PACS 42.68.Wt; 42.68.Mj; 33.20.Fb  相似文献   

16.
<正>Lower tropospheric water vapor measurements are performed at nighttime using the mobile atmosphere monitoring lidar-2(AML-2) which is operated by the Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics.In this lidar system,a 354.7-nm light from a Nd:YAG laser is used as stimulating source,whose Raman shifted center wavelengths are at 386.7 and 407.5 nm for nitrogen and water vapor,respectively.We present a novel and convenient method for determining the Raman lidar calibration constant according to the scanning performance of this lidar.We are likewise able to realize the measurement of water vapor profile in the low troposphere.The error induced by the uncertainty of calibrated constants is within 7% for the Raman lidar system.Experimental results from two months of study indicate that the method of calibrating the lidar system constant is feasible,and the Raman lidar performance is stable and reliable.  相似文献   

17.
A Raman lidar system based on a tripled Nd:YAG laser is used for profiling of water vapor and liquid water in the troposphere. The Raman signals from water in the gas and liquid state are separated by interference filters and their relative intensities are studied for different atmospheric conditions. For clean weather or immediately after the rain the Raman signal from liquid water inside PBL is about one order of magnitude lower than the signal from water vapor. But during cloud measurements both Raman signals become comparable and the results of water vapor measurements must be corrected for the interference of liquid water Raman scattering. The obtained results are used for the estimation of liquid water content in the atmosphere. Received: 4 October 1999 / Revised version: 18 February 2000 / Published online: 11 May 2000  相似文献   

18.
Lidar (Light detection and ranging) system monitoring of the atmosphere is a novel and powerful technique tool. The Raman lidar is well established today as a leading research tool in the study of numerous important areas in the atmospheric sciences. In this paper, the principle of Raman lidar technique measurement CO2 concentration profile is presented and the errors caused by molecular and aerosol extinction for CO2 concentration profile measurement with Raman lidar are also presented. The standard atmosphere extinction profile and 'real-time' Hefei area extinction profile are used to conduct correction and the corresponding results are yielded. Simulation results with standard atmosphere mode correction indicate that the errors caused by molecule and aerosol extinction should be counted for the reason that they could reach about 8 ppm and 5 ppm respectively. The relative error caused by Hefei area extinction correction could reach about 6%. The errors caused by the two components extinction influence could produce significant changes for CO2 concentration profile and need to be counted in data processing which could improve the measurement accuracies.  相似文献   

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