全光纤傅里叶变换光谱仪消偏振衰落技术研究

针对全光纤傅里叶变换光谱仪中光束偏振态在双折射影响下带来的干涉信号“偏振诱导衰落”现象导致测量光谱畸变的问题,根据偏振光学原理,分析了光纤应力、弯曲和扭曲导致的双折射对传输光束偏振态的影响,找到了FFTS在测量宽谱光源发射谱时出现谱线畸变的原因,提出了建立偏振态反馈控制系统来稳定干涉信号可见度的方法.实验结果表明,该方法消除了偏振态变化对测量光谱的影响.     

基于Sagnac/双Mach-Zehnder原理的分布式光纤传感系统的偏振态分析

运用琼斯矩阵分析法,建立了该分布式传感器系统在传感光纤双折射和外部事件共同作用下,传输光的偏振态对系统功率传输系数影响的数学模型.仿真分析了在传感光纤线性双折射和圆双折射共同作用下,传输光的偏振态对系统功率传输系数的影响,并提出了利用偏振控制器对输入偏振态进行控制,从而改善干涉信号输出的方法.     

基于Sagnac原理的单轴分布式光纤传感系统偏振态分析

针对Sagnac干涉型单轴分布式光纤传感器中使用单模光纤作为传感器件时,由于传输光偏振态在双折射影响下所带来的干涉信号“偏振诱导衰落”问题,运用琼斯矩阵分析法,建立了该型传感器系统在传感光纤双折射和外部事件共同作用下,传输光的偏振态对系统功率传输系数影响的数学模型;仿真分析了在传感光纤线性双折射和圆双折射共同作用下,传输光的偏振态对系统功率传输系数的影响;提出了使用法拉第旋转镜提高系统抗偏振能力的改进方法.仿真结果表明,该方法能很好地消除光纤线性双折射和圆双折射.     

偏振态调制的偏振无关干涉型光纤传感器

针对低双折射光纤双束干涉型传感器的两臂偏振态随机变化引起的信号衰落提出了一种新型的光纤传感器结构。通过在双束干涉仪的一臂中加入适当的对光波偏振太的高尖三角波或正弦波调制的偏振制，可以在干涉中见度略有降低的情况下消除偏振衰落的影响，实现偏振无关的干涉型光纤传感器。     

干涉型光纤传感器的消偏振衰落技术研究

本文对消除干涉型光纤传感器信号偏振衰落的偏振分集接收PDR(Polarization Diversity Receiver)技术进行了理论分析.通过三态PDR方式,对输出的最大有效幅度信号进行选取,能够避免传输光偏振态变化导致干涉信号完全衰落的现象,使干涉信号有效幅度在一定范围内变化.采用基于反正切计算的相位生成载波PGC(Phase Generated Carrier)解调技术的相位测量结果不受由于偏振衰落导致干涉信号有效幅度变化的影响.提出结合三态PDR方式和基于反正切计算的PGC解调技术消除偏振衰落问题的影响,实现干涉型光纤传感器中相位信号的理想解调.     

高双折射光子晶体光纤中均匀布拉格光栅的特性

研究了具有高双折射的光子晶体光纤(HB PCF)中均匀布拉格光栅(FBG)的光谱特性。利用紧凑的超格子模型,对光子晶体光纤的传输特性进行分析,研究正向传输和反向传输的模式之间的耦合规律,从而研究写入光子晶体光纤中的均匀布拉格光栅的特性。首先给出具有C6v对称性的零双折射光子晶体光纤中光纤布拉格光栅的布拉格波长λB随光纤结构参量的变化规律;然后分析一种高双折射光子晶体光纤中的光纤布拉格光栅的光谱特性,高双折射使两个不同偏振态的反射峰分开较大;最后分析了一种常用的双模双折射光子晶体光纤中光纤布拉格光栅的光谱特性,LP01模和LPe11模的两个偏振态对应的反射谱都由于高双折射而分开。     

光纤电流互感器中传感光纤的椭圆双折射测量

分析了全光纤电流互感器(AFOCT)光纤元件的双折射来源和影响,针对其应力加载特征,提出一种适用于系统的光纤双折射参数测量方法.测量基于研究双折射对偏振态的调制情况,在邦加球上分析传输光偏振态随不同光程的演化轨迹,可获得待测光纤椭圆双折射参数,相对误差在2.85％以内.验证实验说明基于测量结果的变比估计相对偏差1.08％.该方法准确度优于传统方法,装置结构简单易于实现.由传感光纤双折射测量结果可推导AFOCT系统的变比,也可作为温度、振动补偿实验的依据.本方法可作为设计制作AFOCT系统过程中的一个有力的参考.     

光子晶体光纤中交叉相位调制光谱展宽特性研究

实验研究了超高速时分复用信号与探测光同向传输,在色散平坦高非线性光子晶体光纤中的交叉相位调制光谱展宽特性,从光谱学的角度分析了信号光波长漂移,泵浦光与信号光总功率及功率比,二者偏振态失配对交叉相位调制光谱展宽效应的影响,探讨了实现偏振不敏感交叉相位调制效应的可行性。研究发现,在36 nm波长范围,总功率大于23 dBm,泵浦光与信号光功率比合理,二者偏振态匹配时交叉相位调制效果最好,交叉相位调制的偏振相关性为11 dB,指出利用色散平坦高非线性光子晶体光纤中的残余双折射,调节泵浦光与光纤双折射主轴成45°,可以实现偏振不敏感交叉相位调制效应,随后的理论模拟和实验结果相一致。研究结果为实现基于交叉相位调制原理工作的超快全光信号处理器件作了充分准备。     

基于传统分立光学元件的旋光纤测量

采用庞加莱几何表象,从理论上分析了光纤中的线双折射和圆双折射分别对入射光偏振态的调制规律,同时研究了这两种双折射同时存在的低双折射旋光纤的双折射特性.根据理论分析的调制规律,提出了一种基于传统分立光学元件测量旋光纤双折射参量的截断法,可以仅通过消光比的测量和计算获得旋光纤的线双折射和圆双折射参量,进而可以通过线双折射参量近似计算差分群时延,且采用该方法的理论计算值与传统方法的测量值吻合.     

基于光纤环形腔衰荡光谱的偏振测量

针对传统偏振测量较难同时实现高灵敏度和较好稳定性的问题,提出了一种采用光纤环形腔衰荡光谱技术进行偏振测量的方法,并进行了实验证明.对比分析了掺铒光纤放大器放置在环形腔的内部和外部对脉冲曲线和脉冲数量的影响.在掺铒光纤放大器中使用长度为2m的低增益和低噪声掺铒光纤来减少波形失真并补偿环形腔的内部衰减.利用光纤环形腔衰荡光谱系统对偏振角进行测量,通过记录分析环形腔中光脉冲的衰减时间得到偏振角的变化.结果表明:偏振角和衰减时间在0°~90°的范围内满足良好的线性关系,光纤环形腔衰荡光谱系统的灵敏度和拟合曲线的相关系数分别为4.05μs/°和0.999 6,最大灵敏度误差为0.027 3μs/°.通过10次重复实验,选取六组数据进行拟合得到系统的平均再现性误差为0.030 8,重复性良好,可用于旋光溶液测量,也为光纤径向应力双折射特性和光纤激光器的偏振态测量提供了参考.     

Modeling and simulation of polarization errors in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor

Sagnac fiber optic current sensor (S-FOCS) is a kind of optical interferometer based on Sagnac structure, optical polarization states of sensing light wave in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor are limited. However, several factors induce optical polarization error, and non-ideal polarized light waves cause the interference signal crosstalk in sensor, including polarizer, quarter-wave retarder, splice angular, birefringence and so on. With these errors, linearly polarized light wave in PM fiber and circularly polarized light wave in sensing fiber become elliptically polarized light wave, then, nonreciprocal phase shift induced by magnetic field of the current is interrupted by wrong polarization state. To clarify characteristics of optical polarization error in fiber optic current sensor, we analyze the evolution process of random optical polarization state, linear optical polarization state and circular optical polarization state in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor by using Poincare sphere, then, build optical polarization error models by using Jones matrix. Based on models of polarization state in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor, we investigate the influence of several main error factors on optical polarization error characteristics theoretically, including extinction ratio in polarizer, phase delay in quarter-wave retarder, splice angular between quarter-wave retarder and polarization maintaining fiber. Finally, we simulate and quantify nonreciprocal phase shift to be detected in fiber optic current sensor related with optical polarization errors. In the end, we demonstrate S-FOCS in test. The results show that transfer matrix errors are induced by inaccurate polarization properties during polarization state conversion, then, the stability and accuracy of the S-FOCS are affected, and it is important to control the polarization properties at each step of the polarization state conversion precisely.     

Multiple pulses with broadband spectrum generation in passively mode-locked fiber ring laser incorporating a highly nonlinear fiber

Multiple pulses with broadband spectrum generation are experimentally obtained in passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber ring lasers based on nonlinear polarization rotation, which is achieved by incorporating a length of highly nonlinear dispersion-shifted fiber in the laser cavity. The temporal and spectral dynamic behaviors of multipulse bunching states are demonstrated. The maximum spectral width and flatness are attained when the continuous-wave component is suppressed under appropriate polarization states and pump powers.     

旋转光纤圆起偏器的特性分析

基于旋转光纤耦合模理论,对窄带和宽带旋转光纤圆起偏器的特性进行了计算分析.研究了注入光的偏振态、光纤固有线双折射和旋转速率对窄带圆起偏器最小工作长度的影响,并借助多包层光纤的分析方法,分析了旋转光纤各参量变化对宽带圆起偏器工作带宽的影响.结果表明:窄带圆起偏器的最小工作长度与光纤固有线双折射和光纤旋转速率有关,而与注入光的偏振态无关|改变光纤旋转速率可调节宽带圆起偏器的工作带宽,改变应力区到纤芯的距离可改变宽带圆起偏器的中心波长.     

Fiber torsion sensor demodulated by a high-birefringence fiber Bragg grating

A new high-birefringence (Hi-Bi) fiber torsion sensor demodulated by a Hi-Bi fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is proposed in this study. The twisted Hi-Bi fiber sensor characteristics are analyzed using the Jones matrix. The intensity ratio from two reflected Bragg wavelengths is associated with the twist angle of the measured Hi-Bi fiber. It is found that the twist angle resolution is estimated at around 0.3° under ±0.1 dB readout from an optical spectrum analyzer if the polarization state of the light source is stable. The advantages of this new torsion sensor are: (1) insensitivity to intensity variations from the light source, (2) insensitivity to the torsion gauge length, and (3) absolute measurement in the twist angle. However, the polarization state of light in the proposed method needs to be controlled, and any birefringence change in the twisted Hi-Bi fiber needs to be prevented.     

双包层掺Yb3+光纤环形脉冲激光形成研究

对采用环形腔结构,由偏振敏感的光隔离器构成超短脉冲掺Yb³⁺光纤激光器输出的动力学特性进行了数值模拟.模拟表明:在没有进行色散补偿的掺Yb³⁺光纤环形激光器中,采用非线性偏振旋转的附加脉冲锁模技术,通过改变偏振控制器的方向,可以使激光器工作在不同的区域.实验用976 nm的半导体激光器作为泵浦源,通过调整偏振控制器,实验观测到掺Yb³⁺环形激光器工作在稳态和自脉动状态,其脉动的周期由光纤激光器腔长决定.     

Temperature-sensitive dual-segment polarization maintaining fiber Sagnac loop mirror

A new temperature-sensitive fiber Sagnac loop mirror (FLM) is proposed using two segments of polarization maintaining fiber (PMF). The proposed dual-segment FLM provides greater temperature sensitivity in the spectral spacing detuning compared to the conventional single-segment configuration. Besides, the proposed configuration also enables both efficient positive and negative spectral spacing detuning by rising the temperature of one of the PMF segments. The experimental results show that the proposed configuration has achieved a great improvement in increasing spectral spacing variation range by 6.6 times and an increment of temperature sensitivity as much as 337.6% as compared to the conventional configuration.     

An experimental investigation of the optical switching characteristics using an optical Sagnac interferometer incorporating one and two ring resonators

We present the use of a fiber optic Sagnac interferometer incorporating one and two fiber optic ring resonators to characterize experimentally the optical switching behaviors. These prototypes were formed by the Sagnac interferometer and serially connected to the ring resonators. The input optical signal was launched via one end of the interferometer, where the polarization control was employed to obtain the maximum optical transmission power. Results obtained have shown that the increasing in switching time (i.e. narrower spectral width) and power can be achieved.     

Switchable dual-wavelength Erbium-doped fiber ring laser with cascaded fiber Bragg gratings

We have experimentally shown wavelength mode switching in a dual-wavelength Erbium-doped single cavity fiber laser where the initial two wavelengths of 1 nm spacing are determined by the cascaded reflection type short-period fiber Bragg gratings having two different centre wavelengths of 1550.5 and 1551.5 nm. The lasing mode depends on the polarization in the ring cavity to migrate from one wavelength to another or operates in both modes in a polarization beam splitter output. To effectively control the polarization in the ring cavity, the polarization controllers were positioned before and after the polarization beam splitter. This method of wavelength switching provides a simple way of mode tuning in dual-wavelength fiber lasers.