Yb-In_2O_3纳米管的制备及其对甲醛的优异气敏性能

采用单管静电纺丝的方法成功制备了纯的与Yb掺杂的In_2O_3纳米管(Yb-In_2O_3).利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征,制作了基于纯In_2O_3和Yb-In_2O_3纳米管的气敏元件.研究表明,Yb-In_2O_3纳米管气敏元件在230℃下对100 ppm甲醛的灵敏度为69.8,是纯In_2O_3纳米管气敏元件对同浓度甲醛灵敏度(18.4)的3.8倍,其对100 ppm甲醛的响应恢复时间分别为4 s和84 s.并且,基于Yb-In_2O_3纳米管的气敏元件对100 ppb甲醛的灵敏度达到2.5.此外,该气敏元件还具有出色的选择性及稳定性,具备良好的实际应用前景.     

BaWO4∶Eu3+红色荧光粉的水热制备及其发光性能

采用水热法,通过变化水热反应时间制备出不同的BaWO₄∶Eu³⁺样品,利用XRD和SEM分析了样品的晶体结构和表面形貌,研究了基质晶体生长取向对BaWO₄中Eu³⁺离子特征发射的影响。实验结果表明:BaWO₄∶Eu³⁺样品在395 nm近紫外光或464 nm蓝光激发下发射578,592,612 nm的红光,其中612 nm(⁵D₀→⁷F₂)发射强度明显高于592 nm (⁵D₀→⁷F₁)。在水热温度160 ℃的情况下,所制备的样品均为四方相,不同的水热反应时间将影响晶体在各晶向的生长速度,进而影响晶体的对称性和发光性能。水热时间为10 h时的发射强度最大。     

LED光激活氧化锌纳米棒的乙醇气敏特性

利用水热法制备了氧化锌纳米棒材料,分析表征了样品的形貌及晶体结构特征,并测试了氧化锌纳米棒的光致发光谱。在室温条件下,研究了ZnO 纳米棒在不同波长的发光二极管(LED)光激发下对乙醇气体的气敏特性。结果表明:波长小于405 nm的紫外光对氧化锌纳米棒的气敏特性有着显著的影响,光致载流子对氧化锌的气敏特性有重要作用。分析讨论了室温下光激活纳米氧化锌气敏的机理。     

Sn掺杂ZnO薄膜的室温气敏性能及其气敏机理

采用化学气相沉积方法在预制好电极的玻璃基底上制备出Sn掺杂ZnO薄膜和纯ZnO薄膜. 两种样品典型的形貌为四足状ZnO晶须, 其直径约为150-400 nm, 呈疏松状结构. 气敏测试结果显示Sn掺杂ZnO薄膜具有优良的室温气敏性, 并对乙醇具有良好的气敏选择性, 而纯ZnO薄膜在室温条件下对乙醇和丙酮均没有气敏响应. X射线衍射结果表明两种样品均为六方纤锌矿结构. Sn掺杂ZnO样品中没有出现Sn及其氧化物的衍射峰, 其衍射结果与纯ZnO样品对比, 衍射峰向小角度偏移. 光致发光结果表明, Sn掺杂ZnO薄膜与纯ZnO薄膜均出现紫外发光峰和缺陷发光峰, 但是Sn的掺杂使得ZnO的缺陷发光峰明显增强. 将Sn掺杂ZnO样品在空气中退火后, 其室温气敏性消失, 说明Sn掺杂ZnO样品的室温气敏性可能与其缺陷含量高有关. 采用自由电子散射模型解释了Sn掺杂ZnO薄膜的室温气敏机理.     

银纳米颗粒/多孔硅复合材料的制备与气敏性能研究

采用双槽电化学腐蚀法以电阻率为10-15 Ω·cm的p型<100>晶向的单晶硅片制备了孔径约为1.5 μm, 孔深约为15-20 μm的p型多孔硅, 并以此多孔硅作为基底采用无电沉积法通过调控沉积时间在其表面沉积了不同厚度的银纳米颗粒薄膜. 采用扫描电子显微镜和X 射线衍射仪表征了银纳米颗粒/多孔硅复合材料的形貌和微观结构, 结果表明银纳米颗粒较均匀的分布于多孔硅的表面上且沉积时间对产物的形貌有重要影响. 采用静态配气法在室温下研究了银纳米颗粒/多孔硅复合材料对NH₃的气敏性能. 气敏测试结果表明沉积时间对产物的气敏性能影响较大. 当沉积时间较短时, 适量银纳米颗粒掺杂的多孔硅复合材料由于其较高的比表面积以及特殊的形貌和结构, 对NH₃气体表现出较高的灵敏度、优良的响应/恢复性能. 室温下, 其对50 ppm 的NH₃气体的气敏灵敏度可以达到5.8左右.     

含水量对TiO_2纳米管形貌控制参数的影响

以不同含水量的乙二醇溶液为电解液,采用阳极氧化法制备TiO2纳米管阵列。通过记录反应过程中电导率、粘度及回路电流随时间的变化曲线,研究含水量对电解液粘度、电导率及电流等过程参数的影响,分析了纳米管形貌尺寸与TiO2溶蚀所耗电荷量的关系。粘度初始值和初始电导率均与含水量呈三次关系,相关系数分别为0.992 5和0.977 8。在反应过程中,溶液粘度值有缓慢增加的趋势。由于不同含水量的电解液粘度的不同,H+和OH-数量不同,F-迁移速率不同,电导率-时间曲线及电流-时间曲线具有不同的变化趋势,并对其进行了理论分析。当水体积分数为4%,5%,6%和10%时,纳米管的形貌较为有序并且TiO2纳米管阵列表面的碎片较少,纳米管直径变化范围为50nm至72nm,长度变化范围为0.85~1.90μm。F-腐蚀氧化膜时所消耗电量与TiO2氧化膜被腐蚀掉的体积呈一次函数关系,即腐蚀电量越大,腐蚀掉的体积越大,为制备一定形貌尺寸的纳米管提供了一定的控制方法。     

两种不同制备方法的多壁碳纳米管光学性质的对比

分别采用化学气相沉积法和电弧放电法制备了多壁碳纳米管.利用扫描电镜测量了两种不同方法所制备样品的形貌,并在室温下测量了这两种样品的喇曼光谱、吸收光谱和光致发光光谱.结果显示:电弧法所制的纳米管管径较小,且纳米管相互缠绕明显;两种样品的喇曼光谱中均存在D模和G模,但化学气相沉积法制备的碳管的结构更完美,石墨化程度和碳管纯度更高;两种样品都在250 nm处有一个强的吸收峰,当采用共振激发时,两种样品均在480 nm处有带状发射光谱,而用550 nm的光激发时,化学气相沉积法制备的多壁碳纳米管在820 nm处具有光致发光,电弧法制备的样品在此波段则无光致发光.     

萘磺酸掺杂对纳米管结构聚苯胺低温电阻率的影响

通过研究用自组装法制备的萘磺酸掺杂的纳米管结构聚苯胺(苯胺与萘磺酸的摩尔比分别为1∶025,1∶05,1∶1,1∶2,1∶3)的电阻率温度依赖关系(测量温区为80—300K),仔细分析聚苯胺的结构形貌特征,提出了变程跳跃隧道穿透混合模型:认为在萘磺酸掺杂的纳米管结构聚苯胺样品中,跳跃和隧穿两种机制同时起作用,载流子沿纳米管传导是变程跳跃过程起主要作用,而载流子在纳米管之间的传导是隧穿过程起主要作用.实验结果表明,不同浓度的萘磺酸掺杂对样品的低温电阻率的影响很大,随着掺杂浓度增加,载流子传导所需克服的能垒C0迅速减小,当掺杂接近饱和时,C0不再减小.实验中还研究了不同形貌对电阻率的影响,结果表明样品中纳米管所占比例的增大有利于载流子传导 关键词： 聚苯胺 纳米管 低温电阻率     

多孔ZnO微米球的制备及其优异的丙酮敏感特性

以六水合硝酸锌、尿素为原料,以六亚甲基四胺为表面活性剂,利用水热法合成了多孔氧化锌微米球.通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和吸附仪对样品的结构、形貌、比表面积和孔径进行了表征.利用所得多孔微米球氧化锌制备了气敏元件,并对其气敏特性进行了测试.结果表明:在280℃的工作温度下,表面多孔氧化锌微米球气敏元件对50 ppm的丙酮气体的灵敏度为26.8,响应时间和恢复时间分别约为4 s和10 s,并具有良好的选择性.     

铁钝化多孔硅的制备及光致发光机理研究

采用水热腐蚀法在相同环境下制备了不同晶型的铁钝化多孔硅样品。同一样品表面具有相似的孔隙结构,不同样品形貌存在差异。在300 nm光激发下,样品发光峰位于618 nm附近,半高宽约为132 nm。傅立叶红外变换光谱显示样品中有强的Si—Si、Si—O—Si、O y—Si—H x化学键振动吸收。结果表明,水热腐蚀法制备的铁钝化多孔硅表面形貌与腐蚀过程的局域电极分布关系密切。样品的光致发光行为可归因于量子限制-发光中心作用,并受非桥氧空穴发光中心数量影响。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.