新型宽频高效吸声体通过鉴定

由上海市环保局下达、上海大学承担、同济大学协作完成的新型宽频高效吸声体于1996年10月3O日通过了科学技术鉴定。新型宽频高效吸声体，是在分析研究国内外现有吸声体的基础上，采用经济实用的玻璃棉管和硬质矿渣棉板吸声材料，通过不同布置方法的科学组合，充分发挥并提高了吸声材料的降噪作用，取得了低频吸声系数高（。125为0．5－0．8、。25。为0．8一卫．O）、单位吸声量的重量轻（wt20kg／m2）、单位吸声量的价格低（10元／m2）的成果，解决了常用吸声材料和吸声结构低频吸声系数低的问题，填补了国内空白，具有国内领先水平。该型吸声体广泛应用于建筑声学和噪声控制工程，例如各类体育馆、礼堂、剧院、百     

吸声型薄膜声学超材料低频宽带吸声性能研究*

本文根据吸声型薄膜声学超材料的吸声机理，在传统的吸声型薄膜声学超材料结构的基础上引入质量非对称结构， 优化了不同厚度质量片的排布方式，并根据优化结果制备了能够实现低频宽带吸声效果的薄膜声学超材料样品。对其进行声学实验的测试结果显示，样品在 100-1000Hz 频率范围内的平均吸声系数达 0.25，并在 250-800Hz 频率范围内出现了多个共振吸收峰，且实验测得的吸声系数曲线与仿真曲线的趋势有较高的一致性。因此该样品实现了低频宽带吸声。     

对称折叠通道结构的低频通风吸声体*

为了消除或减少低频噪声,该文 提出了一种低频通风超材料吸声体,该吸声体由对称的折叠通道结构组成,具有深度亚波长、高通风空间占比和低频高效吸声的特性.通过传递矩阵方法、有限元模拟和四麦克风实验法,揭示了对称折叠通道结构通风吸声的物理机制.首先在理论上分析单个吸声体的通风吸声性能并进行了仿真模拟,在共振频率423 Hz附近,吸声系数大于0.9,通风空间占比高达40%.吸声单体的共振频率可通过改变折叠通道的长度来灵活调控,组合多个不同共振频率的吸声单体可以拓宽吸声体的有效吸声带宽.由四个吸声单体组合的通风吸声体可实现314－366 Hz频率范围内的高效声吸收(吸声系数大于0.8),且通风空间占比达到35%,而结构厚度仅为314 Hz时波长的1/10.该低频通风吸声体具有结构简单、结构强度高和容易制造等特点,在低频通风降噪领域有着潜在的应用前景．     

亚运会大学生体育馆空间吸声体的设计和应用

大学生体育馆于1988年10月竣工,是亚运会工程中首先交付使用的体育场馆之一,全国农运会的球类、体操等比赛项目和闭幕式在该馆进行,通过使用,普遍反映语言清晰度高、声场均匀、噪声水平低和没有音质缺陷。 该馆采用屋架暴露(球节点网架)不设吊顶的建筑形式,使馆内有效容积巨增,每座占容积13.9m~3,是目前国内同类体育馆的2倍。在如此巨大的容积内,用有限的投资和声学处理面积达到预期的声学效果,是通过空间吸声体的合理设计和应用实现的。本文仅就空间吸声体的设计和应用作概要的介绍。     

关于微穿孔板吸声体频带宽度极限的讨论

依据马大猷教授的微穿孔板吸声体准确理论,利用计算机辅助设计对于该结构频带宽度极限情况从理论上进行了讨论,把极限频宽和最大吸声系数的制约关系量化,并得到此情况下应用于低频或高频环境孔径的选用范围,以及此情况下板厚和穿孔率与传统观念不同的特点。以上分析结果以及所提供的结构参数为宽频带微穿孔板的具体设计提供有价值的参考。     

扩散吸声体的优化设计

由于扩散吸声体(Diffsorber)同时兼顾了扩散和吸声两方面的性能,在小房间的声学环境控制中有着特殊的功能。在比较成熟声吸收和声扩散理论的基础上,结合数论中的伪随机理论,提出利用吸声材料本身的声阻抗实现伪随机分布的新优化设计手段,并利用计算机编程实现,由此设计了多种不同吸声效果的扩散吸声体,以满足不同场合的需要。实验结果表明新方法的有效性。同时探讨了新型吸声扩散体的应用潜力。     

基于二次剩余序列的扩散吸声体的研究

本文对基于二次剩余序列的声学结构的吸声性能进行实验研究，并定性分析了它的吸声机理．研究表明，除了结构振动所产生的损耗之外，更重要的吸收源是结构表面由于声干涉所形成的附加声阻抗的影响．     

覆面层对玻璃棉吸声性能的影响

本文通过试验探讨了四种覆面怪对玻璃板吸声性能的影响，结果表明：在不同频率范围，铝箔及穿孔铝穆面层对的吸声性能影响较大，而玻纤毡和橡胶面层的影响较小。     

造价低廉的圆柱形空间吸声体的设计与应用

本文通过空间吸声体的造价分析，分析了所设计的以镀锌电焊网为骨架的一种圆柱形空间吸声体，这种空间吸声体结构简单，造价低廉，比常规做法节省资金约５０％，将这种吸声体用于济南铁路体育馆的声学改造工程，收到了良好效果。     

耦合声阻抗在扩散吸声体设计中的应用研究

为解决小房间的音质设计问题,需要设计不同的扩散吸声体。利用共振吸声的边缘效应,通过不同共振频率的共振器耦合共振时的非线性声阻抗变化组合,形成既能高效吸声,又能均匀散射的声学界面。数值分析及实验结果表明,新型的扩散吸声体内部没有任何传统吸声材料的情况下,单位面积吸声量在中低频段可达1.3 m2,在高频段由于非线性声阻抗与共振器的辐射阻抗不匹配影响,相应吸声量降低到0.7 m2左右。耦合声阻抗的运用使得新型扩散吸声体吸声的效率高,频带宽,免去传统吸声材料的使用,在小房间的声学应用中具有突出的优势。     

A note on the relationship between the sound absorption by microperforated panels and panel/membrane-type absorbers

The sound absorption mechanism of microperforated panel (MPP) absorbers and panel/membrane-type absorbers is both based on a certain resonance system and utilising its resonance effect. However, the relationship between the absorption mechanisms of MPPs and panel/membrane-type absorbers has not been discussed: it is not clarified whether they can occur simultaneously, or how they interfere each other. On the other hand, in a previous study there is an attempt to cause both absorption mechanisms simultaneously. In this paper, using an electro-acoustical equivalent circuit model, their sound absorption mechanisms and their relationship are discussed. In this study, three cases are considered: (1) the case in which only the mass reactance of the MPP is considered, (2) the case in which the losses of the panel is considered, and (3) the case in which the sound absorption of the back wall surface is considered. The results suggest that the microperforated panel absorption, which is Helmhotz-type resonance, and the panel/membrane-type absorption can be regarded as phenomena of the same kind which can be smoothly transformed into each other by changing a parameter, and can be consistently modelled and comprehensively discussed.     

多层微穿孔板结构声学性能计算方法对比分析

计算多层微穿孔板结构声学特性方法传统主要用声电类比法,目前出现阻抗转移法和传递矩阵法,对比分析这三种计算方法,同时进行相应的实验验证。结果表明:阻抗转移法和传递矩阵法实质上是相同的,这两种方法计算结果与实验结果吻合良好。声电类比法在空腔较大时计算结果偏离实验值,原因是声电类比法采用集总参数分析,计算多层结构时,空腔单元只考虑声顺,忽略声质量,导致误差。阻抗转移法和传递矩阵法不存在这一误差,计算准确。     

Vibroacoustic properties of thin micro-perforated panel absorbers

This paper presents theoretical and experimental results on the influence of panel vibrations on the sound absorption properties of thin micro-perforated panel absorbers (MPPA). Measurements show that the absorption performance of thin MPPAs generates extra absorption peaks or dips that cannot be understood assuming a rigid MPPA. A theoretical model is established that accounts for structural-acoustic interaction between the micro-perforated panel and the backing cavity, assuming uniform conservative boundary conditions for the panel and separable coordinates for the cavity cross-section. This model is verified experimentally against impedance tube measurements and laser vibrometric scans of the cavity-backed panel response. It is shown analytically and experimentally that the air-frame relative velocity is a key factor that alters the input acoustic impedance of thin MPPAs. Coupled mode analysis reveals that the two first resonances of an elastic MPPA are either panel-cavity, hole-cavity, or panel-controlled resonances, depending on whether the effective air mass of the perforations is greater or lower than the first panel modal mass. A critical value of the perforation ratio is found through which the MPPA resonances experience a frequency "jump" and that determines two absorption mechanisms operating out of the transitional region.     

Ultrabroadband strong light absorption based on thin multilayered metamaterials

Light absorbers have drawn intensive attention as crucial components for solar‐energy harvesting, thermal emission tailoring, modulators, etc. However, achievement of light absorbers with wide bandwidth remains a challenge thus far. Here, a thin, unprecedentedly ultrabroadband strong light absorber is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, which consists of periodic taper arrays constructed by an alumina–chrome multilayered metamaterial (MM) on a gold substrate. This MM can change from a hyperbolic material to an anisotropic dielectric material at different frequency ranges and the special material features are the fundamental origins of the ultrabroadband absorption. The absorber is quite insensitive to the incident angle, and can be insensitive to the polarization. One two‐dimensional periodic array of 400‐nm height MM tapers is fabricated. The measured absorption is over 90% over almost the entire solar spectrum, reaching an average level of 96%, and remains high (above 85%) even in the longer‐wavelength range till 4 μm. The proposed absorbers open up a new avenue to realize broadband thin light‐harvesting structures.     

Evaluation of absorptive properties and permeability of thin sheet magneto-dielectric materials

An analytical model to evaluate attenuation on the coaxial line with the central conductor coated with a magneto-dielectric layer is proposed and validated by the experiments and numerical modeling. This model is convenient for comparing absorptive effectiveness of different materials, as well as of different thicknesses and lengths of the same material. The proposed model also lays the basis for the technique to extract permeability of thin sheet magneto-dielectric materials by wrapping them around a central conductor of the coaxial airline.     

A theoretical study on the effect of a permeable membrane in the air cavity of a double-leaf microperforated panel space sound absorber

A double-leaf microperforated panel absorber (DLMPP) is composed of a two microperforated panel (MPP) with a air cavity in-between, and without any backing structure. It shows a Helmholtz-type resonance peak absorption and additional low frequency absorption, therefore it can be used as a wideband space sound absorber. In this study, a theoretical study is made to examine the effect of a permeable membrane inside the air-cavity. Permeable membranes are studied in our previous studies and proved to be effective to improve the sound absorption performance of various type MPP sound absorbers. We investigate the absorption characteristics of a DLMPP with a permeable membrane in the cavity through numerical examples, and also studied the effect of honeycomb in the cavity of the same sound absorption structure.     

Optical properties and morphology of thin diindenoperylene films

Thin films of diindenoperylene deposited on weakly interacting substrates (quartz) are characterized with scanning probe microscopy techniques at room temperature and by pico-second time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy between 5 and 300 K. Pronounced T-dependencies of fluorescence spectra and decays are found. The interplay between two fluorescence series in a narrow temperature range has been spectrally and temporally resolved. The possible origin of the observed series, competing energy transfer and quenching processes is discussed.     

Photoacoustic spectroscopy analysis of thin semiconductor samples

This paper is an analysis of determination possibility of the optical absorption coefficient spectra of thin semiconductor layers from their normalized photoacoustic amplitude spectra. Influence of multiple reflections of light in thin layers on their photoacoustic and optical absorption coefficient spectra is presented and discussed in detail. Practical formulae for the optical absorption coefficient spectrum as a function of the normalized photoacoustic amplitude spectrum are derived and presented. Next, they were applied for computations of the optical absorption coefficient spectra of thin In₂S₃ thin layers deposited on a glass substrate. This method was experimentally verified with the optical transmission method.     

Morphological and optical properties of silicon thin films by PLD

Silicon thin films have been prepared on sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The films were deposited in vacuum from a silicon target at a base pressure of 10⁻⁶ mbar in the temperature range from 400 to 800 °C. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 5 ns duration, 10 Hz) at a constant energy density of 2 J × cm⁻² has been used. The influence of the substrate temperature on the structural, morphological and optical properties of the Si thin films was investigated.Spectral ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to study the thickness and the surface roughness of the deposited films. Surface roughness values measured by AFM and ellipsometry show the same tendency of increasing roughness with increased deposition temperature.     

Electrical properties of thermally evaporated nickel-dimethylglyoxime thin films

Thin Bis-(dimethylglyoximato)nickel(II) [Ni(DMG)₂] films of amorphous and crystalline structures were prepared by vacuum deposition on Si (P) substrates. The films were characterised by X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. The constructed Al/Ni(DMG)₂/Si(P) metal-insulator-semiconductor devices were characterised by the measurement of the gate-voltage dependence of their capacitance and ac conductance, from which the surface states density D_it of insulator/semiconductor interface and the density of the fixed charges in the oxide were determined. The ac electrical conduction and dielectric properties of the Ni(DMG)₂-Silicon structure were studied at room temperature. The data of the ac measurements of the annealed films follow the correlated barrier-hopping CBH mode, from which the fundamental absorption bandgap, the minimum hopping distance, and other parameters of the model were determined.