溶液的pH值对化学浴法制备CdS薄膜光电流响应性能的影响

采用化学浴沉积法将氯化镉、氯化铵、硫脲和氨水的溶液体系合成CdS薄膜,用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和紫外可见吸收光谱等研究了CdS薄膜的形貌、相结构和光学性能,通过测试薄膜的光电流响应曲线分析了薄膜的光电性能.结果表明:溶液的pH值在9~11的范围内均可以制备均匀致密的CdS薄膜,其中pH=10时制备的CdS薄膜最为均匀致密且其X射线衍射仪衍射峰强度最强,对应的光学带隙约为2.37eV;光电流响应曲线显示该薄膜的光电导最高为2.94×10-2Ω-1·cm-1,光暗电导比为38.23,具有最佳的光敏性.     

农用红蓝转光液的性能

CaS:Cu⁺,Eu²⁺荧光粉添加到高分子溶液中配成转光液,喷涂后自然条件下干燥成膜,测试了薄膜的荧光光谱、透光率、荧光抗衰减性能。结果表明,转光液所成薄膜荧光光谱与其添加的荧光粉光谱一致.具有吸收紫外光发射432nm蓝光和648nm红光,吸收绿光发射648nm红光的作用,转光行为有利于植物光合作用。薄膜可见光区透光率在75%以上,荧光抗衰减性能好。     

有机溶剂热生长技术制备纳米CdS及其与聚苯胺复合膜的光学性能

以溶剂热生长技术(solvothermal technique)制备了半导体CdS的纳米微粒,并采用XRD、TEM、ED对其结构进行表征。在ITO导电玻璃上,采用电化学方法合成聚苯胺薄膜,以提拉的方法将CdS的纳米颗粒涂布其上,自组装得纳米CdS／PANI膜,并以荧光光谱(PL)及非线性Z-扫描法研究其光学特性。实验结果显示：经CdS修饰后,CdS／PANI膜的荧光发射峰强度增强,位置较单一PANI膜移至420nm处,同时经修饰后的复合物膜的非线性光学特性也有显著的提高。     

CuBrx I1-x闪烁薄膜的制备和发光性能

为了系统地研究Br的引入对CuBr_xI_(1-x)薄膜发光强度和衰减时间的影响,通过气相沉积法在Si片上制备了CuBr_xI_(1-x)(0≤x≤1)闪烁薄膜,并测试了薄膜的发光性能和衰减曲线。结果表明,所制备的样品具有良好的CuBr_xI_(1-x)(0≤x≤1)固溶体结晶性;相对于长波段的深能级发射,CuBr_xI_(1-x)薄膜均表现出较强的光致和X射线激发近带边发射,且发射强度随Br含量的增加而大幅增加,有利于提高闪烁器件的探测效率;不过薄膜的发光衰减时间会随Br含量的增加而变慢(40～300 ps)。本研究工作对于通过选择合适组分的CuBr_xI_(1-x)闪烁材料以平衡探测效率和时间响应的测量需求具有重要意义。     

GaN晶体在飞秒紫外波段激发下的可变非线性吸收效应和光动力学过程研究

采用Z扫描和泵浦-探测技术研究了GaN薄膜在370 nm时的非线性光学效应和非线性光动力学过程。首先,基于GaN薄膜的透射光谱,结合线性光学理论分析得到了其在370 nm的线性折射率n₀、线性吸收系数α₀、光学带隙E_g等线性光学性质。采用飞秒激光Z扫描技术,得到了不同光强激发下的Z扫描实验响应结果,结合非线性光学理论提取出GaN薄膜可变的光学非线性吸收效应。在激发光子能量接近GaN带隙情况下,低光强时材料表现为饱和吸收而高光强时为反饱和吸收,这是因为低光强下单光子吸收占主导而高光强下以单光子感应自由载流子吸收为主。闭孔Z扫描测量得到了GaN薄膜的三阶非线性折射系数为n₂=-(1.0±0.1)×10-3 cm2·GW-1,它几乎比传统非线性介质的高出一个数量级。为了探究上述非线性过程的动力学弛豫时间以及进一步探究GaN薄膜非线性光动力学过程的深层物理机制,采用了交叉偏振飞秒退相泵浦探测技术观察GaN薄膜的光激发载流子动力学弛豫过程。实验结果表明,在低光强下,饱和吸收效应来源于瞬态单光子吸收,高光强下单光子感应自由载流子吸收为非瞬态光动力学过程,其自由载流子弛豫时间约为17 ps。该工作将为GaN薄膜在紫外非线性纳米器件应用以及GaN薄膜非线性过程的机制分析理解提供新的思路。     

极化聚合物薄膜取向有序度及极化寿命的表征

研究了极化聚事物薄膜波导的退极化过程,提出了表征极化聚合物薄膜取向有序度和极化寿命的集成光学方法。采用集成光学中的棱镜耦合技术,测量极化前后聚合物薄膜光波导的各向异性有效折射率。通过求解各向异性介质光波导的模式本征方程,得到波导极化前后寻常光和非寻常光折射率的变化及其随时间衰减,进而得到取向有序度随时间的变化曲线。采用复合指数函数模型进行最小二乘曲线拟合,进而推测其极化寿命。实验中以键合型ＤＡＮＳ     

荧光寿命的正弦调制测量法及分析

设计并制作了光强调制度和频率可调的发光二极管驱动电路,应用这种激励源激发荧光样品Eu2L'3·nH2O(L'=C4H4O4),测量了激发光和Eu3 离子的5D0-7F2发射光的波形.实验得到的数据用按照相位法测量荧光寿命的原理用非线性最小平方曲线拟合,得到Eu3 离子激发态5D0的寿命约为0.680ms.讨论了光源调制中的高次谐波分量对测量结果的影响以及寿命具有一定分布的多指数衰减体系的测量和处理方式,提出应用傅里叶级数展开处理数据的修正方法,以扩大相位法测量荧光寿命的适用范围,得到更准确的荧光寿命值.     

反应前驱物中n(S)∶n(Cd)对CdS薄膜结构及发光特性的影响

采用化学水浴以CdCl2·H2O、CS( NH2)2、NH4Cl、NH3·H2O和去离子水作为反应前驱物制备CdS纳米晶薄膜.采用扫描电镜( SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射光谱和稳态荧光光谱,研究了反应前驱物中不同的n(S)∶n(Cd)对所制备的CdS薄膜的形貌、结构和光学性能的影响.结果表明:反应前驱物中n(S...     

CdS薄膜的化学沉积法制备及其特性的研究

用化学沉积方法在沉积温度为90℃下制备了CdS薄膜.研究了直接退火处理和涂敷CdCl2甲醇饱和溶液后退火处理对CdS薄膜的影响.利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜对薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌进行了研究,发现没有任何处理的CdS薄膜没有明显的晶型;直接退火处理促进了CdS立方相的结晶,晶粒没有增大且生长出许多细小的晶粒;涂敷CdCl2甲醇饱和溶液后退火处理不仅极大地促进了CdS六角相的结晶,而且晶粒增粗增大,表面更加光滑.用吸收光谱研究了薄膜的光学特性,发现退火使薄膜的禁带宽度变窄,涂敷CdCl2甲醇溶液后退火处理使吸收边变陡和带尾变小.表明涂敷CdCl2甲醇溶液退火处理明显改善CdS薄膜的结晶质量和光学性质.     

基于透射光谱确定溶胶凝胶ZrO2薄膜的光学常数

基于溶胶凝胶ZrO2薄膜的紫外/可见/近红外透射实验光谱,采用Swanepoel方法结合Wemple-DiDomenico色散模型,方便地导出了ZrO2薄膜在200-1200 nm波长范围内的光学常数,包括折射率、色散常数、膜层厚度、吸收系数及能量带隙.研究发现,溶胶凝胶ZrO2薄膜具有高折射率(1.63-1.93,测试波长为632.8 nm)、低吸收和直接能量带隙(4.97-5.63 eV) 等光学特性,而且其光学常数对薄膜制备过程中的重要工艺参数--膜层后处理温度表现出强烈的依赖性.此外,在膜层的弱吸收和中等吸收光谱区域内,计算得到的折射率色散曲线与分光光度法的测试结果基本符合,说明本实验中所建立的计算方法在确定溶胶凝胶ZrO2薄膜光学常数方面的可靠性.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.