宽带恒定束宽波束形成器的设计与实现

本文提出了一种设计宽带恒定束宽波束形成器的方法,这对应用于海底探测和分类问题的声纳系统来说十分重要,对于给定频带宽度的信号,选择一定数量的频率点来表达其频率响应,对于一个给定的频点,可以通过现有方法导出满足恒定宽要求的加权矢量,例如对于一个线阵列,可用切比雪夫多项多得到其加权矢量,因此对于一个具有Ｎ个阵元的宽带阵,如果选择Ｍ个频率点,可以得到一个ＮＭ的加权矩阵,这个矩阵的每一行代表一个阵元的频率响     

宽带波束形成器的自适应综合

提出一种具有频率不变波束图的宽带基阵设计方法。该方法只需给出参考波束图,无须推导权矢量的表达式,便可由计算机自动完成整个设计任务。其设计过程分为3步:(1)用数值计算的方法计算参考频率下的基阵权矢量。(2)利用自适应模拟法得到其它频率处的基阵权矢量。(3)以各频点处的基阵权矢量作为FIR滤波器的频率响应指标设计FIR滤波器。该方法可应用于任意阵型的阵列,且对各阵元的指向性也没有任何限制,因此本文方法具有重要的工程应用价值。     

线列阵甚宽频带恒定束宽的数字实现方法

线性嵌套阵可以很好地在很宽的频率（N个倍频程，N=7）上实现恒定束宽。这种方法设计简单，又节省线阵阵元。本文给出了线性嵌套阵具体的数字化实现方法，解决了FIR滤波器设计，滤波器时间延迟等问题。由于数字化实现过程中使用了很多组FIR滤波器，计算量很大，文章采用了DSP信号处理板实现数字化算法，利用DSP处理板可以多任务同时处理优势，解决了计算量大的问题。经过实验验证，在DSP上实现的数字化的线性嵌套阵宽带恒定束宽方法满足了工程上实时处理的需要。     

用FIR数字滤波器实现高精度时延的一种新方法

本文提供了一种实现高精度、连续可变数字时延的新方法。该方法利用ＦＩＲ数字滤波器的线性相位特性，通过调节权向量，可连续改变信号时延。具有时延精度高、运算量小、可实现宽带时延等显著特点。该方法可用于宽带数字波束形成、自适应时延估计以及目标回波的时域分析等技术领域。本文对该方法的基本原理、设计方法及仿真结果进行了阐述，并给出了有关应用实例。     

基于二阶锥规划的任意传感器阵列时域恒定束宽波束形成

提出了基于FIR滤波器的适用于任意几何形状和阵元方向性的传感器阵列的时域恒定束宽波束形成方法。首先将设计频带分成若干窄带,采用优化方法,通过对各窄带波束施加约束,设计出具有设定主瓣形状要求的各窄带波束。然后针对每个传感器,根据其各频率波束形成加权向量,采用约束优化方法,设计出具有要求幅度和相位响应的FIR滤波器。各滤波器输出相加即得到时域恒定束宽波束输出时间序列。波束图主瓣形状设计与期望频率响应FIR滤波器的设计问题都可以转化为二阶锥规划(Second-Order Cone programming)的形式,然后利用已有的内点方法(Interior-Point,Methods)求出其数值解。计算机仿真结果显示,设计出的各子带波束主瓣宽度比较接近,FIR滤波器设计精度高。湖上实验数据处理结果表明,该方法可以适用于实际水声系统,时域宽带波束能够满足恒定束宽要求。     

直线型端口类盒型拓扑结构微带滤波器设计

针对微波带通滤波器小型化、高性能的应用需求，研究了基于双模方形环谐振器的直线型端口的两阶带通滤波器响应特性，进一步提出使用单模谐振器和双模谐振器相结合设计直线型端口的高阶微带带通滤波器。提出的直线型端口双模方形环微带滤波器具有类盒型拓扑结构，能够实现灵活的频率响应特性，而且传输零点的位置可调，能够满足不同的应用需求。由于存在寄生的对角交叉耦合路径，提出的类盒型拓扑结构微带滤波器可以实现一个额外的传输零点。为了验证结构和设计方法的可行性，设计了两款中心频率为5.2 GHz的三阶和五阶带通滤波器，最后进行加工和测试。耦合矩阵响应、仿真和测试结果一致性较好，表明了该结构实现高性能滤波器的可行性。     

矢量水听器拖曳阵的信号模拟器设计

本文中所设计的基于矢量水听器的拖线阵声纳模拟器,仿真了拖线阵的拖船干扰时域信号和空间传播特性,以及矢量水听器偶极子指向性。对于拖船干扰的仿真用Ecs模型来设定宽带功率谱,以AR模型来拟合指定功率谱,利用海底、海面对声场的一次反射作用仿真了拖船干扰的空间多途信道。利用插值滤波器的方法按照设定的时间精度仿真了宽带信号的阵元间精确延时。处理该模拟器所产生阵元时空采样仿真信号而得到的波束形成结果验证了该模拟器的有效性。     

一种新型的紧凑型DGS共模抑制滤波器设计

提出一种新的UH形DGS宽带共模滤波器,通过选择单个DGS结构合适尺寸和谐振点,利用每个谐振器间的相互耦合,达到了面积小(8mm×8mm),宽阻带(3.61GHz 10.7GHz)和低下限截止频率的效果。对于差模信号,阻带内衰减小于-1.5dB,保持了良好的信号完整性。同时采用一种新的减小宽带DGS结构滤波器面积的设计方法,通过改变图形的形状,用“C”形槽代替“U”形槽,使该DGS结构相比原有模型减小了10%,同时阻带范围增加了1.34GHz。     

一种级联马赫-曾德尔滤波器设计的新方法

级联马赫—曾德尔干涉仪滤波器可实现平顶化的滤波器频谱响应,但是利用传统的传输矩阵法。并不能方便地得到级联马赫—曾德尔干涉仪滤波器中各耦合器的耦合系数。将级联马赫—曾德尔干涉仪滤波器与数字信号处理中的有限脉冲响应滤波器进行了类比,并将数字滤波器的设计方法引入到级联马赫—曾德尔干涉仪滤波器的设计中,将滤波器的传输函数表示成为各耦合器耦合系数的显式函数,同时利用遗传算法,计算了对于给定的滤波器频谱响应,级联马赫—曾德尔干涉仪光滤波器中各耦合器的耦合系数。通过实例证明了利用数字滤波器的设计方法及遗传算法设计级联马赫—曾德尔干涉仪光滤波器,不仅可以得到理想的结果,而且可以提高光滤波器的设计效率。     

移动通信GSM系统用前向耦合型高温超导滤波器

本文设计并研制了一种GSM180 0移动通信基站接收机前端用高温超导滤波器 .滤波器选用集成度、性能均很好的前向耦合型微带结构 ,中心频率 1732 .5MHz ,通带带宽 4 5MHz .测试结果表明 :该滤波器具有很好的频率响应特性 ,与设计结果符合得很好 .在温度T =30K时 ,该滤波器的带内最大插损 <0 .5dB ,带内纹波 <0 .4dB ,反射损耗好于 10dB .文中也给出了不同温度下滤波器的频率响应特性 .     

Optimal design of FIR beamformer with frequency invariant patterns

Two approaches to the optimal design of FIR beamformers with frequency invariant patterns using second-order cone programming (SOCP) are proposed. The first approach is a two-step method, which is implemented via separately optimal array pattern synthesis and optimal FIR filters design. The array weights for each frequency bin within the working frequency band are designed to insure that the array patterns approximate the reference ones. And the FIR filter corresponding to each sensor is designed to insure that the frequency responses approximate the array weights. The second approach is a direct method, in which the beam response is expressed as a linear function of FIR filter tap weights and the filters are designed by jointly optimizing the spatial and frequency responses to achieve the desired array patterns. All the optimal design problems (array pattern synthesis, FIR filter design and joint optimization) are formulated as the SOCP, which can be solved efficiently using the well-developed interior-point methods. Results of computer simulations and lake experiment for a twelve-element semicircular array confirm satisfactory performance of the two approaches proposed in this paper.     

波前功率谱密度(PSD)测量滤波器的设计

在采用波前功率谱密度评价大口径光学元件时，由于测得的原始数据受到测量系统引入的各种噪音和外界干扰的作用，会使检测准确度下降.对比引入带通滤波技术，对原始数据的有效滤波，减小带外的噪音分量和频谱混叠现象的影响.分别设计了无限脉冲响应带通滤波器和有限脉冲响应带通滤波器，通过模拟分析比较了两者的性能，得出在波前波前功率谱密度用于评价大口径光学元件的面形质量时，采用有限脉冲响应滤波器可以得到更高的测量准确度.     

Scheme for generation of flat top and high signal-to-noise ratio optical frequency comb

We demonstrate a new scheme for generation of optical frequency comb(OFC) based on cascade modulators, 23 comb lines within 0.5 d B spectral power variation are obtained. An optical finite impulse response(FIR) filter is introduced for suppression of amplified spontaneous emission noise. It is shown that carrier-to-noise-ratio of the OFC generated by this scheme can be as high as 38.8 d B with 12 d B improvement by using a 16-tap FIR filter, and the error vector magnitude performances of loaded Nyquist-16 quadrature amplitude modulation signal is improved from 14.20% to 7.44%.     

级联积分梳状滤波器在超声检测系统中的应用*

在超声探伤系统中,通常要求回波幅度的垂直线性误差小于±5%,通常采样率需10倍于原始信号频率以上,对于高频探头来说对仪器的A/D性能要求较高。该文提出了一种基于现场可编程门阵列的对探伤信号恢复幅值方法,采用高效的级联积分梳状滤波器(CIC滤波器)及其FIR补偿滤波器进行滤波插值,在有限的采样频率下实现了高频信号的幅值恢复,并通过MATLAB和自研硬件平台进行了仿真、架构和实验,验证了CIC插值滤波器的滤波误差小于2.2%且效率高于具有同等插值效果的FIR插值滤波器,具备很好的工程应用价值。     

Accurate quantification of (1)H spectra: from finite impulse response filter design for solvent suppression to parameter estimation.

A scheme for accurate quantification of (1)H spectra is presented. The method uses maximum-phase finite impulse response (FIR) filters for solvent suppression and an iterative nonlinear least-squares (NLLS) algorithm for parameter estimation. The estimation algorithm takes the filter influence on the metabolites of interest into account and can thereby correctly incorporate a large variety of prior knowledge into the estimation phase. The FIR filter is designed in such a way that no distortion of the important initial samples is introduced. The FIR filter method is compared numerically with the HSVD method for water signal removal in a number of examples. The results show that the FIR method, using an automatic filter design scheme, slightly outperforms the HSVD method in most cases. The good performance and ease of use of the FIR filter method combined with its low computational complexity motivate the use of the proposed method.     

基于有限脉冲响应滤波器的数字全息零级像消除

针对数字全息中零级像的存在影响数字再现像的质量,分析数字全息图的记录、再现原理及频谱特性,提出了一种利用有限脉冲响应滤波器消除全息图数字再现中零级像的方法.该方法只需记录一幅数字全息图,不需要相移器材或其他辅助设备,直接利用数字图像处理对数字全息图在空域进行预处理,消除全息再现时的零级像干扰.对比了数字模拟和实验拍摄到的全息图在应用有限脉冲响应滤波器消除零级像前后的再现结果,表明该方法可消除零级衍射像,改善重建像质量,并且算法简单.     

Accurate Quantification of H Spectra: From Finite Impulse Response Filter Design for Solvent Suppression to Parameter Estimation

A scheme for accurate quantification of ¹H spectra is presented. The method uses maximum-phase finite impulse response (FIR) filters for solvent suppression and an iterative nonlinear least-squares (NLLS) algorithm for parameter estimation. The estimation algorithm takes the filter influence on the metabolites of interest into account and can thereby correctly incorporate a large variety of prior knowledge into the estimation phase. The FIR filter is designed in such a way that no distortion of the important initial samples is introduced. The FIR filter method is compared numerically with the HSVD method for water signal removal in a number of examples. The results show that the FIR method, using an automatic filter design scheme, slightly outperforms the HSVD method in most cases. The good performance and ease of use of the FIR filter method combined with its low computational complexity motivate the use of the proposed method.     

Reconstruction of dynamic displacement and velocity from measured accelerations using the variational statement of an inverse problem

This paper presents two types of finite impulse response (FIR) filters to reconstruct dynamic displacement induced by structural vibration from measured acceleration. The governing equation for the reconstruction is derived by taking the variation of a minimization problem, which defines an inverse problem on displacement. A regularization function for overcoming the ill-posedness of the inverse problem is included in the minimization problem. The governing equation of the inverse problem becomes the same type of differential equation as that of a beam on an elastic foundation. The conventional FIR (CFIR) filter directly approximates the transfer function of the governing equation, while the FEM-based FIR (FFIR) filter is formulated by the discretization of the minimization problem with the finite element method. For the finite element discretization, the Hermitian shape function is utilized. The proposed FFIR filter is capable of reconstructing displacement and velocity simultaneously. The fundamental characteristics of the proposed filters are investigated in the frequency domain using the transfer and accuracy functions. It is shown that the proposed FIR filters suppress low frequency noise components in measured accelerations effectively, and reconstruct physically meaningful displacement accurately. The validity of the proposed filters is demonstrated through a numerical simulation study, a field experiment and an evaluation of flutter derivatives using measurements taken from a wind tunnel test.     

Frequency-selective quantification of biomedical magnetic resonance spectroscopy data

In this paper the possibility of obtaining accurate estimates of parameters of selected peaks in the presence of unknown or uninteresting spectral features in biomedical magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) signals is investigated. This problem is denoted by frequency-selective parameter estimation. A new time-domain technique based on maximum-phase finite impulse response (FIR) filters is presented. The proposed method is compared to a number of existing approaches: the application of a weighting function in the time domain, frequency domain fitting using a polynomial baseline, and the time-domain HSVD filter method. The ease of use and low computational complexity of the FIR filter method make it an attractive approach for frequency-selective parameter estimation. The methods are validated using simulations of relevant (13)C and (31)P MRS examples.