物理学和生物学(上)

20世纪物理学研究从微观领域到宏观宇宙都取得很大进展。对生物的研究已经成为新世纪物理学的重要主题。文章简要阐述了分子生物学中的一些基本概念，说明了一些有趣的问题，同时总结了作者最近在生物信息学方面的工作。     

生物物理学的几个热点领域

物理学与生物科学的交叉由来已久，这不仅解决了自然界许多重大的理论问题，并且在高层次上开辟了新的技术领域，如生物信息学、纳米生物学和脑与认知科学等，文章对当今生物物理学的这几个热点领域进行了介绍。     

物理学与高技术

当代高技术的发展揭开了世界科技史上新的一页．本文以六大高技术群（能源技术、材料技术、信息技术、生物技术、空间技术和海洋技术）为线索，综述物理学对高技术发展的巨大影响．事实证明，物理学建立的新的概念和方法以及为物理学研究所发展起来的各种特殊条件和测量手段不仅大大深化了人们对自然界的认识，而且为技术和工程科学的发展开辟了新的道路．物理学的研究成果源源不断地在高技术发展中得到应用．而高技术的发展又对物理学提出层出不穷的研究课题．因而，大力加强物理重大前沿课题研究有着十分重大的意义。     

物理学和生物学（上）

20世纪物理学研究从微观领域到宏观宇宙都取得很大进展.对生物的研究已经成为新世纪物理学的重要主题.文章简要阐述了分子生物学中的一些基本概念,说明了一些有趣的问题,同时总结了作者最近在生物信息学方面的工作.     

生物物理学的几个热点领域

物理学与生物科学的交叉由来已久,这不仅解决了自然界许多重大的理论问题,并且在高层次上开辟了新的技术领域,如生物信息学、纳米生物学和脑与认知科学等.文章对当今生物物理学的这几个热点领域进行了介绍.     

物理学与环境保护

从物理学角度，综述了噪声污染、热污染、电磁污染、放射性污染、大气污染、水污染和固体废料污染等七个当今主要环境污染问题，讨论了各类污染防治的物理方法，表明物理学为研究控制环境污染和改善环境条件开辟了新的道路。     

生命科学发展过程中物理学的贡献

 生命科学是21世纪发展最快的一门学科，随着人类基因组计划的完成，生命科学已经进入到“后基因组”时代。生命科学的迅猛发展，离不开其他学科的相互促进。在20世纪中，发展最迅速的两门自然科学：前50年是物理学、后50年是生命科学。在此过程中物理和生命科学两门学科互相促进，尤其是物理学技术和手段的改进极大地促进了生命科学的发展。     

核军备控制与物理学

阐述了并分析国际军备控制的形势对特理学提出的挑战，包括实验室条件下核武器物理的研究、军备控制物理学的研究，非核新原理武器研究及核武器有关技术和平利用等问题。     

Physics Without Physics

David Finkelstein was very fond of the new information-theoretic paradigm of physics advocated by John Archibald Wheeler and Richard Feynman. Only recently, however, the paradigm has concretely shown its full power, with the derivation of quantum theory (Chiribella et al., Phys. Rev. A 84:012311, 2011; D’Ariano et al., 2017) and of free quantum field theory (D’Ariano and Perinotti, Phys. Rev. A 90:062106, 2014; Bisio et al., Phys. Rev. A 88:032301, 2013; Bisio et al., Ann. Phys. 354:244, 2015; Bisio et al., Ann. Phys. 368:177, 2016) from informational principles. The paradigm has opened for the first time the possibility of avoiding physical primitives in the axioms of the physical theory, allowing a re-foundation of the whole physics over logically solid grounds. In addition to such methodological value, the new information-theoretic derivation of quantum field theory is particularly interesting for establishing a theoretical framework for quantum gravity, with the idea of obtaining gravity itself as emergent from the quantum information processing, as also suggested by the role played by information in the holographic principle (Susskind, J. Math. Phys. 36:6377, 1995; Bousso, Rev. Mod. Phys. 74:825, 2002). In this paper I review how free quantum field theory is derived without using mechanical primitives, including space-time, special relativity, Hamiltonians, and quantization rules. The theory is simply provided by the simplest quantum algorithm encompassing a countable set of quantum systems whose network of interactions satisfies the three following simple principles: homogeneity, locality, and isotropy. The inherent discrete nature of the informational derivation leads to an extension of quantum field theory in terms of a quantum cellular automata and quantum walks. A simple heuristic argument sets the scale to the Planck one, and the currently observed regime where discreteness is not visible is the so-called “relativistic regime” of small wavevectors, which holds for all energies ever tested (and even much larger), where the usual free quantum field theory is perfectly recovered. In the present quantum discrete theory Einstein relativity principle can be restated without using space-time in terms of invariance of the eigenvalue equation of the automaton/walk under change of representations. Distortions of the Poincaré group emerge at the Planck scale, whereas special relativity is perfectly recovered in the relativistic regime. Discreteness, on the other hand, has some plus compared to the continuum theory: 1) it contains it as a special regime; 2) it leads to some additional features with GR flavor: the existence of an upper bound for the particle mass (with physical interpretation as the Planck mass), and a global De Sitter invariance; 3) it provides its own physical standards for space, time, and mass within a purely mathematical adimensional context. The paper ends with the future perspectives of this project, and with an Appendix containing biographic notes about my friendship with David Finkelstein, to whom this paper is dedicated.     

Chinese Physics C(Formerly High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics)

<正>Monthly,founded in 1977Published monthly in hard copy by Science Press and online by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(domestic)and by IOP Publishing,Temple Circus,Temple Way,Bristol BS1 6HG,UK(international).     

物理竞赛中的物理图象

图象处理法是物理竞赛中常用的处理方法,主要表现在图象的"面积"与图象的交点两个方面.     

Physics and poetry

The theory of nuclear β-decay has developed in two stages. The presentation of Pauli's neutrino hypothesis at the 1933 Solvay Conference initiated the first stage, and a period of renewed activity followed the discovery in 1957 that parity was not conserved in the process. Two distinct interactions, of polar vector and axial vector form respectively, are responsible for β-decay, and the neutron is itself the most suitable β-active nucleus with which to study the basic properties of these interactions. For this reason a continuing effort has been made to refine and improve the precision of measurements on the β-decay of the neutron. In this article the most important features of the phenomenon of β-radioactivity are summarized, the techniques employed to study the radioactivity and related properties of free neutrons are discussed in some detail, and the experimental results interpreted in terms of established theory in the field of weak interactions.