飞秒脉冲激光作用下金属薄膜的热弹性研究

利用双曲-双温两步热传导和热电子崩力模型,考虑到晶格温度与应变速率的耦合效应,得到了用于描述飞秒激光作用下金属薄膜热力效应的超快热弹性模型。以飞秒脉冲激光辐照金属铜薄膜为例,运用具有人工粘性和自适应步长的有限差分算法,对不同能量密度和脉冲宽度条件下薄膜体内温度场和应力场的变化规律进行了数值模拟,对比分析了电子晶格耦合系数对超快加热过程的影响。结果表明,飞秒脉冲激光辐照早期为明显的非平衡加热过程,电子温度迅速升高,而晶格温度的升高却相对较慢;激光辐照早期的热力耦合效应导致薄膜前表面附近的热应力表现为压应力,随着时间的推移,热应力由压应力转变为张应力,为激光加工和激光对抗提供了理论参考。     

Direct observation of the temperature field during ablation of materials by multiple femtosecond laser pulses

We report a direct observation of the temperature field on a steel specimen during ablation by multiple femtosecond laser pulses using an infrared thermography technique. From the experimental results and simulation study of the temperature field, we quantified the deposited thermal power into the specimen during the ablation process. We found that more than two thirds of the incident laser power was deposited in the steel specimen when ablated by multiple femtosecond laser pulses. This result provides further understanding of the heating effect in materials processing by ultrashort laser pulses.     

Ultrafast relaxation dynamics of electronic excitations in noble-metal clusters

We investigate non-equilibrium relaxation processes in optically excited large gold and silver clusters. Time-resolved pump-probe experiments and model calculations show that optical excitation of the clusters by femtosecond laser pulses results in a heating of the electron system, which is followed by electron cooling via phonon emission. The electron heating leads to an enhanced damping of the surface-plasmon resonance in the clusters. This enhanced damping is caused by an enhancement of the Landau damping and electron scattering rates at high electron temperatures. Furthermore, we find that the rate of electron cooling in the clusters changes with electron temperature; this is a consequence of the temperature-dependent specific heat of the conduction electrons. Finally, pump-probe experiments on ellipsoidal silver clusters show that the thermal expansion of the heated clusters triggers mechanical vibrations at the acoustic eigenfrequencies of the clusters. Received: 6 December 1999 / Published online: 7 August 2000     

基于双相延迟模型的飞秒激光烧蚀金属模型

为了分析飞秒激光烧蚀过程,在双相延迟模型的基础上建立了双曲型热传导模型.模型中考虑了靶材的加热、蒸发和相爆炸,还考虑了等离子体羽流的形成和膨胀及其与入射激光的相互作用,以及光学和热物性参数随温度的变化.研究结果表明:等离子体屏蔽对飞秒激光烧蚀过程有重要的影响,特别是在激光能量密度较高时;两个延迟时间的比值对飞秒激光烧蚀过程中靶材的温度特性和烧蚀深度有较大的影响;飞秒激光烧蚀机制主要以相爆炸为主.飞秒激光烧蚀的热影响区域较小,而且热影响区域的大小受激光能量密度的影响较小.计算结果与文献中实验结果的对比表明基于双相延迟模型的飞秒激光烧蚀模型能有效对飞秒激光烧蚀过程进行模拟.     

物理参数变化对短脉冲激光激励温度场的影响

 为研究多物理参数（耦合系数、电子热导率、电子热容、晶格热容）同时随温度变化对短脉冲激光辐照金属材料产生温度场分布的影响,基于双温耦合理论,建立了短脉冲激光辐照金属材料金的加热过程的有限元求解模型。在同时考虑脉冲激光的空间、时间分布和多参数同时随温度变化的情况下,得到短脉冲激光辐照金属材料金激励产生的温度场二维瞬态分布,并进一步比较了多物理参数同时随温度变化和采用室温物理参数两种情况下温度场分布的区别。数值结果表明：多物理参数同时随温度变化使电子温度和晶格温度的上升变快,最大值变大,而且使得材料中激光穿透直接辐照到的区域温度变高。     

脉冲强激光辐照下材料响应的非傅里叶效应

 研究了在多脉冲强激光辐照下靶材的热传导与热冲击特性。基于非傅里叶导热定律和热弹性理论,推导出多脉冲激光辐照下靶材温度场和热应力场的解析式;结合适当的边界条件,以不锈钢靶材为例,利用有限差分法和Matlab计算得到了多脉冲强激光辐照下靶材内部过余温度随时间和深度演化情况以及内部热应力的演化规律。计算结果表明：多脉冲激光辐照下靶材热响应在离边界不同截面处温度波形变化出现延迟性,其滞后性能与弛豫时间有关;非傅里叶解中应力波的波前十分陡峭,具有明显的热冲击性。     

飞秒超短脉冲激光加热金属平面靶

从能流分析出发,对飞秒超短脉冲激光与金属平面靶相互作用的机制进行了理论研究,对其中主要物理过程的能流损耗作了详尽的分析,并根据一维,双温热扩散模型推导了自由电子温度随时间变化的函数关系.并从理论上推导了超短脉冲近似假设成立的脉宽范围和在此条件下自由电子所能达到的最高温度表达式.     

超快脉冲激光辐照金属薄膜热-力效应的模拟研究

基于双曲双温两步热传导和热电子崩力模型,考虑到超快脉冲激光辐照金属薄膜材料过程中的热-力耦合效应,得到了完全耦合的、非线性的超快热弹性模型.运用具有人工粘性和自适应步长的有限差分算法,以脉宽为100 fs的脉冲激光辐照200 nm厚金膜为例,对薄膜体内的电子-晶格温度及温度梯度、热应力和电子热流进行了数值模拟研究.结果表明：脉冲辐照早期为明显的非平衡加热阶段,同时形成较大的热电子崩力;电子热流出现双峰现象;超快加热引起的热应力是导致薄膜力学损伤的主要原因.     

The magneto-optical Barnett effect: Circularly polarized light induced femtosecond magnetization reversal

Magnetization reversal by a femtosecond circularly polarized laser pulse has been recently demonstrated in rare-earth doped transition metals (RE-TM). The switching mechanism has been attributed to an inverse Faraday effect and thermal effects. Based on the parameters provided in the experimental work, we show that this claim is unlikely to give rise to femtosecond reversal. Using a hybrid itinerant-localized picture of the RE-TM system, we propose a new mechanism that requires the presence of the rare earth element to reduce the symmetry of the system as well as a strong enhancement of spin-orbit coupling between the d electrons and the f moments in the presence of the laser. Our model does not require the heating close to the Curie temperature of the sample.     

Effect of vapor attenuation in surface ablation of cobalt by pulsed UV laser

Numerical calculations based on a thermal model were presented, which describe the process of target heating and ablation of cobalt during irradiation by 30-ns laser pulses at 308 nm. The attenuation of laser by vapor has been taken into account in this model. As results of the calculations, the temperature distribution beneath the target surface and the temporal evolution of surface temperature were given. The dependence of ablation rate on laser fluence was also studied based on this model. The surface ablation of cobalt with pulsed excimer laser was investigated experimentally. Our model considering proper vapor attenuation has shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results. Received: 20 January 2000 / Accepted: 13 March 2000 / Published online: 5 July 2000