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1.
用水热法得到的钛酸纳米纤维前体,通过不同后处理方法合成了多种纳米结构的TiO2.采用N2等温吸附和BET比表面、X射线衍射、透射电镜和能量分散X射线分析表征了TiO2及负载Ru催化剂的微结构,包括比表面、晶相结构和形貌以及Ru纳米颗粒尺寸分布等.对负载Ru催化剂在富氢条件下CO选择甲烷化反应活性测试表明:金红石相TiO2和TiO2-B为载体负载的Ru催化剂比锐钛矿相TiO2负载的Ru催化剂表现出更高的反应性能.其活性区别说明了不同晶相结构和形貌TiO2载体与Ru纳米颗粒的相互作用存在差异.  相似文献   

2.
采用水热法以HF作为结构调控剂合成了主要暴露(001)面的锐钛矿TiO2纳米片,通过光沉积方法分别合成了负载Ru和RuO2物种的光催化剂。利用X射线衍射、透射电镜和氢气程序升温还原等分析表征了催化剂的结构性质。通过光解水产氧反应来研究催化剂的催化性能,详细考察了Ru含量、负载方式以及氧化和还原处理等因素的影响,光解水产氧速率的差异证明了Ru物种在不同晶面的电荷-空穴分离效应。与负载单一助催化剂的Ru/TiO2和RuO2/TiO2样品相比,活性最优的0.5%Ru-1.0%RuO2/TiO2样品由于负载了双助催化剂,其催化活性得到更大的提高,证实了在锐钛矿TiO2上的晶面电荷-空穴分离效应.  相似文献   

3.
使用了一种具有较大通用性的方法制备了金属/二氧化钛(TiO2)核壳纳米结构. 采用电沉积方法在多孔氧化铝模板(AAO)孔洞中沉积壁厚均一的TiO2纳米管,TiO2纳米管的壁厚可以通过沉积时间来控制,而纳米管的直径和长度则由模板孔洞大小和模板厚度决定. 采用这种方法制备的TiO2纳米管顶端是开放的,而底端连接在电沉积前溅射在AAO模板背面的金膜上. 这种TiO2纳米管阵列结构适合进行二次电沉积,以它为模板将Pd、Cu、Fe等金属沉积到纳米管中形成核壳纳米棒结构. 这是一种可以用于制备多种金属/TiO2核壳纳米结构的通用方法,采用这种方法制备的金属/TiO2核壳纳米棒结构具有填充率高和取向性好的特点,而且它们的壁厚和长度可以通过分别改变两步电沉积的时间来控制.  相似文献   

4.
吴雪炜  吴大建  刘晓峻 《物理学报》2010,59(7):4788-4793
利用X射线衍射谱、拉曼光谱和紫外-可见光吸收光谱研究了硼(氮、氟)掺杂对TiO2纳米颗粒光学性能的影响.X射线衍射谱和拉曼光谱结果表明,掺硼(氮、氟)对TiO2纳米颗粒的锐钛矿相晶体结构无明显影响,而其锐钛矿晶格出现畸变(c/a值增大),这被归因于掺杂原子对TiO2纳米颗粒表面氧原子缺位沿晶格c轴方向的占据.另外,掺硼(氮、氟)TiO2纳米颗粒吸收带红移与TiO相似文献   

5.
在SiO2玻璃衬底上用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)技术,分别沉积Ti和Ti/Al膜,经电化学阳极氧化成功制备了多孔TiO2/SiO2和TiO2/Al/SiO2纳米复合结构. 其中TiO2薄膜上的微孔阵列高度有序,分布均匀. 实验研究了Al过渡层对多孔TiO2薄膜光吸收特性的影响. 结果表明:无Al过渡层的多孔TiO2薄膜其紫外吸收峰在27  相似文献   

6.
Pt单原子在低温CO氧化反应中具有很高的催化活性. 利用扫描隧道显微术与密度泛函理论,研究了Pt单原子在还原性TiO2(110)表面的吸附行为及其与CO和O2分子的相互作用. 研究发现在80 K低温下,TiO2表面的氧空位缺陷是Pt单原子的最优吸附位. 将CO和O2分子分别通入Pt单原子吸附后的TiO2表面,研究相应的吸附构型. 实验表明在低覆盖度下,单个Pt原子会俘获一个CO分子,CO分子同时与表面次近邻的五配位Ti原子(Ti5c)成键,进而形成非对称的Pt-CO 复合物构型. 将样品从80 K升温到100 K后,TiO2表面的CO分子会迁移到Pt-CO处形成Pt-(CO)2的复合结构. 对于O2分子,单个Pt原子同样会吸附一个O2分子,O2分子也会与最近邻或次近邻的Ti5c原子成键形成两种Pt-O2构型. 这些结果在单分子尺度上揭示了CO和O2与Pt单原子的相互作用,呈现了CO与O2反应中的初始状态.  相似文献   

7.
采用聚苯乙烯小球修饰Ti片表面,并进行阳极氧化,制备出一种由纳米颗粒和纳米管构成的TiO2膜.通过数值模拟,分析了氧化表面附近的局部电场分布对TiO2膜形貌的影响.结果表明,覆盖物增强了局部电场,从而加快了O2-与Ti的反应速率,有利于TiO2的生长;与此同时,[TiF6]6-的扩散受到阻碍,使得TiO2的溶解速率减慢.可见,覆盖物打破了TiO2纳米管形成的平衡条件,导致纳米颗粒的生成.此外,通过X射线衍射和Raman光谱的测试分析发现,所制备的TiO2为锐钛矿结构.  相似文献   

8.
本文采用微纳加工方法制备了负载高密度Ag-Cu纳米颗粒的N掺杂TiO2纳米棒阵列样品. 通过TiO2的N掺杂,可将其吸光范围调控至与Ag纳米颗粒的等离激元吸收频率相匹配的波段,从而实现复合材料中肖特基结与共振能量转移过程的协同作用. 与此同时,Cu纳米颗粒可以为CO2还原提供活性位点. 在全谱光照射下,复合样品光催化CO2还原的活性显著提高,CH4生成速率可达720 μmol·g-1·h-1.  相似文献   

9.
采用计时电流法制备了负载Zn纳米粒子的TiO2纳米管阵列电极.通过阳极氧化法制备TiO2纳米管阵列电极,然后通过控制计时电流沉积时间来控制负载在TiO2纳米管上Zn纳米颗粒的沉积量和 沉积尺寸.SEM和XRD分析结果显示,沉积时间为3~5 s时,负载在TiO2纳米管上的Zn粒子的直径为15~25 nm.UV漫反射光谱发现负载Zn的TiO2纳米管阵列电极比没有负载的样品吸收487~780 nm的光更强;在高压汞灯照射下,前者比后者的光电流响应提高了50%.  相似文献   

10.
利用第一性原理计算了立方相萤石TiO2的晶胞参数,能带结构和电子态密度.结果显示萤石TiO2属于间接带隙半导体材料,其间接禁带宽度(ΓX)Eg为2.07eV,比常见的金红石和锐钛矿TiO2的禁带宽度窄.为了更清楚地了解萤石的光学性质,利用Kramers-Kronig色散关系,分别对萤石和金红石TiO2的复介电常数、吸收率等参数进行了计算,并将二者结果做了  相似文献   

11.
Au/TiO2/Ru(0 0 0 1) model catalysts and their interaction with CO were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and different surface spectroscopies. Thin titanium oxide films were prepared by Ti deposition on Ru(0 0 0 1) in an O2 atmosphere and subsequent annealing in O2. By optimizing the conditions for deposition and post-treatment, smooth films were obtained either as fully oxidized TiO2 or as partly reduced TiOx, depending on the preparation conditions. CO adsorbed molecularly on both oxidized and reduced TiO2, with slightly stronger bonding on the reduced films. Model catalyst surfaces were prepared by depositing submonolayer quantities of Au on the films and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a weak interaction between the Au and the TiO2 substrate was found. At 100 K CO adsorption occurred on both the TiO2 film and on the Au nanoparticles. CO desorbed from the Au particles with activation energies between 53 and 65 kJ/mol, depending on the Au coverage. If the Au deposit was annealed to 770 K prior to CO exposure, the CO adsorption energy decreased significantly. STM measurements revealed that the Au particles grow upon annealing, but are not encapsulated by TiOx suboxides. The higher CO adsorption energy observed for smaller Au coverages and before annealing is attributed to a significantly stronger interaction of CO with mono- and bilayer Au islands, while for higher particles, the adsorption energy becomes more bulk-like. The implications of these effects on the known particle size effects in CO oxidation over supported Au/TiO2 catalysts are discussed.  相似文献   

12.
Au nanoparticles deposited on mesoporous TiO2-B nanofibers have been prepared, characterized, and used to catalyze photoreactions of iodomethane. High-density gold-particle deposition on TiO2-B is obtained by electrostatic and/or chemical force between the particles of TiO2-B and Au capped with -SC(H)(CO2H)(CH2CO2H) through pH control. The capping groups on the gold particles can be removed after 400 °C calcination. It is found that the nature of the inorganic acids used for pH adjustment has effects on particle morphology and deposition. Two other methods, i.e., preparation of TiO2-B nanofibers in the presence of gold particles and preparation of gold nanoparticles in the presence of TiO2-B particles (deposition-precipitation method), are also investigated. However, the former method produces a low-density deposition and the latter one induces a morphology change of the TiO2-B and an increase of the Au in size. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been employed to study and to compare the photoreactions of CH3I on TiO2-B and Au/TiO2-B and the effect of O2. The presence of gold particles on TiO2-B increases the efficiency of CH3I photodegradation, forming adsorbed methoxy and formate. The role of gold is also discussed.  相似文献   

13.
Three Cu/ZnO/ZrO2/Al2O3 methanol reforming catalysts were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The catalysts which contained ZrO2 from a monoclinic nanoparticle ZrO2 precursor exhibit both a higher activity toward the methanol steam reforming reaction and a lower CO production rate compared to catalysts composed of an XRD-amorphous ZrO2 produced by impregnation using a Zr(NO3)2 precursor. The presence of a monoclinic phase appears to result in an increased charge transfer between the Zr and Cu species, as evidenced by a relatively electron-rich ZrO2 phase and a partially oxidized Cu species on reduced catalysts. This electron deficient Cu species is more reactive toward the methanol reforming reaction and partially suppresses CO formation through the reverse water gas shift or methanol decomposition reactions.  相似文献   

14.
The ceria-zirconium-modified alumina-supported palladium catalysts are prepared using impregnation method with H2PdCl4 as Pd source, hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent. The physicochemical properties of these catalysts are characterized by BET surface area (BET), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and temperature programmed oxidation (O2-TPO) techniques, and their catalytic activities for the combustion of methane are examined. The results show that the palladium mainly exist in a highly dispersed PdO species on Ce-Zr-rich grains as well as Al2O3-rich grains surfaces, and a stable PdO species due to the strong interaction between PdO and CeO2-ZrO2 on the Ce-Zr/Al2O3 surfaces. The catalytic activity is strongly related to the redox behavior of PdO species highly dispersed on Ce-Zr-rich grains and Al2O3-rich grains surfaces, and the higher the reducibility of the PdO species, the higher the catalytic activity. The presence of Ce-Zr in Pd/Al2O3 catalyst would inhibit the site growth of PdOx particles and decomposition of PdO to Pd0, and the reoxidation property of Pd0 to PdOx is significantly improved, which obviously increases thermal stability and catalytic activity of Pd/Ce-Zr/Al2O3 catalyst for the methane combustion.  相似文献   

15.
Binary Al2O3/SiO2-coated rutile TiO2 composites were prepared by a liquid-phase deposition method starting from Na2SiO3·9H2O and NaAlO2. The chemical structure and morphology of binary Al2O3/SiO2 coating layers were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, TG-DSC, Zeta potential, powder X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Binary Al2O3/SiO2 coating layers both in amorphous phase were formed at TiO2 surfaces. The silica coating layers were anchored at TiO2 surfaces via Si-O-Ti bonds and the alumina coating layers were probably anchored at the SiO2-coated TiO2 surfaces via Al-O-Si bonds. The formation of continuous and dense binary Al2O3/SiO2 coating layers depended on the pH value of reaction solution and the alumina loading. The binary Al2O3/SiO2-coated TiO2 composites had a high dispersibility in water. The whiteness and brightness of the binary Al2O3/SiO2-coated TiO2 composites were higher than those of the naked rutile TiO2 and the SiO2-coated TiO2 samples. The relative light scattering index was found to depend on the composition of coating layers.  相似文献   

16.
以传统的浸渍法,在不同焙烧温度下制备了用于CO氧化反应的Co3O4/SiO2催化剂.通过激光拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)和X射线吸收精细结构谱(XAFS)表征了该系列催化剂的结构.在所有的催化剂中,XRD和Raman光谱都只检测到了Co3O4晶相的存在.与Co3O4体相相比,XPS结果表明在200 oC焙烧的(Co3O4(200)/SiO2)催化剂中Co3O4表面上存在着过量的Co2+.与XPS的结果一致,TPR结果表明Co3O4(200)/SiO2催化剂中Co3O4表面上存在氧缺陷, 并且XAFS结果也表明Co3O4(200)/SiO2催化剂中Co3O4具有更多的Co2+.提高焙烧温度使得过量的Co2+进一步氧化为Co3+,同时降低了表面氧缺陷浓度,从而得到计量比的Co3O44/SiO2催化剂.在所有的负载催化剂中Co3O4(200)/SiO2催化剂表现出了最好的CO氧化催化性能,表明过量Co2+和表面氧缺陷的存在能够促进Co3O4催化CO氧化反应的活性.  相似文献   

17.
In the current work, TiO2 nanotube array was prepared via electrochemical anode method. Then the Bi2O3 nanoparticles were deposited onto the TiO2 nanotube array via dip-coating method from an amorphous complex precursor. The crystal structures were characterized via X-ray diffraction analysis. Their surface textures were observed via electron-scanning microscope. The prepared composite array electrode exhibited high photoelectrocatalytic activities towards degrading organic contaminants under visible light irradiation. High photoelectrocatalytic activities were also exhibited under UV light irradiation. The catalytic mechanism was discussed based on the analysis of electrochemical and degradation kinetics results. It is suggested a P (Bi2O3)-N (TiO2) junction was formed to increase the catalytic activates. The stability of the electrode materials was confirmed finally.  相似文献   

18.
The diamond abrasive particles were coated with the TiO2/Al2O3 film by the sol-gel technique. Compared with the uncoated diamonds, the TiO2/Al2O3 film was excellent material for the protection of the diamonds. The results showed that the incipient oxidation temperature of the TiO2/Al2O3 film coated diamonds in air atmosphere was 775 °C, which was higher 175 °C than that of the uncoated diamonds. And the coated diamonds also had better the diamond's single particle compressive strength and the impact toughness than that of uncoated diamonds after sintering at 750 °C. For the vitrified bond grinding wheels, replacing the uncoated diamonds with the TiO2/Al2O3 film coated diamonds, the volume expansion of the grinding wheels decreased from 6.2% to 3.4%, the porosity decreased from 35.7% to 25.7%, the hardness increased from 61.2HRC to 66.5HRC and the grinding ratio of the vitrified bond grinding wheels to carbide alloy (YG8) increased from 11.5 to 19.1.  相似文献   

19.
The effects of laser remelting on microstructure of nanostructured Al2O3-13 wt.% TiO2 ceramic coatings prepared by plasma spraying with agglomerated powders were studied. The microstructure of the feedstock, as-sprayed and laser-remelted coatings were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The results indicate that the plasma-sprayed ceramic coating consists of both fully melted regions and partially melted regions. The totally ceramic coating, especially the fully melted regions, has a typical plasma-sprayed lamellar-like structure as the conventional coating, and has some pores. According to the difference of microstructures, the partially melted regions can be divided into liquid-phase sintered regions (a three-dimensional net or skeleton-like structure: Al2O3-rich submicron particles embedded in the TiO2-rich matrix) and solid-phase sintered regions (remained nanoparticles). The lamellar defect of the as-sprayed coating is erased, and the compactness of the coating is improved significantly after laser remelting. The laser-remelted region composed of fine equiaxed grains, which are different from the conventional column-like crystals along the direction of the heat current. Due to the rapid solidification of laser remelting process, there are still some nanoparticles in the remelted region because of an insufficient time for grains growth.  相似文献   

20.
Al2O3/TiO2 bi-layer films on aluminium substrates have been obtained by combining anodising and TiO2 sol-gel deposition. The reflectivity enhancing properties of these Al2O3/TiO2 bi-layer films have been studied in relation to the refractive index and thickness of the Al2O3 and TiO2 single-layers. It is shown that a significant improvement of reflectivity can be achieved by a proper optimisation of the bi-layer elaboration parameters.  相似文献   

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