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三维(立体)声场的数学分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人们的听觉器官结构近似地具有以左、右两耳联线为轴的旋转对称性出发,推证了在重发声场中,当倾听者的头部固定不动和沿水平平面或竖直平面内作微小摆动时的声像定位公式。这组公式可用以计算一个重发立体声场的声像位置畸变;也可用以导出具有最少独立信号而无声像位置畸变的许多不同的三维(立体)声系统和全景(立体)声系统。文中导出了正方排列和正三角梭锥(正四面体)排列两种型式的三维(立体)声系统作为这组公式应用之例。 相似文献
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本文利用环绕声重发的声像定位理论,对一种受到重视、很可能将被国际上广泛应用的通用环绕声系统—5通路3/2系统的声像特性进行了分析,并对系统进行了声像定位实验.理论和实验结果表明,按目前的信号馈给方式,系统可在倾听者前方产生稳定而明晰的声像;但在侧向和后方只能产生模糊和不稳定的声像(扬声器方向除外);将别是在侧向,存在着一个声像的死区,并且对侧向和后方声像来说,听音区域片不宽阔,因而作为一种通用的系统,虽然将其用作伴随图像的重发时,可获得较好的效果;但用作不伴随图像的重发时,系统并不能很好地再观原声场的空间感。由于系统存在这种不容忽视的缺陷,文中着重强调应设法在这方面对系统加以改进 相似文献
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从过去的研究结果可知:在半三维空间立体声重发系统中,由于其摈弃了上、下方向的方向信息并取消了下方的扬声器,这就使重发声像在竖直方向上产生了位置畸变。本文就在原有的左、右方向信号S,前、后方向信号D以及“和”信号M导出一个与上、下方向信息有关的辅助信号C_H,并与原来的M、S及D三个信号共同组成一组三维空间立体声的重发信号,在重发中可以产一个无声像位置畸变的重发声场。但是,辅助信号C_H并不是一个完全的方向信号,所以重发声场中的声像位置分布也只限于排列在重发声场的上(或下)方;而不是遍布于整个空间。 这种重发方式如果用于半三维空间立体声系统中时,就可用以矫正声像位置畸变现象。 相似文献
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在两扬声器虚拟声重放中,通过精确重构双耳声压而产生不同的空间听觉感知。其重放的定位性能应该是由双耳声压控制的代价和稳定性所共同决定的。过去研究主要对双耳声压控制的稳定性进行分析,并以此作为扬声器布置和信号处理的依据。该文研究表明仅对双耳声压的稳定性分析是不足以完全衡量扬声器虚拟声重放的定位性能的。进一步采用虚拟声信号处理滤波器响应平均功率对双耳声压控制的代价进行分析。结果表明,缩窄左右对称扬声器布置的张角或采用非对称扬声器布置会明显增加产生侧向目标虚拟源时的双耳声压控制代价。虚拟源(虚拟声像)定位实验表明,双耳声压控制代价增加会引起虚拟源定位缺陷。实际应用中,为了有效产生侧向虚拟源,应避免采用过窄张角(如立体声偶极)和非对称的扬声器布置。 相似文献
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When binaural sound signals are presented with two loudspeakers, the listener's ears are required to be in the relatively small region which is under control of the system. Misalignment of the head results in inaccurate synthesis of the binaural signals. Consequently, directional information associated with the acoustic signals is inaccurately reproduced. When the two loudspeakers are placed close together, the spatial rate of change of the generated sound field is much smaller than that generated by two loudspeakers spaced apart. Therefore, the performance of such a system is expected to be more robust to misalignment of the listener's head. Robustness of performance is investigated here with respect to head displacement in three translational and three rotational directions. A comparison is given between systems consisting of two loudspeakers either placed close together or spaced apart. The extent of effective control with head displacement and the resulting deterioration in directional information is investigated in the temporal and spectral domain by analyzing synthesized binaural signals. Subjective localization experiments are performed for cases in which notable differences in performance are expected from the previous analysis. It is shown that the system comprising two loudspeakers that are close together is very robust to misalignment of the listener's head. 相似文献
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典型的多通路空间声扬声器布置一般包含水平面左前、右前,高仰角左前上、右前上四个方向的扬声器。 本文提出一种利用该四个扬声器产生前方水平与垂直方向虚拟源的一阶局域Ambisonics 信号馈给法。该信号馈给法是通过对目标和重放声场进行球谐函数展开并取一阶近似得到。采用简化的头部模型和精确的头相关传输函数模型分析表明,一阶局域Ambisonics 信号馈给法可以产生合适的低频听觉定位因素,包括双耳时间差及其随头部转动的动态变化。虚拟源定位实验结果表明,该方法可以在扬声器布置的范围内,甚至在略超出扬声器布置的范围内产生不同方位角和仰角的虚拟源。因而本文的方法可用在多通路空间声重放中产生与图像配合的虚拟源定位效果。 相似文献
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考虑头部转动带来的动态因素对听觉垂直定位的贡献,提出了前方空间环绕声的四扬声器虚拟重放方法。4个扬声器分别布置在水平面左前、右前以及高仰角的左前上、右前上方向,并采用听觉传输信号处理的方法将多通路空间环绕声信号转换为4个扬声器的重放信号。以9.1通路空间环绕声虚拟重放为例,采用头相关传输函数对双耳声压及其包含的定位因素进行分析表明,该方法可以产生正确的双耳时间差及其随头部转动的变化,从而产生合适的侧向定位双耳因素和垂直定位的动态因素。而心理声学实验结果表明,该方法可以重放稳定的前方空间的水平和垂直虚拟源。因此,四扬声器布置结合听觉传输处理足以重放前方空间环绕声的垂直定位信息,实现多通路空间环绕声的向下混合与简化。 相似文献
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Watanabe K Ozawa K Iwaya Y Suzuki YI Aso K 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2007,122(5):2832-2841
Individualization of head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) is important for highly accurate sound localization systems such as virtual auditory displays. A method to estimate interaural level differences (ILDs) from a listener's anthropometry is presented in this paper to avoid the burden of direct measurement of HRTFs. The main result presented in this paper is that localization is improved with nonindividualized HRTF if ILD is fitted to the listener. First, the relationship between ILDs and the anthropometric parameters was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The azimuthal variation of the ILDs in each 1/3-octave band was then estimated from the listener's anthropometric parameters. A psychoacoustical experiment was carried out to evaluate its effectiveness. The experimental results show that the adjustment of the frequency characteristics of ILDs for a listener with the proposed method is effective for localization accuracy. 相似文献
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双耳重放的目标之一是在耳机重放中产生不同方向和距离的虚拟源感知。本文研究了动态双耳Ambisonics重放自由场虚拟源方向和距离信息的简化信号处理方法。该信号处理方法包括两步:第1步是基于目标声场的球谐函数分解,合成采用扬声器的近场Ambisonics重放中逐级重构目标声场的信号;第2步是采用虚拟扬声器重放的方法,用动态头相关函数滤波处理将Ambisonics的扬声器重放信号转换为双耳重放信号并用耳机重放。进一步研究了动态双耳Ambisonics的阶数对定位效果的影响,为简化信号处理提供依据。对重放产生的双耳声压分析表明,5阶动态双耳Ambisonics重放足以提供听觉方向定位和距离感知的重要信息。同时心理声学的实验结果表明,结合声源距离相关的响度因素,5阶动态双耳Ambisonics重放可产生不同方向和1.0 m以下不同近场距离的自由场虚拟源的听觉感知。本文的方法仅需要固定距离的48个均匀空间方向的远场非个性化HRTF处理,实现了信号处理的简化。 相似文献
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The perception in a listener of the existence of a “virtual” source of sound at a prescribed spatial position can be produced by ensuring that the acoustic signals at the listener's ears faithfully replicate those that would be produced by a “real” source at the same position. When loudspeakers are used to transmit the signals, it is necessary to pass the signals intended for presentation at the listener's ears through a matrix of filters that provide the inverse of the matrix of transfer functions that relates the loudspeaker input signals to the listener's ear signals. The characteristics of such filter matrices are profoundly influenced by the conditioning of the matrix to be inverted. This filter design problem is reviewed here by representing the loudspeakers as simple point monopole sources the head of the listener as a rigid sphere. The case of a virtual acoustic imaging system that uses two loudspeakers in order to reproduce the signals at the two ears is first described in some detail and previous work is reviewed. It is confirmed that the time domain response of the reproduced field is of long duration at frequencies where the inversion problem is ill-conditioned. The influence of the presence of the listener's head on this time domain behaviour is also evaluated. The principle is then extended to four input-four output reproduction systems and the computational model is used to explain some previous experimental observations. Finally, the conditioning of five input-four output systems is also examined and shown to have some potentially desirable characteristics. 相似文献