激光陀螺稳频稳锁区控制参数测试系统

稳频稳锁区控制系统对提高激光陀螺的性能有着重要意义。设计了激光陀螺稳频稳锁区控制系统,并开发了稳频稳锁区控制参数测试系统。结合某型激光陀螺进行了试验验证。结果表明,该系统完全满足陀螺控制系统参数测试的需求,符合陀螺设计指标。     

四频差动激光陀螺小抖动稳频初步研究

为避免传统光强差稳频方式的缺陷,提出了四频差动激光陀螺小抖动稳频方法.从四频陀螺工作原理出发,分析了小抖动稳频的特性和难点,如鉴频灵敏度较低、陀螺参量不当时工作点有严重偏移、工作模式不易判别、陀螺零漂受稳频精度影响大.针对每一难点提出,解决办法,特别是极低噪声电路的设计技术是提高四频陀螺小抖动稳频精度的关键.提出的解决方案为进一步实验研究提供了理论指导.     

异面腔四频差动激光陀螺的小抖动稳频

为了解决光强差稳频系统易受光电元件参量影响的问题,设计了一套用于异面腔四频差动激光陀螺的小抖动稳频系统。采用高频放大和幅度检波电路检出四频差动激光陀螺顺时针(或逆时针)输出光束的拍频幅度,然后用模数转换器采集到数字信号处理器(DSP)内。四频差动激光陀螺正常工作时拍频幅度取极大值,因此可通过对腔长进行小抖动调制实现稳频。利用DSP设计了一套数字式稳频系统,1 s取样的稳频精度为2×10-9,更重要的是稳频点不受光电元件参量变化的影响。设计的小抖动稳频电路精度高、通用性好,对提高四频差动激光陀螺适应恶劣环境的能力有一定的价值。     

有限冲击响应滤波器在四频激光陀螺中的应用

针对目前四频差动激光陀螺光学解调方案可靠性和温度特性差的特点,介绍一种基于FPGA的数字拍频解调方案。分析了四频差动激光陀螺数字拍频解调对电路系统的需求,对数字拍频解调的关键部件低通滤波器进行了设计与实现。根据四频差动激光陀螺的特性参数计算滤波器的通带截止频率及阻带截止频率,使用MATLAB的滤波器设计和分析工具FDATool完成了有限冲击响应（FIR）数字滤波器的参数设计,并利用Xilinx公司的FPGA集成开发环境ISE实现FIR数字滤波器的片上系统设计。仿真和实验结果表明,所设计的FIR数字滤波器对四频差动激光陀螺的和频分量衰减达到-66 dB,满足四频差动激光陀螺拍频解调的需求,并有助于实现四频差动激光陀螺的小型化和数字化。     

全反射棱镜式激光陀螺自适应稳频技术

针对全反射棱镜式激光陀螺在稳频过程中相敏信号易受噪声干扰的现象,研究了全反射棱镜式激光陀螺自适应稳频技术。理论分析了全反射棱镜式激光陀螺的稳频特性,结合自适应噪声对消原理,建立了全反射棱镜式激光陀螺自适应稳频系统的数学模型。通过硬件电路设计,搭建了基于递归最小二乘算法的自适应稳频控制系统。分别对原有稳频技术与自适应稳频技术进行了实验测试,实验结果表明,自适应稳频能有效消除噪声对相敏信号的干扰,稳频精度提高了近一个数量级,陀螺精度相应提高了60%以上。此分析结果为提高全反射棱镜式激光陀螺的性能提供了重要参考。     

全反射棱镜式激光陀螺自适应稳频技术EI北大核心CSCD

针对全反射棱镜式激光陀螺在稳频过程中相敏信号易受噪声干扰的现象,研究了全反射棱镜式激光陀螺自适应稳频技术。理论分析了全反射棱镜式激光陀螺的稳频特性,结合自适应噪声对消原理,建立了全反射棱镜式激光陀螺自适应稳频系统的数学模型。通过硬件电路设计,搭建了基于递归最小二乘算法的自适应稳频控制系统。分别对原有稳频技术与自适应稳频技术进行了实验测试,实验结果表明,自适应稳频能有效消除噪声对相敏信号的干扰,稳频精度提高了近一个数量级,陀螺精度相应提高了60%以上。此分析结果为提高全反射棱镜式激光陀螺的性能提供了重要参考。     

基于DSP的激光陀螺稳频回路设计及其参数整定

针对某小型化激光陀螺,对基于TMS320F2810数字信号处理芯片（DSP）的激光陀螺交流抖动稳频回路设计及其参数整定进行了理论分析、Matlab数值仿真和实验研究。TMS320F2810这款芯片具有集成度高、处理速度快、功耗低和性价比高等突出优点,有利于实现激光陀螺控制系统的小型化。基于这款DSP芯片实现了某小型化激光陀螺的交流抖动稳频回路的软、硬件设计,使用衰减曲线法得到了该型激光陀螺经优化后的PID控制参数（Kp=0.048,Ki=0.059,Kd=0.013）,并根据国军标对稳频回路进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,稳频控制回路经过PID参数整定后,该小型化激光陀螺的零偏稳定性从0.025/h降到0.014/h,该稳频控制回路在目标型号激光陀螺上满足预期的性能指标要求。     

四频差动激光陀螺工作点的选择

当四频差动激光陀螺工作于增益曲线上左、右旋陀螺比例因子相等位置时,误差因素在拍频的差动中得到较好的抵消,因而具有较优的性能。为了从实验上寻找该最佳工作点,对四频差动激光陀螺拍频表达式进行了分析,发现静态下和频的电压扫描曲线呈抛物线变化,而且当左、右旋陀螺比例因子相等时,和频的电压扫描曲线处于转折点。设计了实验通过和频电压扫描曲线得到了理论最佳工作点,在不同工作点下对陀螺进行测试,根据其零偏稳定性随工作点的变化趋势,得到了实测最佳工作点。对某型5个陀螺的多次实验表明,由和频电压扫描曲线得到的理论最佳工作点与实测最佳工作点基本一致,最大误差2Hz。该方法可作为四频陀螺选择最佳工作点的参考方法。     

基于FPGA的四频陀螺信号解调系统的设计与仿真

为了简化四频差动激光陀螺的信号读出系统,采用了一种基于FPGA实现的数字电路解调方案取代传统的合光棱镜中的1／4波片和偏振片来分离左、右旋陀螺信号。简述了四频差动激光陀螺的信号读出原理及解调电路方案,设计了主要由A／D转换器和FPGA构成的四频陀螺信号读出系统。通过Quartus Ⅱ等EDA工具在软件上对系统予以了实现,并针对其主要功能模块进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明,将四频陀螺信号转化为数字信号后,利用FPGA实现信号解调并最终达到分离左、右旋陀螺信号的方案是可行的,该方案将有助于全数字化激光陀螺的研制。     

四频激光陀螺性能与室温的相关性研究

室温条件下温度对四频激光陀螺零漂的影响非常复杂.为尝试定性找出温度影响陀螺零漂的机理,对室温下陀螺零漂、表面温度、两路信号的光强差及光强和、两臂放电电流差以及和频进行实时监控测试,通过分析计算各个参数与温度的相关系数.得出以下结论:四频激光陀螺各个参数与温度的相关系数随陀螺运行时间的长短而不同,并且陀螺各参数与温度相关系数的逐次偏差也较大,陀螺室温下的温度补偿对四频激光陀螺性能的改善十分有限;室温下和频与温度具有较好的线性关系.但线性比例系数是变化的.     

环形谐振腔频率响应特性研究

分析了方形环形谐振腔对S线偏光和P线偏光的频率响应特性,发现输入两个频率间隔相差很小的S线偏光和P线偏光都能引起环形谐振腔的谐振,其中S线偏光谐振峰频率特性更适于环形谐振腔的稳频。通过搭建环形谐振腔频率响应特性测试系统,从实验上验证了理论计算的正确性。对于环形谐振腔的稳频和调腔具有参考意义。     

Open-loop frequency response for a chaotic masking system

In this paper, a new numerical simulation approach is proposed for the study of open-loop frequency response of a chaotic masking system. Using Chua's circuit and the Lorenz system as illustrative examples, we have shown that one can employ chaos synchronization to separate the feedback network from a chaotic masking system, and then use numerical simulation to obtain the open-loop synchronization response, the phase response, and the amplitude response of a chaotic masking system. Based on the analysis of the frequency response, we have also proved that changing the amplitude of the exciting (input) signal within normal working domain does not influence the frequency response of the chaotic masking system. The new numerical simulation method developed in this paper can be extended to consider the open-loop frequency response of other systems described by differential or difference equations.     

Simulating the open-loop transfer function as a means for understanding acoustic feedback in hearing aids

Suppressing unstable acoustic feedback in hearing aids will first require knowledge of the open-loop transfer functions of such systems. Reported herein is a mathematical technique for simulating the open-loop transfer function of an in situ eyeglass-type hearing aid. In particular, a computer program was developed that characterized the hearing aid as a serial connection of two-port blocks, each representing one individual component of a hearing aid. Included, for example, were two-port blocks representing the microphone, amplifier, receiver, sound tubes leading to the eardrum (including the ear canal itself), earmold vent, and external pathway from the vent outlet back to the microphone. The computer program was validated by replicating laboratory data derived from an experiment involving a nonstandard manikin fitted with a nonstandard artificial ear. Next, the open-loop transfer function of an eyeglass-type hearing aid in situ on the manikin was simulated via the computer program. Unfortunately, those computer-generated data were not replicated in the laboratory due to the difficulty encountered in actually measuring the open-loop transfer function. Nevertheless, investigators were able to utilize those data to predict, within +/- 25 Hz, the "squeal" frequency of unstable acoustic feedback.     

Control of spatiotemporal disorder in parametrically excited surface waves

Interacting surface waves, parametrically excited by two commensurate frequencies, yield a number of nonlinear states. Near the system's bicritical point, a state, highly disordered in space and time, results from competition between nonlinear states. Experimentally, this disordered state can be rapidly stabilized to a variety of nonlinear states via open-loop control with a small-amplitude third frequency excitation, whose temporal symmetry governs the temporal and the spatial symmetry of the selected nonlinear state. This technique also excites rapid switching between nonlinear states.     

The hearing aid feedback path: mathematical simulations and experimental verification

Acoustic feedback in hearing aids has received little attention in the literature. Feedback occurs when stability conditions of the open-loop transfer function of an in situ hearing aid are violated. Solving the feedback problem will first require knowledge of the open-loop transfer function. Included in the open-loop transfer function is the acoustical path by which sound emanating from the earmold vent returns to the microphone (i.e., the feedback path). Reported herein are two different mathematical procedures for simulating transfer functions of the feedback path of an eyeglass-type hearing aid. In one procedure the vent exit was modeled as a point source of sound located on a flat plane, while it was treated as a point source on a sphere in the other. Results of laboratory experiments indicate that the mathematical models accurately predict those acoustic phenomena for which they were intended: point sources on plane and spherical baffles. Results of manikin experiments showed both models to be less accurate for simulating the feedback path around the human head. The maximum difference between experiment and theory was 6 dB at one frequency. Surprisingly, the flat-baffle model produced better agreement with experimental results than did the sphere model.     

激光陀螺光强扫模曲线模高的影响因素与改善途径分析

激光陀螺光强扫模曲线是陀螺稳频的依据,也是激光陀螺环形激光器振荡特性的基本表征,同时也是陀螺性能好坏的重要标志之一。通过引入新的参量——模高,描述光强扫模曲线的其他特征。光强扫模曲线模高是在腔长变化一个0.6328 μm条件下对应光强的最大变化量,是反映光强扫模曲线尖锐度的特征量,该特征量与陀螺稳频精度、稳频响应时间等物理量直接相关,模高越大,则对应的稳频精度就越高,稳频响应时间越短。通过对激光陀螺扫模过程中模高产生的物理机理进行理论分析,确定出了影响模高的主要因素。通过理论分析、数值仿真得出:采取增大球面镜曲率半径、增大腔长、降低损耗、增大增益等措施,可使激光陀螺光强扫模曲线的模高增大3倍以上,这对于提升稳频精度、缩短稳频响应时间、降低陀螺比例因子非线性度误差、提高激光陀螺快速稳定性等具有重要的指导意义和工程实用价值。     

一种新型的用于差分吸收激光雷达中脉冲式光学参量振荡器的种子激光器的频率稳定方法

提出了一种新型的用于差分吸收激光雷达中脉冲式光学参量振荡器的种子激光器的频率稳定方法. 详细介绍了该稳频方法的工作原理和实验装置, 并在理论上对该方法的稳频精度及其影响因素进行了分析. 利用该方法, 在实验中将种子光激光器稳定在水汽的吸收峰中心(935.6849 nm)处, 频率抖动的标准差小于8 MHz. 测试了种子注入后的光学参量振荡器输出的脉冲光的频率抖动, 测试结果表明, 脉冲光频率能够与种子光保持一致, 频率抖动的标准差小于28.7 MHz, 该稳频结果完全能够满足差分吸收激光雷达的需求.     

Transfer function modeling and analysis of the open-loop Buck converter using the fractional calculus

Based on the fact that the real inductor and the real capacitor are fractional order in nature and the fractional calculus,the transfer function modeling and analysis of the open-loop Buck converter in a continuous conduction mode(CCM) operation are carried out in this paper.The fractional order small signal model and the corresponding equivalent circuit of the open-loop Buck converter in a CCM operation are presented.The transfer functions from the input voltage to the output voltage,from the input voltage to the inductor current,from the duty cycle to the output voltage,from the duty cycle to the inductor current,and the output impedance of the open-loop Buck converter in CCM operation are derived,and their bode diagrams and step responses are calculated,respectively.It is found that all the derived fractional order transfer functions of the system are influenced by the fractional orders of the inductor and the capacitor.Finally,the realization of the fractional order inductor and the fractional order capacitor is designed,and the corresponding PSIM circuit simulation results of the open-loop Buck converter in CCM operation are given to confirm the correctness of the derivations and the theoretical analysis.     

基于匹配算法的脉冲差分吸收CO2激光雷达的稳频研究

利用差分吸收激光雷达探测大气CO₂, 可以获得其浓度的垂直分布, 对于研究碳源、碳汇的过程有重要意义. 设计了一套种子注入的脉冲差频激光器系统, 作为差分吸收激光雷达的激光光源. 针对脉冲差分吸收CO₂激光雷达on波长的高精度稳频的研究空白, 本文提出一种基于匹配的on波长的连续稳频算法. 其基本思想是采用分子饱和吸收法, 测量通过双路吸收池后的差分信号, 计算其光学厚度值(optical depth, OD), 获得实测的伪吸收谱, 当监测到on波长发漂移后, 进行连续的波长调节, 获取其OD值, 最后基于一维的图像匹配算法, 将OD值作为灰度值, 利用图像匹配原理, 进行OD值匹配, 确定当前输出波长在伪吸收谱中的位置, 进而调节至on波长, 实现on波长的连续、稳定输出. 实验结果表明, 提出的稳频算法能够很好的满足高精度的稳频要求, 同时差平方和法在该应用中是最优的, 稳频精度可达到0.3 pm.