金电极上氢析出反应的温度效应

用循环伏安法研究了多晶金电极在0.1 mol/L HClO₄和0.1 mol/L KOH中氢析出反应的温度效应．在278～333 K时,随温度和电位的增加氢析出反应电流显著增加, 在酸性溶液中Tafel斜率从118 mV/dec增加到146 mV/dec,超电势从0.2 V增加到0.35 V时,其活化能从37 kJ/mol降低至30 kJ/mol,反应的指前因子比在碱性溶液中的高出一个数量级．在碱性溶液中Tafel斜率约为153±15 mV/dec,且未呈现明显随温度变化的趋势．平衡电位的反应活化能在酸性和碱性溶液中分别约为48和34 kJ/mol．当超电势增加时,在碱性溶液中的指前因子单调增加,在酸性溶液中指前因子不随电位而变化．还讨论了金电极上氢析出反应在酸性和碱性溶液中具有不同的随电势变化的动力学参数的原因及其与反应机理的联系．     

不同pH酸性溶液中铂电极上氢析出和二氧化碳还原的电化学研究

本文利用循环伏安法和电化学原位红外光谱的联用,研究了Pt(111)和Pt膜电极在CO₂饱和的酸性溶液中氢析出和CO₂还原的竞争. 发现：(i)在pH>2的溶液中,主要反应是氢析出,界面pH值随着氢析出突然增加;(ii)通过红外光谱检测,CO_ad是CO₂还原过程中唯一的吸附中间体;(iii)CO_ad生成速率随着欠电位沉积氢(UPD-H)覆盖的增加而增大,并在氢析出的起始电位达到最大值;(iv)在氢析出时,CO_ad的减少与CO₂吸附和还原所必需的的中间产物(H_ad)有限的可用位点和停留时间相关.     

硫酸(氢)根吸附层对Pd(111)电极上甲酸氧化反应的影响研究

本文使用循环伏安法和电势阶跃法分别研究了添加和不添加Na₂SO₄的0.1 mol/LH₂SO₄+0.1 mol/LHCOOH溶液中Pd(111)电极上甲酸氧化反应(FAO)的动力学行为,并与同样条件下0.1 mol/LHClO₄中的动力学行为进行比较. 加入0.05 mol/L或者0.1 mol/LNa₂O₄后,在相同的电位下负向扫描的FAO电流比正向扫描的显著减小. 本文推测在(SO₄^*_ad)_m+[(H₂O)_n-H₃O⁺]或(SO₄^*_ad)_m+[Na⁺(H₂O)_n-H₃O⁺]吸附层相转变电势以正的电位, 这个吸附层的结构可能随着电位的增加或Na₂SO₄的加入变得更加致密和稳定. 因此,破坏或者脱附致密的硫酸(氢)根吸附层变得更加困难,使得FAO 动力学在较高电位和随后的负扫电位受到明显的抑制.     

Pt(111)电极上O2与OHad的吸脱附及氧还原反应动力学 (cited: 1)

研究了Pt(111)电极在0.1 mol/L HClO₄溶液中O₂吸附与OH_ad脱附及氧还原反应的动力学．研究发现OH_ad的可逆吸脱附速率很快;在氧还原的动力学或动力学与传质混合控制区,恒电位下氧还原的电流随反应时间缓慢衰减,在转速较大,扫速较慢的情形下正向扫描过程中氧还原的电流总是明显低于逆向扫描的电流;Pt/0.1 mol/L HClO₄从无O₂切换到O_{2相似文献}   

Au(111)上过氧化氢在碱性介质中氧化反应的pH效应

本文经过系统地研究Au(111)上过氧化氢在pH值从10到13的不同碱性溶液体系中氧化反应(HPOOR),发现随着溶液pH的增大,HPOOR的活性增大,电流电势i-iE极化曲线的斜率减小. HO₂^-是碱性溶液中HPOOR的主要反应物种,在高pH溶液下有很快的动力学反应主要是由于电极表面的正电荷与体系中的阴离子HO₂^-和OH^-等有静电相互作用的原因. 因此在溶液反应物随pH增大的时候,热力学的驱动力也加快了HO₂^-的氧化过程.     

Understanding the Effects of Ultrasound (408 kHz) on the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) and the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) on Raney-Ni in Alkaline Media

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occurring at the Raney-Ni mesh electrode in 30 wt.-% aqueous KOH solution were studied in the absence (silent) and presence of ultrasound (408 kHz, ∼54 W, 100% acoustic amplitude) at different electrolyte temperatures (T = 25, 40 and 60 °C). Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) experiments were performed to analyse the electrochemical behaviour of the Raney-Ni electrode under these conditions. Under silent conditions, it was found that the electrocatalytic activity of Raney-Ni towards the HER and the OER depends upon the electrolyte temperature, and higher current densities at lower overpotentials were achieved at elevated temperatures. It was also observed that the HER activity of Raney-Ni under ultrasonic conditions increased at low temperatures (e.g., 25 °C) while the ultrasonic effect on the OER was found to be insignificant. In addition, it was observed that the ultrasonic effect on both the HER and OER decreases by elevating the temperature. In our conditions, it is suggested that ultrasound enhances the electrocatalytic performance of Raney-Ni towards the HER due to principally the efficient gas bubble removal from the electrode surface and the dispersion of gas bubbles into the electrolyte, and this effect depends upon the behaviour of the hydrogen and oxygen gas bubbles in alkaline media.