自旋极化电子原子碰撞激发Stokes参量测量研究

本文简要回顾了自旋极化电子与原子碰撞激发过程Stokes参量测量的研究进展。介绍了Stokes参量测量的理论基础、实验装置及测量方法,通过对典型测量结果的描述,揭示了积分Stokes参量测量研究的物理意义。     

旋转波片法测量Stokes参量与Jones矩阵

本文总结了旋转波片法测量偏振光的Stokes参量和偏振元件的Jones矩阵的计算细节，并搭建实验装置对不同电压下液晶盒的Jones矩阵进行了实际测量.     

高光谱偏振成像全Stokes参量获取新方法（英文）

考虑到现有Stokes参量获取方法测量速度慢、测量精度低、系统结构复杂等特点,提出了一种基于双液晶可调相位延迟器(liquid crystal variable retarder,LCVR)和声光可调滤波器(acousto-optic tunable filter,AOTF)的光谱偏振成像系统中全Stokes参量的新获取方法。从AOTF和LCVR的工作原理出发,介绍了系统的基本探测原理;根据偏振分析提出了快速获取全Stokes参量的新方法——该方法选取四个固定的LCVR控制电压,同时控制两个相同的LCVR对光波进行相位调制,得到四组(八个)两两相同的相位延迟量即可求得Stokes参量。此外,设计了能够稳定输出均方根为0~+8.72V连续可调方波的LCVR控制器,并对其进行定标,实现了不同波长下光波的精确调制。搭建实验样机,以偏振方向分别为0°,90°和45°的三个偏振片P_1,P_2,P_3作为偏振测量目标,测得了波长为632nm时的全Stokes参量图;以画有夹角为30°的红色、绿色、蓝色三色线条的实验板作为光谱测量目标,对400~750nm光谱范围的71个通道(光谱带宽为5nm)进行光谱成像,得到了与红色、绿色和蓝色的分析谱段范围相一致的光谱曲线。结果表明,该系统不仅可以快速准确地获取全部Stokes参量,而且系统结构简单、成像质量良好。     

高光谱偏振成像全Stokes参量获取新方法

考虑到现有Stokes参量获取方法测量速度慢、测量精度低、系统结构复杂等特点,提出了一种基于双液晶可调相位延迟器(liquid crystal variable retarder,LCVR)和声光可调滤波器(acousto-optic tunable filter,AOTF)的光谱偏振成像系统中全Stokes参量的新获取方法。从AOTF和LCVR的工作原理出发,介绍了系统的基本探测原理;根据偏振分析提出了快速获取全Stokes参量的新方法--该方法选取四个固定的LCVR控制电压,同时控制两个相同的LCVR对光波进行相位调制,得到四组(八个)两两相同的相位延迟量即可求得Stokes参量。此外,设计了能够稳定输出均方根为0~+8.72 V连续可调方波的LCVR控制器,并对其进行定标,实现了不同波长下光波的精确调制。搭建实验样机,以偏振方向分别为0°,90°和45°的三个偏振片P₁,P₂,P₃作为偏振测量目标,测得了波长为632 nm时的全Stokes参量图;以画有夹角为30°的红色、绿色、蓝色三色线条的实验板作为光谱测量目标,对400～750 nm光谱范围的71个通道(光谱带宽为5 nm)进行光谱成像,得到了与红色、绿色和蓝色的分析谱段范围相一致的光谱曲线。结果表明,该系统不仅可以快速准确地获取全部Stokes参量,而且系统结构简单、成像质量良好。     

极化电子与原子散射的广义Stokes参量的实验测量

分析了极化电子与原子散射后的受激原子退激辐射光的广义Stokes参量，介绍了Stokes参量的基本概念和实验测量方法并阐明其具体的物理意义．为自旋极化电子参与的原子或分子碰撞实验和理论模型的研究奠定基础．     

用Stokes参量法实现数字同轴偏振全息的研究

提出了一种基于Stokes参量的数字同轴偏振全息方法.在实验中用一束线偏振光和一束椭圆偏振光作为参考光, 分别与物光进行干涉,通过拍摄在两个相互垂直方向上的全息图,计算出物光在这两个方向的振幅和相位信息, 从而得到物光的Stokes参量和物体的全偏振信息,实现对各向异性物体偏振态空间分布的图像重建. 实验结果表明,该方法可用于物体的全偏振特性的测量.这种方法在求出物光Stokes参量的同时, 也可消除零级像和共轭像的干扰,因此也可用于同轴或离轴全息.     

连续变量相干光通信中的联合调制编码系统(英文)

根据单束光连续变量相干光通信的编码要求,提出一种联合磁光调制和电光调制的联合调制系统;根据Stokes参量与邦加球的映射关系以及Stokes矩阵理论,分析了该系统的编码原理,构造了单光束相干光通信系统,并根据编码的需要设计了相关的磁光调制器驱动控制电路和随机数产生电路.最后利用零差检测技术测量Stokes参量;将发送码与接收码进行整形处理后,得到误码率小于3.60%的通信效果,证明了该联合调制实验方案的可行性.为连续变量密钥分配提供一种简捷的编码方法.     

基于斯托克斯参量测量的偏振共焦显微成像技术的研究

提出了一种基于斯托克斯(Stokes)参量测量的偏振共焦显微成像新方法。以斯托克斯参量、偏振度、相位差、方位角和椭率角等偏振参量作为成像物理量,通过系统集成方法将斯托克斯参量测量系统整合到共焦显微成像系统,通过共焦显微成像系统的显微物镜将激光聚焦到样品表面,而带有样品偏振信息的反射光进入斯托克斯参量测量系统进行偏振测量,把从斯托克斯参量测量系统中出射的4个斯托克斯光分别聚焦到4个点探测器进行光电探测,实现斯托克斯参量的共焦探测,同时获得同一物点的4个斯托克斯参量以及偏振度、相位差、方位角和椭率角等偏振参量。对样品进行二维扫描,获得不同物点的4个斯托克斯参量及其相关的偏振参量,利用计算机软件进行图像重建,从而获得样品的斯托克斯参量及其相关偏振参量的共焦显微图像。     

高压H_2的SRS中的参量与非参量过程

本文报道了在数十气压H_2中输出三级Stokes和六级anti-Stokes受激喇曼散射。着重研究了SRS能量转移中的受激喇曼过程(SRP)和四波参量过程(FWPP)。对前人报道得很少的高压H_2中的离轴Stokes圆环与轴上anti-Stokes圆斑进行了较系统的实验研究,并用非线性光学参量与非参量过程的有关理论对实验结果进行了讨论。     

空间调制型全Stokes参量偏振成像系统原理及仿真

空间调制型全Stokes参量偏振成像是针对同一目标不同偏振分量的同时探测技术,以双折射晶体作为调制元件,将Stokes参量S0~S3调制在同一幅图像中,只一次采集便可获得包含4个Stokes参量的调制信息。分析空间调制型全Stokes偏振成像系统的探测原理和数学模型。阐明重构偏振图像S0~S3的理论依据,并分析了系统参数的选择对图像重构效果的影响。根据实际系统参数,进行数值仿真模拟成像过程,获取调制图像,使用一种简单的频域解调算法,重构出S0~S3的4幅偏振图像,得到比较满意的重构效果,不仅验证了方案的可行性,同时为仪器设计或器件选型提供参考。     

Error analysis and Stokes parameter measurement of rotating quarter-wave plate polarimeter

In this paper, we present a simple Stokes parameter measurement method for a rotating quarter-wave plate polarimeter.This method is used to construct a model to describe the principle of how the magnitudes of errors influence the deviation of the output light Stokes parameter, on the basis of accuracy analysis of the retardance error of the quarter-wave plate,the misalignment of the analyzing polarizer, and the phase shift of the measured signals, which will help us to determine the magnitudes of these errors and then to acquire the correct results of Stokes parameters. The method is validated by the experiments on left-handed circularly polarized and linear horizontal polarization beams. With the improved method, the maximum measurement deviations of Stokes parameters for these two different polarized states are reduced from 2.72%to 2.68%, and from 3.83% to 1.06% respectively. Our results demonstrate that the proposed method can be used as a promising approach to Stokes parameter measurement for a rotating quarter-wave plate polarimeter.     

基于斯托克斯参量的光弹性应力分布及成像方法研究

提出了一种基于斯托克斯参量测量的实时光弹性应力测量及其成像的新方法,对该方法的原理及参量测量方法进行了深入研究。根据分振幅斯托克斯参量测量原理设计一个实验系统,利用Equator-Poles(E-P)法定标系统,采用4个性能一致的光电探测器实现光束斯托克斯参量的快速实时测量。用实验系统测量单色平面偏振光通过光弹性样品后的斯托克斯参量,求得出射与入射偏振光的相位延迟量,再求得样品的应力值。运用该方法对有应力分布的平板玻璃和轴向受压有机玻璃进行测量并扫描成像,得到它们的应力分布图像。结果表明,该方法能够准确、快速和无损地测量光弹性样品任意位置的应力,实现对应力的实时测量。     

Polarization analyzers operating in a wide spectral range

Different versions of practical realization of customary optical systems for full measurement of the polarization state of quasi-monochromatic partially polarized light are considered. They can be used to overcome measurement difficulties associated with the finite width of the spectral range being studied. The effect of changes in characteristics of optical and polarization elements over a spectral range on the character of polarization measurements is analyzed. Methods for elimination of chromatism or taking into account its effect on measurements are suggested. Relations for taking into account the effect of chromatism of a phase plate with constant thickness on measurement results are given. Operation of a classical four-channel scheme for studing quasi-monochromatic partially polarized light in the visible and near-IR regions is considered. For this system, expressions are derived which make possible determination of Stokes parameters taking into account the effect of a finite spectral range. A system using phase modulation of radiation by an electrooptical cell and measurement of the maximum and minimum intensities of the modulated signal is considered. Measurements are carried out by using a two-channel system. Expressions are derived which make possible determination of Stokes parameters for the system under consideration in the visible and near-IR spectral regions. A system for measuring the polarization state of radiation in the visible and near-IR regions and based on modulation of radiation by an electrooptical phase cell is described. Measurements are carried out for the fundamental modulation frequency and its harmonics using a two-channel scheme. Relations for determining Stokes parameters of the system are presented.     

Spectroscopic polarimetry with a channeled spectrum

We describe a novel method for the spectroscopic measurement of the state of polarization (SOP) of light. A pair of thick birefringent retarders is incorporated into the spectroscopic polarimeter, so the generated channeled spectrum is composed of three quasi-cosinusoidal components carrying the information about the SOP of the light that is being measured. Fourier inversion of the channeled spectrum provides significant parameters for determination of the spectrally resolved Stokes parameters of light. No mechanically movable components for polarization control or active devices for polarization modulation are used, and all the Stokes parameters can be determined at once from only the single spectrum. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by the generation of elliptically polarized light whose SOP varies with wave number.     

基于旋转波片的斯托克斯参量检测与精度分析

用于偏振光学遥感器定标的参考光源,其偏振态的检测精度会直接影响偏振光学遥感器的定标精度,进而影响目标特性的反演水平。选用870 nm波段的水平线偏振光作为被测试的定标参考光源,通过旋转1/4波片(quarter-wave plate, QWP)对其光强进行调制。调制光强可表达为波片快轴旋转角度的傅里叶级数,采用傅里叶变换法反演出级数的系数,根据该系数即可计算出被测试光源的Stokes参量。给出10次测量各参量及偏振度的平均值、标准偏差、合成不确定度以及测量平均值与理论值的相对偏差。为提高测试精度,通过对波片快轴初始定位角度偏差Δα、延迟量偏差Δδ与检偏器透光轴角度偏差Δβ进行分析,提出了偏差修正模型。该模型通过Stokes参量检测偏差随Δδ和Δβ的变化趋势及实际偏差值,确定Δδ和Δβ的大小。结合模拟出的波片快轴初始定位角度偏差Δα,对实验装置加以调整,再次对光源的偏振态进行检测。结果表明,基于该修正模型测得光源的各Stokes参量与理论值最大偏差从未经修正的3.77%降低至1.41%。证实了基于本实验的原理、装置、测量方法及所提出的偏差修正模型可有效提高定标参考光源偏振态检测的精度。     

Experimental verification of the electromagnetic spectral interference law using a modified version of the Young's interferometer

We present a method to verify the electromagnetic spectral interference law experimentally, which connects the combined two-beam usual Stokes parameters with the corresponding single beam usual Stokes parameters. Using polarizers and phase retarders in a modified version of the Young's interferometer, the usual Stokes parameters and the generalized Stokes parameters are determined for a laser beam. The experimentally determined single point (usual) Stokes parameters at an axial point in the observation plane for the combined beam are compared with their theoretically expected values obtained by putting the experimental data in the electromagnetic spectral interference law. A fairly good agreement is found between the two values. Not only does the proposed method provides a comparison between the two kinds of Stokes parameters but also validates the role of the generalized Stokes parameters as modulation parameters for the usual Stokes parameters.     

On the problem of polarization characteristics of radio waves in a randomly inhomogeneous magnetoactive plasma

Expressions for the Stokes parameters when radio waves propagate in a turbulent magnetoactive plasma have been obtained using a refractive scattering method. The problem of the spatial coherence of polarized radiation is considered. Expressions for the correlation functions and fluctuation dispersions of the Stokes parameters are found in the case of saturated wave field fluctuation. It is shown that the fluctuation of the circular polarized component will be observed in the received radiation even if the circular polarization is absent in the radiation that is incident on the magnetoactive plasma slab. A method is proposed to define the preference orientation of the magnetic field in the inhomogeneous layer of space plasma, which is biased on the simultaneous measurement of the space correlation functions of the I, V Stokes parameter fluctuation and Faraday rotation of the radiation polarization plane from the source with known polarization characteristics.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 39, No. 8, pp. 1007–1013, August, 1996.This work was supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research under Project No. 96-02-18632.     

分振幅型全Stokes同时偏振成像系统波片相位延迟误差分析

分振幅型全Stokes同时偏振成像仪具有实时性好、空间分辨率高、精度高等优点,有很高的应用价值.分振幅型全Stokes同时偏振成像系统利用偏振分束器、1/2波片和1/4波片将入射光Stokes矢量调制在4幅图像中,可解析入射光Stokes矢量. 1/2波片和1/4波片的相位延迟误差对Stokes矢量测量精度有着不可忽略的影响.建立了包含上述两种误差的Stokes矢量测量误差方程,分析了1/2波片和1/4波片相位延迟耦合误差对自然光、0°/45°线偏光、左旋圆偏光等典型基态入射光的Stokes矢量测量误差的影响,推导了任意偏振态的Stokes矢量测量误差的表征方法.在邦加球球面和球内选取不同偏振度的Stokes矢量作为入射光进行仿真.结果表明, Stokes矢量测量误差和偏振度测量误差均随着入射光偏振度的增大而增大.选取入射光偏振度为1时的偏振测量精度评估系统.为满足2%的偏振测量精度, 1/2波片相位延迟误差应在±1.6°内, 1/4波片相位延迟误差应在±0.5°内.这对提高系统的偏振测量精度具有重要意义,为系统设计和研制提供了重要的理论指导.