空气阻力对完全非弹性蹦球动力学行为的影响

一个在振动台面上蹦跳的小球具有复杂的运动形式，如倍周期分岔和混沌．如果球与台面间的碰撞是完全非弹性的，则球的运动是倍周期的，不存在混沌．在分岔相图中，鞍一结不稳定性引入“平台”结构，同时存在倍周期轨道的密集区．这里将研究空气的黏滞阻力对完全非弹性蹦球动力学行为的影响．分析表明，空气阻力很弱时，分岔序列不受影响，但分岔点的数值变大，“平台”和密集区加宽．空气阻力较大时，“平台”与密集区重叠．重叠区内原有产生倍周期运动的机理被破坏，球的运动是混沌的．     

变悬点变摆长单摆运动分析

用两种方法导出了变悬点变摆长单摆的加速度和运动微分方程，分析了小球作周期振动的条件，讨论了角速度最大值的位置，并通过计算机数值计算，画出了小球作周期振动时的相图。     

一个全新的趣味物理演示实验——小球在旋转平台上的自由滚动

在一张匀角速自转的圆台面中心置一小球,并轻轻向外拨动一下,小球就在台面上作纯滚动且相对于大地作匀速率圆周运动.经精确测定,圆台面角速率与小球相对地的角速率之比为7;2。本文以实测结果,即小球在自转的台面上相对大地作匀速率圆周运动为前提,从理论上论证了两者角速率之比为7:2.     

完全非弹性蹦球的动力学行为

对振动台面上的完全非弹性球的蹦跳行为进行了初步分析.受约化振动加速度的控制，球的运动可以表现出一系列倍周期分岔过程.对几种典型的倍周期运动及分岔情况进行了讨论. 关键词： 蹦球 倍周期分岔 混沌 颗粒物质     

带电小球在复合场中运动情形分析

对带电小球在复合场可能运动进行了分析并给出了典型例题.     

落球法测液体黏度的深入研究

利用流体力学的知识对小球下落计时起点的确定进行理论推导, 并给出了达到终极速度之前小球运动 的距离与速度之间的函数关系, 以及不同半径的小球达到终极速度时其半径与下落距离的关系     

弹簧摆运动的研究

由初值用差分递推方法模拟弹簧摆的运动,把小球的运动分为横向和径向两个方向,经过研究得出:初始摆角的增大会影响径向的周期运动规律,而劲度系数的变化会影响横向的周期运动规律,大的劲度系数也会对径向周期振动的幅度造成起伏,选择小的摆角和合适的劲度系数可以近似地使小球在横向和径向两个方向上都作周期性运动,且两个方向上运动的耦合影响都很小.     

两相连小球运动的力学分析

通过对两相连小球的力学分析，建立合适坐标系．根据椭圆运动轨迹，研究两相连小球在特定条件下的运动规律     

竖直平面内“ 轻绳模型”的运动规律研究

利用理论研究与“ 仿真物理实验室”实验验证相结合的方法, 研究了竖直平面内的“ 轻绳模型”这一重 要的单轨道模型问题, 分析了小球速度、 加速度图像和规律, 研究得到了小球不能完成完整圆周运动的初速度条件; 小球做完整的竖直平面内圆周运动的初速度条件; 小球沿圆弧“ 轨道”返回的初速度条件; 小球离开圆弧“ 轨道”做 斜抛运动的最低点初速度条件以及斜抛运动的速度大小和方向; 阐述了小球从最低点水平方向出发经圆弧上某点 斜抛运动后能返回初始点的初速度条件; 并给出落点在最低点( 出发点)左右两侧侧圆弧上的初速度条件     

照相法研究抛射体运动

介绍了利用多次曝光法研究了小球的抛射体运动，设计了实验装置，通过用表差法处理实验数据，从而探索抛射体的运动规律并求得重力加速度值，通过对实验的误差分析，给出了结果的不确定度评定。     

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根据已有文献描述的对球形闪电的观测和研究结果,总结了球形闪电的观测特征,介绍了目前对球形闪电的实验研究和理论研究现状,对球形闪电的结构模型进行了简单概括。还基于云对地的线状闪电,详述了一种形成球形闪电的等离子体模型。在该模型下,在某特定环境下线状闪电等离子体通道的一个区域坍塌成小的区域,形成球形闪电。指出了未来对球形闪电的研究方向。     

Electrostatic force acting on conductive ball between electrodes II: Cylindrical upper electrode with hemispherical tip for capturing/releasing conductive ball

The electrostatic force between a conductive ball on a plane electrode and a cylindrical electrode with a hemispherical tip is analyzed. A cylindrical electrode with a dielectric film for realizing a new LSI bonding system is proposed. The force on the ball increases with increasing diameter of the cylindrical electrode. When a dielectric film is placed under the cylindrical upper electrode with a fixed gap between the electrodes, the force acting on the ball increases with increasing dielectric film thickness. Capture of the ball was experimentally confirmed. This study provides a useful foundation for electrostatic manipulation of a conductive ball.     

Electric charge of a lightning ball

The electric charge of a lightning ball is found by comparing the electrohydrodynamic stabilities of a charged drop in an electrostatic suspension and a lightning ball floating in a superposition of the gravitational field and the surface electric field. It has been assumed that the electric field strength at the surface is limited by a breakdown value. For a lightning ball radius of 15 cm, its charge is estimated as several microcoulombs. Accordingly, the density of electrostatic energy accumulated in the lightning ball is on the order of one-hundredth of a joule per square centimeter. The density of the material that constitutes the lightning ball has been estimated for the case when the electric field strength at the site of its origination is several times higher than that in fine weather. The density of the lightning ball turns out to differ from that of air by only a few percents.     

用于相机标定的球靶标投影误差分析与校正

由于球体具有轮廓连续性好等优点,在摄像机标定,尤其是多相机标定方面获得了广泛的应用。利用球作为标定靶标可以弥补平面靶标在多相机标定中出现视角过大时畸变太大甚至于观测不到的不足,但是空间球经透视投影后成像一般并非标准圆,而是一个椭圆。椭圆几何中心与球心真实成像中心并不一致,从而影响了标定精度。造成球心成像误差的因素主要有两个,即球的相对大小及相对于相机的位置。通过分析空间球成像模型,仿真研究了各因素对球心成像误差影响的大小,寻找球心的透视投影像点与其成像椭圆几何中心之间的误差变化规律,并建立了两者之间的误差校正模型,最后通过实验验证了该校正模型的可行性和有效性。通过校正,球心投影像点定位精度可达到亚像素级。     

On the theory of pneumotransport of beads in cold neutron moderator of the IBR-2 reactor

The paper presents some aspects of pneumotransport theory of solid ball motion along a pipeline of complex geometry having application for the pelletized cold moderator of the IBR-2 reactor. Motion equations for a ball carrying by gas flow along a round tube both smooth and rough, are obtained. Aerodynamics forces and momentum of forces, acting on the ball depending on its velocity are defined on the base of numerical modeling of ball movement, and analytical simplified model of pneumotransport of balls along round tube is created. This model meets the demand for practical application as it shows satisfactory agreement with experimental modelling of ball movement in a glass tube. One of important results of the work is giving proofs of irregular movement of ball along a tube stipulated by roughness of the tube side.     

铅垂圆轨道上球的运动分析

对球从粗糙斜面滚下后在铅垂圆形轨道上的运动进行了全面、系统的分析,给出了由纯滚动状态转换为又滚又滑状态的条件,推出了确定球离开圆形轨道位置的方程,纠正了某些文献中的错误结果。     

Simulation of the trajectory of a punted rugby ball taking into account the asymmetrical pressure distribution caused by the seams

Abstract  

This paper describes the effect of the seams of a rugby ball on the side force and the flight trajectory of the punted kick. Measurement of the aerodynamic force on a non-spinning rugby ball reveals that the side force coefficient depends on the position of the seam as well as the angle of attack. It was found from pressure-sensitive paint measurements that the seam of the ball is the trigger for initiating low pressure when the seam is situated around 60° from the stagnation point. The flight trajectory of the fluctuating ball can be obtained by numerically integrating the six degree-of-freedom non-linear equations of motion. It was shown that a slower spinning ball fluctuates from side to side during flight because of the asymmetrical pressure distribution on the sides of the ball.     

Vibration analysis of a rotating system due to the effect of ball bearing waviness

This research presents an analytical model to investigate vibration due to ball bearing waviness in a rotating system supported by two or more ball bearings, taking account of the centrifugal force and gyroscopic moment of the ball. The waviness of rolling elements is modelled by the sinusoidal function, and it is incorporated into the position vectors of the race curvature center. The Hertzian contact theory is applied to calculate the elastic deflection and non-linear contact force, while the rotor has translational and angular motions. Both the centrifugal force and gyroscopic moment of the ball and the waviness of the rolling elements are included in the kinematic constraints and force equilibrium equations of a ball to derive the non-linear governing equations of the rotor, which are solved by using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg algorithm to determine the new position of the rotor. The proposed model is validated by the comparison of the results of the prior researchers. This research shows that the centrifugal force and gyroscopic moment of the ball plays the important role in determining the bearing frequencies, i.e., the principal frequencies, their harmonics and the sideband frequencies resulting from the waviness of the rolling elements of ball bearing. It also shows that the bearing vibration frequencies are generated by the waviness interaction not only between the rolling elements of one ball bearing, but also between those of two or more ball bearings constrained by the rotor.     

Dynamics of a viscous ball rolling down on a rigid staircase

We theoretically investigate the motion of a ball rolling down on a periodical staircase. Our research is restricted in the case of completely inelastic collision when the ball falls down on the surface of the stairs. The ball is accelerated when it rolls cross the edge of the stair, while it is decelerated when it rolls on the horizontal surface due to the rolling friction. The competition between them causes two different regimes according to the parameters of the system. One is the steady moving regime in which the ball keeps moving forever, and the other is the still regime in which the ball finally stops after rolling on a finite number of stairs. The diagram of these two regimes is given in the reduced parameter space. The tendency that smaller scale of the staircase can keep moving on smaller inclined angle is found.     

Recovery of electroluminescence by ageing of ball milled powders

The paper studies the influence of ageing on the electroluminescence of ball milled powders of zinc sulphide and it is shown that partial recovery of the electroluminescence (EL) brightness of ball milled samples occurs. The EL brightness of a non-milled sample did not change with ageing. The recovery of EL ball milled samples is explained by the recovery of the EL barriers by diffusion of the copper ions which were dispersed over the crystallites of the EL powders by ball milling.