穿孔率和穿孔直径耦合下微穿孔板吸声体整体吸声性能

微穿孔板几何参数的耦合性及其对整体吸声性能的影响,对于设计微穿孔板吸声体和优化其工作性能具有指导作用。根据微穿孔板吸声体基本理论,研究了穿孔率和穿孔直径双参数耦合作用下微穿孔板吸声体的整体吸声性能。穿孔率和穿孔直径之间的耦合性与其本身取值密切相关,而与板厚和板后腔深无明显关系;在穿孔率-穿孔直径参数域上,吸声体存在吸声系数为1.0的吸收峰,整体吸声性能随穿孔率或穿孔直径从小到大变化,呈现出先增强后减弱的变化趋势。该结论能够准确解释微穿孔板受粉尘污染后吸声性能的变化规律和演变路径。论文的工作为设计微穿孔板吸声体提供了一种新的理论依据和实施方法。      

对称折叠通道结构的低频通风吸声体*

为了消除或减少低频噪声,该文 提出了一种低频通风超材料吸声体,该吸声体由对称的折叠通道结构组成,具有深度亚波长、高通风空间占比和低频高效吸声的特性.通过传递矩阵方法、有限元模拟和四麦克风实验法,揭示了对称折叠通道结构通风吸声的物理机制.首先在理论上分析单个吸声体的通风吸声性能并进行了仿真模拟,在共振频率423 Hz附近,吸声系数大于0.9,通风空间占比高达40%.吸声单体的共振频率可通过改变折叠通道的长度来灵活调控,组合多个不同共振频率的吸声单体可以拓宽吸声体的有效吸声带宽.由四个吸声单体组合的通风吸声体可实现314－366 Hz频率范围内的高效声吸收(吸声系数大于0.8),且通风空间占比达到35%,而结构厚度仅为314 Hz时波长的1/10.该低频通风吸声体具有结构简单、结构强度高和容易制造等特点,在低频通风降噪领域有着潜在的应用前景．     

新型宽频高效吸声体通过鉴定

由上海市环保局下达、上海大学承担、同济大学协作完成的新型宽频高效吸声体于1996年10月3O日通过了科学技术鉴定。新型宽频高效吸声体，是在分析研究国内外现有吸声体的基础上，采用经济实用的玻璃棉管和硬质矿渣棉板吸声材料，通过不同布置方法的科学组合，充分发挥并提高了吸声材料的降噪作用，取得了低频吸声系数高（。125为0．5－0．8、。25。为0．8一卫．O）、单位吸声量的重量轻（wt20kg／m2）、单位吸声量的价格低（10元／m2）的成果，解决了常用吸声材料和吸声结构低频吸声系数低的问题，填补了国内空白，具有国内领先水平。该型吸声体广泛应用于建筑声学和噪声控制工程，例如各类体育馆、礼堂、剧院、百     

阻尼耦合双层微穿孔板吸声体研究

提出并研究一种利用两板间微缝进行阻尼耦合的双层微穿孔板(DMPP)吸声体。该吸声体在两层微穿孔板(MPP)之间形成一个宽度小于1mm的微缝,因此其阻尼不仅可由板上的微穿孔提供,还可由两板之间形成的微缝提供。采用声电类比法建立了DMPP转移阻抗的理论模型,并进行实验验证,结果表明理论计算结果与实验吻合较好。然后利用建立的理论模型,对单层MPP和DMPP吸声体的吸声性能进行了对比研究,结果表明,相比于单层MPP,DMPP可以利用微缝提供的阻尼显著改善吸声性能,同时减少实际板厚。最后,对DMPP吸声体的吸声性能及其几何参数的关系进行研究,结果表明,当保持其它结构参数不变时,微缝宽度对DMPP吸声系数的提高存在一个最优值,超过或低于此值会导致吸声系数下降。     

扩散吸声体的优化设计

由于扩散吸声体(Diffsorber)同时兼顾了扩散和吸声两方面的性能,在小房间的声学环境控制中有着特殊的功能。在比较成熟声吸收和声扩散理论的基础上,结合数论中的伪随机理论,提出利用吸声材料本身的声阻抗实现伪随机分布的新优化设计手段,并利用计算机编程实现,由此设计了多种不同吸声效果的扩散吸声体,以满足不同场合的需要。实验结果表明新方法的有效性。同时探讨了新型吸声扩散体的应用潜力。     

吸声覆盖层研究进展

从粘弹性材料复杂结构吸声性能计算和粘弹性材料动态力学参数获取两方面对吸声覆盖层研究进行了回顾。计算模型主要有分层介质模型、等效介质模型、空腔谐振模型以及数值计算方法。动态力学参数获取主要有基于振动的直接测量方法、基于声学性能测试的反演方法和近些年发展起来的有限元的反演方法。最后对吸声覆盖层研究的发展趋势进行了展望。     

载流弹性薄板结构吸声性能的研究

对弹性薄板吸声结构在水下的吸声性能进行了研究,推导了载流弹性薄板结构声阻抗的解析解。提出并计算了薄板结构的势能因子B_(nm)、动能因子A_(nm)和载流因子系数χ。得出薄板结构吸声性能严格的解析理论和幂级数近似表达式,本文获得的结果使薄板理论的吸声机理更加清晰,计算也更加简化。通过低频水声管对薄板结构进行了测试,测试结果和理论计算结果吻合得较好,验证了本文理论的正确性。     

伪随机扩散体的吸声性能及其应用

本文介绍伪随机扩散体吸声性能的应用，提出减少扩散体结构厚度的实用设计，并应用于剧场观众厅以减少混响时间．     

离心法超细玻璃棉管套吸声性能的研究

本文对离心法超细玻璃棉制品之一的保温管套，通过试验研究其布置方式、间距、管壁厚等与吸声性能的关系，从而得到材料最佳的吸声效果。     

水下吸声覆盖层声管测试的背衬研究

在吸声覆盖层水声声管测试的实验研究中，覆盖层背衬的选择对测量结果有重大影响。在我们二维理论研究的基础上，建立了吸声覆盖层声学特性的传递函数模型，分析比较了不同背衬对吸声覆盖层声学性能的影响。结果表明，不同背衬对吸声覆盖层吸声性能的影响具有明显不同的特性。背衬为双层壳体时，水层对吸声覆盖层的吸声系数曲线有明显的调制现象。背衬为单层壳体或双层壳体时，从整体上讲，吸声系数更趋近于刚性背衬而非软背衬的情况。在实验室小样品声管测试中，以较厚的钢柱作为背衬的测试数据来衡量吸声覆盖层性能更为合适，且易于实现。     

Competitive segregation of gallium and indium at heterophase Cu-MnO interfaces studied with transmission electron microscopy

This paper concentrates on the possible segregation of indium and gallium and competitive segregation of gallium and indium at atomically flat parallel {111}-oriented Cu-MnO interfaces. The segregation of gallium at Cu-MnO interfaces after introduction of gallium in the copper matrix of internally oxidized Cu-1 at.% Mn could be hardly detected with energy-dispersive spectrometry in a field emission gun transmission electron microscope. After a heat treatment to dissolve indium in the copper matrix, gallium has a weak tendency to segregate, that is 2.5 at.% Ga per monolayer at the interface compared with 2 at.% in the copper matrix. The striking result is that this gallium segregation is observable because it does not occur at the metal side of the interface but in the first two monolayers at the oxide side. Using the same heat treatment as for introducing indium in the sample, but without indium present, gallium segregates strongly at the oxide side of the Cu-MnO interface with a concentration of about 14.3 at.% in each monolayer of the two. In contrast, the presence of gallium has no influence on the segregation of indium towards Cu-MnO interfaces, because the outermost monolayer at the metal side of the interface contains 17.6 at.% In, that is similar to previously found results. This leads to the intriguing conclusions, firstly, that, in contrast with antimony and indium, gallium segregates at the oxide side of the interface and, secondly, that the presence of indium strongly hampers gallium segregation. The results from analytical transmission electron microscopy on gallium segregation are supported by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy observations.     

The focusing performance with a horizontal time- reversal array at different depths in shallow water

The performance of time-reversal focusing with a horizontal line array at different depths is investigated by normal mode modeling and computer simulation.It is observed that the focusing performance of a bottom-mounted horizontal time-reversal array is much better than that of a horizontal time-reversal array at other depths in shallow water.The normal mode modeling is used to explain this result.The absolute values of the modes at different depths are compared.It is shown that the number of modes whose absolute values close to zero is smaller at the bottom than that at other depths.It means that the horizontal time-reversal array deployed at the bottom can sample more modes,obtain more information of the probe source and achieve better focusing performance.The numerical simulations of time-reversal focusing performance under various conditions,such as different sound speed profiles,and different bottom parameters,lead to similar results.     

The droplet breakup model and characteristics of pH-shifted peanut protein isolate-high methoxyl pectin stabilised emulsions under ultrasound

The effect of pH on the occurrence states of peanut protein isolate (PPI) and high methoxyl pectin (HMP), and droplet breakup model of the emulsions under ultrasound were studied. Particle size distribution and scanning electron microscopy results showed that PPI-HMP existed a soluble complex at pH 5.0, had no interaction at pH 7.0, and was co-soluble at pH 9.0. Droplet breakup model results revealed that the characteristics of emulsion stabilised by PPI-HMP treated at pH 5.0 was different from that at pH 7.0 and 9.0. The average diameter of the droplet well satisfied the model. According to rheological properties, interface tension, and microstructure, the formation mechanism and characteristics of emulsion stabilised by PPI-HMP treated at pH 5.0 was different from that at pH 7.0 and pH 9.0. The research provided a reference for constructing emulsions using pH-shifted PPI-HMP under ultrasound.     

热凝固致人肝组织光衰减和光穿透深度的变化

采用双积分球和反向倍增法(IAD),研究了热凝固致人肝肿瘤及正常人肝组织对680, 720,780,810, 850, 890 nm波长的钛宝石激光的光穿透深度和光衰减特性的变化。结果表明：6个波长的激光的热凝固前后的肝肿瘤和正常肝对光穿透深度都随着激光波长的增大而明显增大,热凝固后的激光穿透深度都分别显著地较热凝固前的穿透深度小(P＜0.05),6个波长的激光对热凝固前后的肝肿瘤的光穿透深度都分别显著地较热凝固前后的正常肝穿透深度大(P＜0.05)。热凝固前后的人肝肿瘤和正常肝对6个波长的激光的衰减都是随着激光波长的增大而明显减小,热凝固后的人肝肿瘤和正常肝的光衰减都分别显著地较热凝固前的衰减大(P＜0.05),热凝固前后的肝肿瘤对光的衰减也都分别显著地较热凝固前后的正常肝衰减大(P＜0.05)。     

颗粒堆密度变化对堆底压力分布的影响

报道当一无黏性颗粒堆的中间部分密度略小于两边，从而使中部的弹性强度明显低于两边时，堆底的压力分布将在中间出现低陷.对从一固定点（或线）缓慢散落颗粒而形成的圆锥形（或楔形）堆，这一微小的密度变化可能来自颗粒沿堆边滚落时对堆产生了一定的扰动拍紧效应.计算表明用考虑了体弹模量随空间变化的弹性理论能很好地再现出观测到的压力分布. 关键词： 颗粒堆 应力分布 弹性理论     

Antiferromagnetic structure in UNiAl at dilution temperatures

Neutron diffraction experiments in zero field reveals that the originally sine-wave-modulated antiferromagnetic structure in UNiAl starts to square-up at low temperatures. The squaring-up is, however, not completed even at 150 mK, most probably due to competing magnetic interactions. The fact that the magnetic moments are not equal at all the uranium atomic sites is responsible at least partially for the enhanced low-temperature-specific heat coefficient observed in UNiAl at low temperatures.     

浅海中水平线列阵深度对匹配场定位性能的影响

以浅海声传播模型为基础,通过计算机仿真观察到以下物理现象：浅海中海底水平线列阵的匹配场定位性能优于其他深度水平线列阵.利用简正波建模方法揭示了这一现象的物理机理.按照简正波理论,各号模式的形状是海水深度的函数.通过比较不同深度上各号模式幅度的变化,发现海底模式幅值接近零的模式号数明显小于其他深度.这说明海底水平线列阵可以对更多号模式进行采样,进而获得更多的目标声源信息,取得更好的匹配场定位效果. 关键词： 水平线列阵 匹配场定位 基阵深度     

Spinodal decomposition of Fe−Cr−Ni alloys studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy

Summary A thermodynamic calculation of the Fe−Cr−Ni phase diagram suggests that the composition 30 at.%Cr-5 at.%Ni is expected to be found inside the spinodal line, whereas 16 at.%Cr-5 at.%Ni is expected outside at 723 K. These two alloys have been thermally aged for time periods up to 40 minutes at 723K. A significant broadening of the magnetic-hyperfine-field distribution indicates that Fe-30 at.%Cr-5 at.%Ni undergoes typical spinodal decomposition in agreement with the calculation. Spinodal decomposition is distinguished from nucleation-growth by a detailed analysis of the magnetic-hyperfine-field distribution. Paper presented at ICAME-95, Rimini, 10–16 September 1995     

用不同光强点定位测量线偏振光旋转角时检测灵敏度的研究

通过实验验证马吕斯定律,分别在消光位置和最大光强位置作检测点,测量待测旋光物质的旋光度,研究物理实验中普遍存在的在光强极大值和光强最大相对变化率位置检测灵敏度的问题。根据实验结果的分析,得出了在消光位置测量线偏振光旋转角最精确的结论。     

Study of D~0-D~0 mixing at a giga-Z linear collider

The possibility of studying D 0-D 0 mixing at a giga-Z linear collider "Z factory" where 10 9 hadronic Z 0 decays can be accumulated is examined.We discuss the sensitivity for the measurements of neutral D mixing parameters.These results are compared to those attainable at B factories.We find that the typical decay length of the neutral D mesons at Z factory is about 10 times larger than that at B factory.In addition,the resolution of the vertex detector of a giga-Z factory is 2-3 times better than that of B factory.The proper time resolution at Z factory is about 20-30 times better than that at B factory.Therefore the determination of the mixing parameters at a giga-Z factory is more precise.