两种延迟线玻璃材料的超声衰减

本文应用超声脉冲回波技术,测量了两种延迟线玻璃材料SiO_2和FO_5的超声衰减,给出15K至300K温度条件下、10MHz至250MHz频率范围内两种材料的超声衰减系数随频率和温度的变化关系。实验结果表明。在50K温度附近出现一个大的吸收峰,在150K以上温区衰减系数与频率的关系近似成平方规律。最后,对实验结果进行了讨论。     

基于空耦超声的复合材料黏弹性评价方法*

复合材料的黏弹性是表征其内在阻尼机制的重要力学特性,而内在阻尼机制是材料安全性能的一个重要评价指标。该文提出了空气耦合超声波的材料黏弹性评价方法。首先讨论了黏弹性进行评价的相关理论,利用接触式超声波底面回波法与空气耦合超声波透射法对比验证,其结果基本一致,证明了空气耦合超声对材料黏弹性检测的有效性。并且对一批不同铺层方向的碳纤维复合材料进行了评价,其结果与期望值完全相符,验证了该方法的可行性和准确性,为复合材料的动态力学特性评价和安全评价提供了新的思路。     

X射线TICT在复合材料工件检测中的能谱硬化修正模型

X射线TICT中,由于X射线能谱具有多色性, X射线在透射物质时,能量较低的射线优先被吸收,也即较高能量的X射线的衰减系数比较低能量的X射线的衰减系数小,射线随透射厚度增大,变得更易穿透,也就是发生了能谱硬化现象。如不加修正,必引起赝像。文中对能谱硬化现象进行了分析,探讨了X射线TICT在复合材料工件检测中, X射线的衰减系数与透射厚度的关系, 并根据Beer定律和X射线与复合材料作用的特点, 推导出X射线TICT在复合材料工件检测中, 严谨精确的能谱硬化修正模型及其修正方法。对修正后的衰减系数再做卷积反投影重构, 即可有效消除能谱硬化造成的影响。     

声子晶体材料的吸收对弹性波缺陷模的影响

为了研究声子晶体材料的吸收对缺陷模的影响,引入复波数,推导出一维掺杂声子晶体的转移矩阵,计算了衰减系数和周期数对透射波和反射波中缺陷模的影响。得出:当周期数一定时,衰减系数对一维掺杂声子晶体的透射波和反射波中的缺陷模都有显著的影响,缺陷模的峰值随衰减系数的增加而迅速减小,缺陷模的宽度随衰减系数的增加而增大。当衰减系数一定时,缺陷模的峰值和宽度都随周期数的增加而迅速减小。     

金属有机骨架复合体的相变热特性测试

本文对SA/Cr-MIL-101-NH_2复合相变材料进行了结构的表征及测试,采用Hotdisk法热常数分析仪测量热导率,通过比较法测量得到其比热容,并由差示扫描量热仪测量复合材料的相变特性,采用伪超临界路径方法模拟了SA在受限空间内的相变过程。研究结果表明:质量分数为70%的SA/Cr-MIL-101-NH_2复合材料热导率相比于纯SA提升了64.8%,增强了整个材料的传热性能,复合材料的比热容、熔点、潜热均随着负载量的增大逐渐增大,但均小于块材SA,质量分数为70%的复合材料潜热达到115.53 J/g,保证了材料的蓄热性能;模拟得到受限空间内SA的回转半径小于自由空间,链段柔韧性增强,导致其熔点降低。     

一个含电流一智能悬臂梁结构振动性实验研究

制作了一种含电流变体材料的悬臂梁结构,采用自由振动法测量了梁的阻尼特性,结果表明,随着外加电场强度的增加,梁的对数衰减系数和阻尼明显增加,即劝衰减速度加快并很快达到静止状态。     

两种纤维增强复合材料连续激光烧蚀阈值测量及吸收特性分析

 通过双积分球-光电管测试系统和摄像记录的方法,对芳纶纤维/环氧和碳纤维/环氧两种复合材料在1.319 μm连续激光作用下的烧蚀阈值和烧蚀过程中材料对激光能量的吸收特性进行了实验研究。结果表明：芳纶纤维/环氧复合材料的平均烧蚀阈值随材料厚度增加而降低,碳纤维/环氧复合材料的平均烧蚀阈值不受材料厚度影响,约为70 W/cm²;两种纤维增强复合材料烧蚀前的反射率随激光功率增加而缓慢增大,芳纶纤维/环氧材料从0.40变化到0.45,碳纤维/环氧材料从0.15变化到0.20;当发生烧蚀时,芳纶纤维/环氧材料的反射率急剧下降,吸收率增大,碳纤维/环氧材料的反射率无明显变化,吸收率约为0.80。     

硫酸处理的ZN-1阻尼材料的黏接性能

ZN-1阻尼材料由于具有优异的阻尼减震性能而作为夹层材料广泛用于各种阻尼结构的设计中，但其缺点是与硬铝（LY12）等金属的黏接性能较差。要改善其黏接性能，必须采用适宜的表面处理方式对其表面进行处理。试验证明，采用浓硫酸浸泡可以很好的改善其黏接性能，研究了ZN-1阻尼材料在浓硫酸中的浸泡时间对其与LY12黏接性能的影响，同时考核了ZN—1阻尼材料经酸处理后制作的黏接试样的贮存性能。     

树脂硫化剂对丁基橡胶硫化胶阻尼行为的影响

研究了树脂硫化剂硫化丁基橡胶材料的阻尼性能，同时对相应的阻尼机理进行了研究，以期对这类阻尼材料的阻尼机制获得更深刻的认识和了解。     

复合材料的超声检测与评价

由于复合材料在工业上得到了广泛的应用，使工业界对复合材料的超声无损检测与评价技术提出了更高的要求，在复合材料超声检测与评价中遇到了一些新问题，因而也就有新发现，本文介绍了纤维增强复合材料超声检测与评价技术的某些进展。     

水下低频声信号的激光探测及波的衰减

为了探测几十赫兹的低频水下声信号,建立了水下低频声信号的光学探测系统,得到了稳定、清晰的衍射图样.得到了衍射图样的宽度与声源距离的变化关系,声源距离越小,衍射图样越宽.当水下声波传至水表面后,实验上得到了表面声波的衰减特性,理论上得到了衍射图样的角宽度和液体表面波振幅的解析关系式.发现表面波振幅的衰减随距离是指数型衰减.并研究了衰减系数随频率的变化,频率不同衰减系数也不同,而且频率越大,衰减系数越小.     

Response of multiple coupled dynamic systems

Analytical procedures are developed to investigate the nature of the response of multiple coupled dynamic systems. The dynamic systems are one-dimensional and are coupled at junctions. The spatial extents of the dynamic systems are determined by these junctions; a dynamic system terminates at these junctions. The junctions are characterized by assigning reflection and transmission coefficients at the terminal positions of the dynamic systems. In addition, a dynamic system is characterized by a single propagation wavenumber. The wavenumber may be complex, accounting for possible spatial attenuation and for distributed damping in the dynamic system. Further damping—edge damping—may be accounted for by assigning non-conservative coefficients at the junction. Quadratic forms describing the dynamics of multiple coupled dynamic systems are also presented and discussed. Relationship of such forms to the statistical energy analysis (SEA) of complex dynamic systems is touched upon. This paper is concerned chiefly with the development of analytical procedures. Examples of application of these procedures will be dealt with in subsequent publications.     

The measurement of A0 and S0 lamb wave attenuation to determine the normal and shear stiffnesses of a compressively loaded interface

Guided waves in an elastic plate surrounded by air propagate with very low attenuation. This paper describes the effect on this propagation of compressively loading an elastomer with high internal damping against one surface of the elastic plate. The propagation of both A0 and S0 Lamb modes is considered. The principal effect is shown to be increased attenuation of the guided waves. This attenuation is caused by leakage of energy from the plate into the elastomer, where it is dissipated due to high viscoelastic damping. It is shown that the increase in attenuation is strongly dependent on the compressive load applied across the solid-solid interface. This interface is represented as a spring layer in a continuum model of the system. Both normal and shear stiffnesses of the interface are quantified from the attenuation of A0 and S0 Lamb waves measured at each step of the compressive loading. The normal stiffness is also measured independently by normal incidence, bulk longitudinal wave ultrasound. The resulting predictions of wave propagation behavior, such as attenuation, obtained by the model are in excellent agreement with those measured experimentally.     

Ultrasonic waves propagation in absorbing thin plates application to paper characterization

Guided wave theory is applied to a thin orthotropic and absorbing plate for low frequency propagation of ultrasonic waves. The aim of this paper is to give some physical interpretations of the non-destructive characterization of paper materials, which are cellulosic fibrous networks. It is shown that the propagation problem reduces to two normal modes of propagation in the plane of the plate. Each of them depends on four complex and independent stiffnesses that are combinations of elementary complex stiffnesses of the media. The imaginary part of these stiffnesses corresponds to a possible mechanism of energy dissipation during the wave propagation for this kind of material. The reverse problem, which gives four complex values, is then numerically solved using a small attenuation assumption. The specially designed experimental set-up has led to the first measurements of tracing paper damping factors. The phase velocity measurements of the plate waves agree with the results already found by several paper researchers. As a particular and new result, the shear wave velocities are found to present a quasi-isotropic repartition in the plane of the paper sheet. It was found that the absorbing phenomenon can occur for each propagation mode in such a material. The attenuation values are small, except for one of them that corresponds to a coupling term in the propagation model. The anisotropy of their repartition is also shown in the case of quasi-longitudinal waves.     

Measurement of mass attenuation coefficients for undoped and boron nitride–doped magnesium diboride superconductors in the x-ray region 8.04–59.5 keV

In this study, mass attenuation coefficients of the undoped and 2% boron nitride–doped magnesium diboride superconductor samples were investigated. Mass attenuation coefficients were measured at 8.04–59.5?keV x-ray energies by using a high-purity germanium detector with a resolution of 182?eV at 5.9?keV. It is observed that mass attenuation coefficients in undoped and doped magnesium diboride samples decrease with increasing photon energy, and doping with the boron nitride leads to increase the absorption of the electromagnetic radiation.     

Ultrasonic shear wave properties of soft tissues and tissuelike materials

Determinations of shear wave speeds of sound and attenuation coefficients are reported for soft tissues, a silicone rubber reference material, and a gel used in manufacturing ultrasonically tissue-mimicking materials. Fresh bovine tissues were investigated, including calfskin, liver, cardiac muscle, and striated muscle. Because of the very large shear wave attenuation coefficients, reasonably accurate determinations of shear wave properties are difficult to make. The quantity measured directly was the complex reflection coefficient for shear waves at a planar interface between the sample and fused silica. Measurements were made at frequencies spanning the range 2-14 MHz. The shear wave attenuation coefficients increase with frequency and are of the order of 10(4) times the longitudinal wave attenuation coefficients. The shear wave speeds of sound also increase with frequency but are only a few percent of the longitudinal wave speeds of sound. The results are accurate enough to allow frequency dependencies to be proposed.     

动力吸振器中库仑阻尼对吸振性能的影响

研究了动力吸振器中库仑阻尼(干摩擦)对吸振性能的影响。给出了库仑摩擦模型,在考虑了吸振器中的库仑阻尼的情况下,分析了库仑阻尼引起的主振动系统与附加质量块的2种相对运动状态(滑移和粘滞)以及它们存在和转换的条件,讨论了因库仑阻尼引起的吸振器自由度冻结现象;用Simulink仿真工具对非线性吸振器进行了数值仿真,研究了谐波和白噪声激励下库仑阻尼对吸振器吸振性能的影响以及库仑阻尼与线性阻尼的等效问题。结果显示:弱激励条件下,非线性吸振器减弱吸振效果,强激励条件下增强吸振效果。     

Noise control by barriers—Part 2: Noise reduction by an absorptive barrier

This paper presents a method of estimating the excess attenuation of a noise by an absorptive barrier covered with sound-absorbing materials. The approximate theory of diffraction by the absorptive barrier is derived from rigorous theory for a hard barrier. A single chart, which may be very convenient for the rapid estimation of the effect of absorption (the increase of the excess attenuation caused by the absorbing treatment of the barrier) in the practice of noise control, is presented. The validity of the method developed in this paper is confirmed by comparing estimated with measured values.     

Ultrasonic absorption in liver tissue.

Ultrasonic attenuation coefficients were measured in mammalian liver for frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 10 MHz and for a range of sample preparations. Certain preparative procedures were found to greatly increase the low-frequency attenuation coefficient due to the introduction of bubbles into the sample. The low-frequency attenuation was reduced by storage at low temperatures or by pressurization, each caused the bubbles to go into solution, resulting in an attenuation coefficient that was a simple power function of frequency. Absorption coefficients of in vitro and in vivo samples were found to be similar and to show much less dependence on sample preparation than the attenuation measurements. These studies suggest that properties of carefully prepared in vitro samples are indicative of the in vivo properties.