线性调频叉指换能器辐射声功率流的不对称分配

利用声波引起的光衍射现象检测叉指换能器激发的声场分布的简单光探针技术,对YZ-LiNbO_3晶体表面几种不同参量的等指长线性调频叉指换能器向两端辐射声功率流的不对称分配进行了实验研究。并利用Smith等效电路模型,考虑叉指电极引起表面阻抗不连续而产生的指间多次反射效应,对上述问题进行了数值计算。实验测量和理论计算的结果基本上符合,并由此得出了几点简单的结论。同时也提出了值得进一步深入研究和改进的问题。     

铁镓单晶Janus-Helmholtz换能器

针对深水、低频、宽带换能器的技术需求,结合Janus-Helmholtz换能器的结构特点和铁镓单晶材料低场应变大及机械强度高的特性,提出了铁镓单晶Janus-Helmholtz换能器设计方案。采用永磁偏磁场和环形闭合磁路,建立了一系列铁镓单晶磁致伸缩换能器理论分析模型,包括对磁致伸缩材料参数进行线性化处理,设计了换能器最佳工作点,结合静态磁场和动态磁场分布情况分段细化换能器驱动等效参数,以及利用全阻抗模型通过电感损耗等效计算换能器静态阻抗,然后通过二维有限元分析等效模型,优化分析了换能器的结构参数与电声性能。最后制作了换能器样机,并进行了测试与分析。对比仿真和测试结果表明:全阻抗模型得到的阻抗曲线与样机测试结果相一致,有限元等效模型计算的发送电流响应与样机测试结果良好吻合。换能器样机水中谐振基频为1000 Hz,谐振频率下发送电流响应176.4 dB;在875～2300 Hz频率范围内,发送电流响应起伏不大于6 dB;增加驱动电流有效值到16.2 A,最大声源级可以达到196.2 dB。     

声表面波四相单向叉指换能器

四相单向换能器与三相单向换能器及群型单向换能器相比具有最佳的单向性,适宜用来制作宽带低插损声表面波滤波器。四相换能器的等效电路、声辐射导、静态电容以及频率响应等,还给出了简便的四相移相电路,计算了移相电路对频响的影响,从而得到了较完整的四相换能器的设计理论。 用等指长不加权的四相换能器得到了插入损耗小于0.72dB的滤波器,在仪器分度为0.1dB的仪器上观察不到带内波纹。实测频响与理论频响符合良好。     

径向极化压电陶瓷长圆管复合超声换能器的径向振动

提出了一种圆管式径向复合压电陶瓷换能器,并对其径向振动特性进行了分析。该换能器由径向极化的压电陶瓷圆管以及金属外圆管组成。利用解析法得出了金属圆管以及具有任意壁厚的径向极化压电陶瓷圆管径向振动的机电等效电路。基于金属圆管与压电圆管的机械边界条件,得出了换能器的六端机电等效电路。在此基础上得出了换能器共振及反共振频率方程的解析表达式,给出了换能器的共振及反共振频率与其几何尺寸之间的依赖关系。利用数值方法对换能器的径向振动特性进行了模拟及仿真,并与解析结果进行了比较。最后,设计并加工了一些径向复合管式压电陶瓷换能器,利用精密阻抗分析仪对其共振及反共振频率进行了实验测试。研究结果表明,利用解析理论得出的换能器共振及反共振频率与数值模拟结果以及实验测试结果符合很好。     

弯张换能器的等效电路支路阻抗分析方法

本文提出了适用于弯张换能器的等效电路支路阻抗分析方法,归纳总结了一些描述IV型弯张换能器振动辐射的特性参量,通过支路阻抗分析方法计算这些特性量可以进行换能器局部结构的优化设计。     

Ⅳ型弯张换能器振动辐射特性分析

本文利用等效电路支路阻抗分析方法,研究了IV型弯张换能器振动辐射特性与换能器结构之间的关系,得出一系列对换能器设计有用的结论。     

变张换能器的等效电路支路阻抗分析方法

本文提出了适用于弯张换能器的等效电路支路阻抗分析方法,归纳总结了一些描述IV型弯张换能器振动辐射的特性参量,通过支路阻抗分析方法计算这些特性参量可以进行换能器局部结构的优化设计.     

Ⅳ型弯张换能器振动辐射特性分析

本文利用等效电路支路阻抗分析方法,研究了Ⅳ型弯张换能器振动辐射特性与换能器结构之间的关系,得出一系列对换能器设计有用的结论．     

外加载谐振腔的理论计算与分析

 通过建立外加载谐振腔的等效电路模型，给出了加载以后外加载谐振腔的频率、品质因数和间隙阻抗的解析计算公式，并使用电磁场模拟软件证明了计算结果的正确性。由计算和模拟结果显示，在使用谐振腔加载的方法降低品质因数的同时，还可以利用模式重叠进一步展宽频带。由等效电路模型分析了主腔和负载腔的品质因数、主腔和负载腔之间的频率差以及耦合口的大小对加载后谐振腔的品质因数和间隙阻抗的影响。     

LC共振型巨磁阻抗效应的研究

采用化学镀方法成功制备了自带电容构成LC共振回路的CoP/Insulator/BeCu复合结构丝.研究了这种新型复合结构丝产生LC共振型巨磁阻抗效应的特征,长度为lm=9.5cm的复合结构丝,当驱动电流频率为LC共振频率fr=29.0MHz时,LC共振型巨磁阻抗效应为487.5%,磁场灵敏度为0.46%/A·m-1,大于常规复合结构丝;远离此频率时的巨磁阻抗效应很小,巨磁阻抗效应表现出很好的频率选择特性.根据LC共振型复合结构丝的特征建立了等效电路模型,采用等效电路模型对这种复合结构丝进行了数值模拟,等效电路的数值计算与实验测量结果符合较好.从等效电路角度分析了LC共振型巨磁阻抗效应产生的机理,以及复合结构丝的长度对LC共振型巨磁阻抗效应的影响.     

包含外壳磁阻的微型平衡电枢换能器仿真模型的阻抗和振动分析

现有的“E”型平衡电枢等效磁路模型仿真研究通常不考虑金属外壳磁阻带来的影响。为了解决平衡电枢换能器中因金属外壳和平衡电枢紧密接触带来的非线性磁阻问题，在现有的平衡电枢换能器等效磁路模型上加入了外壳磁阻影响。分析等效磁路模型磁通部分和力学部分的状态空间方程在不同参数条件下的仿真结果，总结不同参数对该模型阻抗和振膜位移的影响情况。通过仿真对比，外壳磁阻对平衡电枢换能器位移频率响应曲线的影响为1～3 dB。对于组装后包含金属外壳的平衡电枢耳机、助听器产品降低频率响应曲线偏差具有一定的指导意义。     

PSPICE controlled-source models of analogous circuit for Langevin type piezoelectric transducer

The design and construction of wide-band and high efficiency acoustical projector has long been considered an art beyond the capabilities of many smaller groups. Langevin type piezoelectric transducers have been the most candidate of sonar array system applied in underwater communication. The transducers are fabricated, by bolting head mass and tail mass on both ends of stacked piezoelectric ceramic, to satisfy the multiple, conflicting design for high power transmitting capability. The aim of this research is to study the characteristics of Langevin type piezoelectric transducer that depend on different metal loading. First, the Mason equivalent circuit is used to model the segmented piezoelectric ceramic, then, the impedance network of tail and head masses is deduced by the Newton's theory. To obtain the optimal solution to a specific design formulation, PSPICE controlled-source programming techniques can be applied. A valid example of the application of PSPICE models for Langevin type transducer analysis is presented and the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental measurements.     

反射式全息滤光片背景噪声的抑制

与传统的干涉滤光片相比,背景噪声高是全息滤光片的主要缺点.本文介绍了用倾斜条纹抑制全息滤光片背景噪声的方法,可以收到较好的效果.     

Photoacoustic and ultrasonic coimage with a linear transducer array

A technique is developed to simultaneously acquire ultrasound and photoacoustic (PA) images based on a linear transducer array. The system uses conventional ultrasound for rapid identification of potential targets. After a target is identified, the ultrasound echo and PA signals can be simultaneously obtained with optimized excitation and a signal collection sequence. The corresponding ultrasound impedance and optical absorption images are reconstructed with a phase-controlled algorithm. The approach can effectively reduce the artifacts associated with a conventional filter backprojection algorithm used in PA imaging by linear scanning. The technique provides a new approach for practical applications.     

Influence of nonparallelism of the surfaces of a piezoelectric layer on the frequency band of an electroacoustic piezoelectric transducer

The influence of nonparallelism of the surfaces of a piezoelectric transducer on its impedance and frequency band is analyzed theoretically. The model of a wedge-shaped piezoelectric layer taken for the analysis consists of a set of n plane-parallel elements arranged in succession along the length of the transducer with a gradual increase in the thickness of the piezoelectric layer. The analysis performed demonstrates the possibility of significantly expanding the band of working frequencies of a piezoelectric transducer when its electroacoustic conversion efficiency is reduced. In some cases, however, a decrease in conversion efficiency can be employed to optimize an acoustic device, for example, in creating a filter-type piezoelectric transducer, where electromagnetic energy is converted into acoustic energy successively from one cell of the filter to another. The proposed method for expanding the frequency band can be useful, for example, in creating high-frequency acousto-optic Bragg cells. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 69, 72–73 (March 1999)     

Electro-acoustical characterization procedure for cMUTs

A procedure for the electro-acoustical characterization in air of cMUTs is reported. First, the measured input electrical impedance of the transducer is used to calculate the transducer parameters at different bias voltages by fitting it with the Mason model. Then, the single membrane equivalent circuit can be calculated. Second, the cMUT impulse response is obtained through a send-and-receive experiment to be compared with the one predicted by the Mason model. In order to minimize the influence of the emitter in the obtained impulse response an ad hoc broadband piezoelectric transducer centered at the resonant frequency of the cMUT was fabricated. Using this transducer, no deconvolution of the impulse response of the emitter in the cMUT reception pulse is necessary. The procedure is tested for two cMUTs with silicon-rich nitride as structural layer and different membrane diameters (60 and 70 microm).     

磁致伸缩超声换能器阻抗匹配网络的设计*

根据磁致伸缩超声换能器的等效电路模型和阻抗匹配理论,该文设计了一种优化的型匹配网络。该网络具有调谐、变阻和滤波的功能,适用于工作在中低频超声频率范围内的磁致伸缩超声换能器系统的阻抗匹配。仿真和实验结果表明:接入该型阻抗匹配网络后,驱动电源与换能器之间实现了最大功率传输,换能器两端电信号的波形质量得到优化,换能器激励电流提升了40%。该研究可为大功率磁致伸缩超声换能器的应用提供技术支持。