1550nm-VCSELs在偏振保持光反馈和正交光注入下的偏振转换特性

基于自旋反转模型,研究了1550 nm垂直腔面发射激光器(1550 nm-VCSELs)在偏振保持光反馈和正交光注入下的偏振转换特性.结果表明:正交光注入下的从激光器会随着注入强度的增加产生偏振转换.在归一化注入电流较小时,改变反馈强度,会使从激光器发生偏振转换的注入强度出现规律不同的变化;改变频率失谐,会使从激光器发生偏振转换的注入强度出现规律相同的变化.     

短外腔偏振旋转光反馈下1550nm垂直腔面发射激光器的动力学特性研究

基于扩展的自旋反转模型,对短外腔偏振旋转光反馈下1550 nm垂直腔面发射激光器的动力学特性进行了数值仿真和理论分析.研究结果表明:增加反馈强度会导致多个偏振开关现象出现,中等反馈强度下呈现丰富的动力学状态,譬如单周期、倍周期、准周期及混沌态,增加注入电流使Y方向线偏振模的工作区域被压缩;随着反馈延迟时间的增加,在弱光反馈时,偏振模跳变现象将会以特定的频率发生,施加中等的反馈强度将会导致模式跳变的频率增加,并且出现各种新的动力学状态,包括拍频单周期、拍频脉冲包络、拍频准周期和拍频混沌态.新动力学行为的出现是由于短外腔区激光器的动力学特性对相位变化非常敏感,从而使外腔模式间的拍频效应发挥了关键作用.此外还发现各种动力学状态之间会伴随模式间的跳变而发生相互跳变.     

可变偏振光注入下1550nm垂直腔面发射激光器的偏振开关及双稳特性

基于自旋反转模型,研究了可变偏振光注入1550 nm垂直腔面发射激光器(VPOI-1550 nm-VCSEL)的偏振开关(PS)及双稳(PB)特性.研究结果表明:对于一自由运行的1550 nm-VCSEL,在给定电流下,激光器中的平行偏振模式(Y偏振模式)激射,而正交偏振模式(X偏振模式)被抑制.引入可变偏振光注入后,在给定频率失谐?ν(定义为注入光与X偏振模式之间的频率差异)的条件下,当注入光偏振角θ_p(定义为注入光的偏振方向与自由运行1550 nm-VCSEL中主导偏振模式的夹角)足够大时,正向扫描(逐渐增加)注入光功率可观察到1550 nm-VCSEL发生Ⅰ类PS,反向扫描(逐渐减小)注入光功率可使1550 nm-VCSEL产生Ⅱ类PS,且两类PS的开关点要求的注入功率不一致,即出现PB现象.对于一确定的频率失谐?ν,随着θ_p的增加,Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类PS开关点对应的注入功率以及PB区宽度都呈现减小的趋势,且|?ν|值越大,尽管Ⅰ类PS的开关点所需注入功率更大,但PB区域更宽;在给定注入功率,对于特定?ν,通过正向及反向扫描θ_p也可观察到VPOI-1550 nm-VCSEL输出功率呈现的PS以及PB现象.当|?ν|较小时,发生Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类PS所要求的θ_p近似相同,因此PB区宽度较窄,而当|?ν|较大时,发生两类PS所需的θ_p以及PB宽度随?ν的变化曲线均呈现较大波动.因此,在1550 nm-VCSEL工作参数给定的条件下,通过调节可变偏振光注入的注入参量,可优化1550 nm-VCSEL呈现的PS及PB特性.     

外腔延时反馈半导体激光器混沌偏振可调控制方法研究

提出外腔延时反馈半导体激光器混沌偏振可调控制方法,分别建立了垂直正交偏振延时双反馈、同偏振面方向延时双反馈以及任意可调偏振延时双反馈激光动力学物理模型. 通过调节激光器外腔光路中的平面镜和光衰减器可控制一平面偏振反馈光的延时时间及光反馈量,或调节一偏振反馈光的偏振面到另一个偏振反馈光的偏振面方向上或者到任意偏振方向都可进行激光混沌控制. 数值结果证明该方法可以控制激光混沌到单周期态、多周期态等,还发现该控制可使激光器同时呈现偏振周期振荡、偏振反周期振荡、稳定三种动力学行为等. 关键词： 混沌 控制 激光器 偏振     

1550nm垂直腔面发射激光器自旋反转模型中关键参量数值的实验确定

自旋反转模型是目前用于分析垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSELs)非线性动力学特性最常用的理论模型,因此该模型中相关参量的取值至关重要.本文基于对自由运行和平行光注入时1550 nm垂直腔面发射激光器(1550 nm-VCSELs)输出特性的实验测量结果,对描述1550 nm-VCSELs特性的SFM中光场衰减速率k、总载流子衰减速率γN、线宽增强因子α,有源介质双折射速率γp、自旋反转速率γs、有源介质线性色散速率γa等关键参量进行了估值.在此基础上,利用所测得的这些关键参量的数值,仿真了1550 nm-VCSELs的相关输出特性,所得结果与实验结果符合.     

单片集成半导体激光器的阵发混沌特性（英文）

实验研究了一种由一个分布反馈半导体激光器、一个相位控制部分和一个半导体光放大器组成的三段式单片集成半导体激光器的动力学特性.采用常规的动力学分析方法,对不同相位控制电流下激光器输出的光谱、时间序列、相图及功率谱进行了分析,考察了其进入混沌的路径及阵发混沌的特性。研究结果表明,在适当的运行参数下,单片集成半导体激光器可呈现混沌态与稳定态随机交替出现的阵发混沌状态输出.在固定分布反馈半导体激光器电流和半导体光放大器电流不变的情况下,连续地增大相位区的电流I_P,单片集成半导体激光器将先后经历稳定态、单周期态、阵发混沌态,最后再回到稳定态的过程.在确定了激光器处于阵发混沌态时相位区电流I_P的取值范围之后,进一步的分析结果表明,随着相位区电流I_P的增加,平均层流时间先减小,达到一个极小值后再迅速增大.     

光注入和光电反馈联合作用下垂直腔表面 发射激光器的动力学特性研究

基于自旋反转模型, 研究了垂直腔表面发射激光器(VCSEL) 在光注入和光电反馈共同作用下的动力学特性. 研究结果表明: 一个受到主VCSEL光注入的副VCSEL, 在同时存在光电正反馈时, 其输出的两个线偏振模式(X和Y偏振模) 可呈现周期、 倍周期、 多周期、 混沌等丰富的动力学状态, 且两偏振模动力学态的演化路径存在差异. 各动力学状态在由反馈强度f与注入强度η 所构成的参数空间的分布区域随着主、 副VCSEL 的频率失谐Δν(Δν=ν_m-ν_s, ν_m, ν_s 分别为主、 副VCSEL自由运行时的振荡频率) 的变化而发生改变. 当Δν为正失谐时, 呈现混沌的区域相比零失谐和负失谐时有明显的扩展, 即副VCSEL能在更大的参数范围内实现混沌输出. 对于特定的频率失谐, 分析了光电正反馈强度f和光注入强度η对混沌输出带宽的影响. 通过合理选择反馈强度以及注入强度, 可使副VCSEL混沌输出带宽显著增加.     

光电负反馈下1550nm垂直腔表面发射激光器的动力学特性

基于激光输出的时间序列、功率谱以及相图,对1 550 nm垂直腔表面发射激光器(1 550 nmVCSELs)在光电负反馈作用下的动力学特性进行了研究.结果表明:固定偏置电流,在不同反馈强度下,光电负反馈1 550 nm VCSEL可呈现规则脉冲态、准周期态、混沌脉冲态等非线性动力学态;固定反馈强度,偏置电流取不同值时.1 550 nm-VCSEL也可呈现脉冲态、准周期态、混沌脉冲态等不同的非线性动力学状态.给出了1 550 nm VCSEL非线性动力学状态在偏置电流和反馈强度构成的参量空间分布.分析了激光器的动态演化路径,结果表明:在较小偏置电流和弱光电反馈下,激光器主要工作在稳态:随着偏置电流增加,激光器输出的动力学态通常随反馈强度的增加以规则脉冲态-准周期态-规则脉冲态的方式循环演化到混沌脉冲态;当偏置电流增加到一定值后,激光器输出的动力学态随反馈强度的增加主要以规则脉冲态准周期态混沌脉冲态的方式循环演化.     

基于双光反馈垂直腔面发射激光器的双信道混沌同步通信

利用双光反馈垂直腔面发射半导体激光器(VCSELs) 两个正交偏振模式输出的两个混沌信号作为混沌载波, 构建了一个双信道的混沌保密通信系统, 并对该系统的通信性能进行了数值仿真研究.研究结果表明: 通过合理的选取反馈参量, 双光反馈VCSELs两个偏振模式输出的混沌信号能很好地隐藏外腔反馈延时特性; 双光反馈VCSEL两个偏振模式输出的混沌信号通过偏振保持注入到接收VCSEL中, 在强注入锁定条件下可以实现很好的混沌同步, 同步性能对频率失谐的容忍性随着注入强度的增加而加强; 在附加混沌调制加密方式下, 500 Mbit/s的信号在传输过程中能够得到很好的隐藏, 同时在接收端可以成功解调; 随着通信速率的增加, Q因子呈现下降的趋势, 但对于 6 Gbit/s的信息, Q因子仍大于6. 关键词： 垂直腔面发射激光器 双光反馈 双信道 混沌通信     

基于偏振旋转耦合1550nm垂直腔面发射激光器环形系统产生多路高质量混沌信号

提出了一种基于三个单向偏振旋转耦合1550 nm垂直腔面发射激光器(1550 nm-VCSELs)构成的环形系统获取多路高质量混沌信号的方案.利用自旋反转模型,数值研究了该环形系统中三个VCSELs的偏振分辨非线性动力学特性;利用自相关和互信息方法讨论了注入强度和频率失谐对三个VCSELs中各偏振分量输出时间序列的时延特征(TDS)的影响.研究结果表明:通过选择合适的注入强度和频率失谐,三个VCSELs均可同时输出X-偏振分量(X-PC)和Y-偏振分量(Y-PC)的平均功率可比拟的混沌信号,而且这些混沌信号的TDS通过进一步优化耦合参数可得到较好的抑制.在此基础上,进一步对三个VCSELs输出的六路混沌信号之间的相关性进行了分析,给出了除同一VCSEL输出的X-PC与Y-PC之间存在较强的相关性外其他信号之前关联性较弱的参数范围.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.