无限流体中孔隙介质圆柱周向导波的传播特性

为研究无限大流体约束的孔隙圆柱中周向导波的传播规律,分析孔隙参数对导波传播特性的影响,建立了无限流体中孔隙介质圆柱的理论模型,利用孔隙介质弹性波动理论,建立了周向导波频散方程,通过数值模拟计算得到无限流体中孔隙介质圆柱的频散曲线,探讨了圆柱半径和孔隙参数对导波传播特性的影响,并对导波的衰减特性进行了分析;通过数值计算,得到了周向导波的时域波形,讨论了孔隙参数对波形的影响.结果表明,孔隙介质圆柱半径的改变影响圆柱尺度,孔隙度的改变影响孔隙介质中体声波的波速,都对周向导波频散曲线产生一定的影响,所得到的频散曲线特征及衰减曲线与时域波形吻合.研究结果对开展无限流体中孔隙介质圆柱的超声无损评价提供了一定的理论参考.     

孔隙介质包裹的充液管道结构中导波传播特性

研究孔隙介质包裹的充液管道中纵向导波传播特性,分析孔隙介质参数对频散曲线的影响。建立了孔隙介质包裹充液管道的结构模型,利用孔隙介质弹性波动理论,建立对应的频散方程,数值模拟计算得到该模型的频散曲线和时域波形,并分析了孔隙介质参数以及管壁厚度对频散曲线的影响。结果表明孔隙介质的渗透率对于导波频散的影响较小,孔隙度的改变对时域波形的位移幅度影响较大。同时,导波存在衰减,且衰减随孔隙度增大而增大。所得结论为埋地管道无损检测方面提供一定理论参考。      

曲线坐标系下孔隙介质圆柱纵向表面波的传播特性

为了研究孔隙介质圆柱纵向表面波的传播规律,分析其频散和衰减特性,在正交曲线坐标系下建立了表面波的频散方程,通过数值计算得到频散曲线,将纵向导波最低模态与表面波进行对比,并分析了曲率半径及孔隙参数对表面波频散和衰减的影响。结果表明,当频率足够大时,导波最低模态的频散曲线与表面波近似;在同一频率下,表面波的相速度随曲率半径的增大而增大,随孔隙度的增大而减小;表面波的衰减随孔隙度的增大而增大。研究结果为开展孔隙介质圆柱结构的超声无损评价提供了一定的理论参考。     

流体-孔隙介质圆柱界面波传播特性

研究流体-孔隙介质圆柱界面波传播特性,分析孔隙介质孔隙率等参数对频散曲线的影响。理论上建立了无限大流体包裹孔隙介质圆柱界面波的模型,利用孔隙介质弹性波动理论,通过数值模拟计算得到流体-孔隙介质圆柱的频散曲线及时域波形,并分析了孔隙介质为开孔和闭孔状态下孔隙介质圆柱半径、孔隙率及渗透率对频散曲线的影响。结果表明,时域上斯通利波可以被明显区分开,孔隙介质圆柱半径的变化改变了圆柱尺度,孔隙率的变化改变了孔隙介质的纵、横波波速,因此对于斯通利波频散曲线的影响较大。而渗透率的变化既不改变圆柱的尺度也不改变孔隙层的纵、横波速度,因此对斯通利波频散曲线影响较小。      

非均匀饱含黏性流体孔隙介质中声波传播及井孔声场分析

声波在饱含流体孔隙介质中的传播特性与流体的黏滞性及孔隙介质的非均匀性密切相关.本文在Biot理论基础上,考虑了孔隙流体的剪切应力及孔隙结构的非均匀性,采用含黏性流体孔隙介质中的波动理论,研究了孔隙介质中四种体波的频散和衰减特性,分析了慢横波对快纵波转换散射的影响,进一步推导了孔隙地层井孔中的模式波及其声场的解析解,研究了非均匀孔隙介质中井孔模式波和波列的特征.研究结果表明,含黏性流体孔隙介质中存在慢横波,慢横波的频散很强,其传播特征受到介质孔隙度、渗透率及孔隙流体黏度的影响.在非均匀孔隙介质中,与慢横波相关的剪切应力平衡过程不仅导致快纵波的频散和衰减,还会影响井孔伪瑞利波及斯通利波的传播特征.本文的工作完善了孔隙介质中声波传播的物理机制,为孔隙地层井孔声波的解释与应用提供了理论指导.     

含孔隙分层半空间中瑞利波的传播特性研究

为了研究含孔隙介质分层半空间中瑞利波的传播规律,分析孔隙介质参数对瑞利波频散曲线的影响,本文进行了数值模拟研究。采用传递矩阵算法,计算了含孔隙分层半空间中一定频率范围内瑞利波所有模式的频散及激发强度曲线,并与均匀弹性固体分层半空间情况作了类比分析,在含孔隙覆盖层的两层模型和含低速孔隙夹层的三层模型下,详细研究了孔隙度、渗透率、层厚度等参数对瑞利波各模式的影响,发现孔隙度及层厚度的变化对频散曲线影响较大,而渗透率的变化对频散曲线影响较小。     

基于Biot-喷射流统一模型Maxwell流体饱和孔隙介质中的弹性波

推广Biot-Tsiklauri声学模型的同时借鉴Dvorkin和Nur的工作,建立了具有任意孔径分布并顾及喷射流动机制的非牛顿流体饱和孔隙介质声学模型,研究了非牛顿流体(Maxwell流体)饱和孔隙介质中的弹性波的衰减和频散特性.着重讨论充孔隙Maxwell流体的非牛顿流效应对弹性波的频散和衰减的影响.研究表明,饱和流体的非牛顿流效应和喷射流动机制均是引起弹性波波频散和衰减的重要因素.依据非牛顿流体(Maxwell流体)饱和各向同性孔隙介质的Biot-喷射流声学模型,喷射流动只影响纵波的频散和衰减,而饱和流体的非牛顿流效应不仅影响纵波,而且还影响横波的频散和衰减.     

沿均匀无限介质中固体杆传播的导波特性研究

针对均匀无限固体介质包围的无限长固体杆,研究了沿固体杆传播的导波的频散和激发特性。在理论分析的基础上,用二分法快速求取了导波所有模式的频散曲线,在4种介质参数下,对斯东利模式和简正模式进行了深入的分析和总结;研究了固体杆中导波的激发强度特性,分别在对称点源、轴向力源和径向力源激励下,研究了导波诸模式的激发机理及频谱特性,分析了不同频段导波的主导模式,研究了主导模式的频响特性及位移径向分布关系。     

层状半空间中导波的传播

研究了在弹性层状半空间中传播的导波的频散及激发机制,分别在含有两层和三层介质情况下,详细分析了对称点源激发的所有可能存在的导波模式的传播特性以及它们与介质参数的相互关系,研究了表面波和能陷波的激发与传播机理。对于速度递增的介质,可存在多个模式,但对于速度递减的介质模型,至多只存在一个导波模式。在含有低速夹层情况下,存在沿低速层传播的能陷模式。能陷波和表面波的传播特性不仅与介质参数有关,而且还与声源频率有关。     

无限长粘弹性圆柱管中轴对称波的传播模式和衰减

在Kelvin-Voigt线性粘弹性模型框架内研究了无限长粘弹性圆柱管中轴对称波的传播和衰减。通过一个复根搜索程序对频散方程的求解得到无量纲化相速度频散曲线和衰减曲线。比较了引入损耗因子后粘弹性圆柱管与弹性圆柱管中轴对称波传播的特性。给出了圆柱管的外内径之比、损耗因子和材料参数对相速度和衰减的影响。分析结果表明与弹性圆柱管相比粘弹性圆柱管中轴对称波的各阶传播模式均存在衰减,高阶传播模式并无严格意义的截止频率。损耗因子对第一阶传播模式的相速度影响很小,而对衰减的影响则比较大,穿孔率对波传播的相速度和衰减有相当大的影响。     

Interface wave propagation characteristics of liquid-immersed porous cylinder

This paper devotes to investigate the propagation characteristics of the interface wave on the liquid-immersed porous cylinder, and special emphasis is paid on the dependence of the dispersion relation on the porous media parameters. A model of liquid-immersed porous cylinder is established theoretically. Based on the elastic-dynamic theory of liquid-saturated porous solid and wave theory, the dispersion curves and transient response of open-pores and sealed-pores are simulated numerically, and their dependence on the cylinder radius and porous medium parameters are analyzed. The results show that the Stoneley-Scholte wave can be clearly distinguished with other waves in the time domain, and the Stoneley-Scholte wave dispersion relates intimately with the porosity of the porous medium and cylinder radius, whilst the permeability of the media has little effect on the dispersion property.     

Propagation characteristics of guided waves in a liquid filled pipe embedded in a porous medium

A model of a liquid-filled pipe embedded in a porous medium is built to research its wave propagation characteristics,and to analyze the effect of the parameters of porous media on the dispersion.The dispersion equations are established on the basis of the elastic-dynamic theory of the liquid-saturated porous solid.The characteristic of dispersion and the time domain waveform in pipes of different thicknesses and with different porous-medium parameters are discussed theoretically and numerically.Results reveal that the porosity has little impact on dispersion,and the attenuation of guided wave increases with porosity,whilst the porosity influences the displacement amplitude of the time domain waveform.It is hard to detect the permeability variation of the media by the dispersion.The drawn conclusion can provide some theoretical instruction and guidance for the nondestructive testing of buried pipe.     

Effect of porous surface layer on wave propagation in elastic cylinder immersed in fluid

To study the damage to an elastic cylinder immersed in fluid, a model of an elastic cylinder wrapped with a porous medium immersed in fluid is designed. This structure can both identify the properties of guided waves in a more practical model and address the relationship between the cylinder damage degree and the surface and surrounding medium. The principal motivation is to perform a detailed quantitative analysis of the longitudinal mode and flexural mode in an elastic cylinder wrapped with a porous medium immersed in fluid. The frequency equations for the propagation of waves are derived each for a pervious surface and an impervious surface by employing Biot theory. The influences of the various parameters of the porous medium wrapping layer on the phase velocity and attenuation are discussed. The results show that the influences of porosity on the dispersion curves of guided waves are much more significant than those of thickness, whereas the phase velocity is independent of the static permeability. There is an apparent "mode switching" between the two low-order modes. The characteristics of attenuation are in good agreement with the results from the dispersion curves. This work can support future studies for optimizing the theory on detecting the damage to cylinder or pipeline.     

Propagation characteristics of guided waves in a rod surrounded by an infinite solid medium

The dispersion and excitation characteristics of the guided waves in a rod surrounded by an infinite solid medium (cladding) are investigated. First, the bisection technique is employed to find all the roots of the dispersion function on the basis of theoretical analysis and to obtain the complex phase and group velocity dispersion curves of the guided modes. Second, according to their different dispersion characteristics, the guided modes are divided into two categories: normal modes and Stoneley modes. And it is concluded that the normal modes merely exist in the “hard cladding” model in which the cladding’s shear velocity is larger than the rod’s; while the Stoneley modes in cylindrical interface are highly dispersive and merely exist in the model whose acoustical parameters satisfied the existence condition of the Stoneley waves. Third, the seldom discussed issue, the excitation mechanisms of the guided waves, excited by three source models: symmetric point source, axial and radial force sources, are simulated respectively. Attention is paid on the dominant mode which has better excitation sensitivity and the suitable excitation frequency range. Moreover, the propagation characteristics of the Stoneley modes, ignored in previous references, are analyzed and compared with those of the normal modes.     

含少量气泡流体饱和孔隙介质中的弹性波

考虑孔隙流体中含有少量气泡,且气泡在声波作用下线性振动,研究声波在这种孔隙介质中的传播特性.本文先由流体质量守恒方程和孔隙度微分与流体压力微分的关系推导出了含有气泡形式的渗流连续性方程;在处理渗流连续性方程中的气体体积分数时间导数时,应用Commander气泡线性振动理论导出气体体积分数时间导数与流体压强时间导数的关系,进而得到了修正的Biot形式的渗流连续性方程;最后结合Biot动力学方程求得了含气泡形式的位移场方程,便可得到两类纵波及一类横波的声学特性.通过对快、慢纵波的频散、衰减及两类波引起的流体位移与固体位移关系的考察,发现少量气泡的存在对快纵波和慢纵波的传播特性影响较大.     

Guided waves in a stratified half-space

The dispersion and excitation mechanisms and the energy distribution of guided waves in a stratified half-space are studied. All possible guided waves excited by a symmetric point source in two or three-layer medium models and their relation to the medium parameters are analyzed in detail. The excitation and propagation characteristics, as well as the energy distribution along the depth direction, of all modes of the surface waves and trapped waves are numerically investigated and analyzed thoroughly not only in the case when the shear wave velocity increases from up to down layers but also when a low-velocity layer is contained in halfspace, especially when the shear wave velocity decreases from up to down layers. It is found that there exist many guided wave modes in the case where the shear wave velocity of each layer increases from up to down layers. However, there is less than one guided wave mode in the case where the shear wave velocity of each layer decreases from up to down layers. The trapped waves exist and propagate along the low-velocity structure in the stratified half-space. It is also found that the characteristic of a mode is related to the source frequency. It is possible that a surface wave at one value of frequency is like a trapped wave at another value of frequency. Finally, the relation of the characteristics of all guided waves (surface waves and trapped waves) to the parameters of media is studied.