Design of multi-band metasurface antenna array with low RCS performance

In this paper, a multi-band metasurface(MS) antenna array with low radar cross section(RCS) performance is proposed and measured. Firstly, a 44 antenna array is composed of four 22 Jerusalem cross structure antenna arrays working at different frequency bands, which is aimed at enhancing the bandwidth effectively. Then, each antenna can be seen as a unit of MS in spite of adding the feeding structure. Based on phase cancellation principle, the MS is arranged into a chessboard configuration in order to realize wideband RCS reduction. Thus, excellent radiation and scattering characteristics are obtained simultaneously. Simulated and measured results indicate that this work provides a novel method to achieve bandwidth expansion as well as wideband RCS reduction of the antenna array.     

Analysis of scattering by conducting objects covered with arbitrarily magnetised plasma using finite element-boundary integral-fast multipole algorithm

The electromagnetic (EM) scattering by conducting objects covered with arbitrarily magnetised plasma is computed using the hybrid vector finite element-boundary integral-fast multipole method (FE-BI-FMM). The relative permittivity tensor of arbitrarily magnetised plasma is described. The FE-BI-FMM formulation for scattering by three-dimensional (3D) conducting objects covered with arbitrarily magnetised plasma is derived in detail. The validity of FE-BI-FMM is verified by comparing numerical results with analytical values. The radar cross-sections (RCS) of conducting objects covered with magnetised plasmas are simulated and the effects of plasma parameters on RCS are analysed. Numerical results indicate that magnetised plasma cover layer is effective on reducing the back scattering if appropriate parameters of plasma are chosen.     

一种性能稳定的新型频率选择表面及其微带天线应用

设计了一种基于分形树结构的高性能频率选择表面(frequency selective surface,FSS),并将其作为微带天线的空间滤波器,同时改善天线的辐射与散射性能.该FSS单元是由两层金属及其中间介质组成,上、下层金属采用金属柱连结,整体构成树枝状分形结构.通过优化参数,得到了一种宽带、极化无关、宽入射角、小型化的超薄FSS,厚度只有约0.017λ.将该FSS应用于微带天线后,天线的相对带宽拓展到40%,工作频段内的增益得到改善,9.6 GHz时,天线的增益提高了6.7 dB,同时,天线工作频带内的雷达散射截面(radar cross section,RCS)也得到了明显减缩,最大减缩为12.7 dB.实验结果与仿真结果符合得较好,证实了该空间滤波器具有提高宽带天线增益、增强天线定向性、改善天线带宽与降低天线带内RCS的效果,可以应用于宽带天线带内辐射与散射性能的同时改善.     

共享孔径人工电磁媒质设计及其在高增益低雷达散射截面天线中的应用

提出了一种具有部分反射特性和吸波特性的共享孔径人工电磁媒质(shared aperture metamaterial, SA-MTM).该媒质由上层斜十字金属图案加载集总电阻的吸波表面、下层开条带缝隙金属面的部分反射表面以及中间介质层构成, 吸波表面和部分反射表面在垂直维度上共享了一个物理孔径使该媒质同时实现了吸波特性和部分反射特性.将SA-MTM与天线一体化设计, 利用SA-MTM的部分反射表面和天线表面构成的法布里-珀罗(Fabry-Perot, F-P)谐振腔提升天线的增益, 利用SA-MTM的吸波表面吸收入射电磁波实现低雷达散射截面(radar section cross, RCS)天线的设计.仿真和实验结果表明, SA-MTM 的加载使天线的前向增益在5.57–5.94 GHz 的工作带宽范围内都提升了3 dB以上, 且天线的后向RCS在2–9 GHz范围内都有明显的减缩.该研究成果克服了天线辐射性能和散射性能无法兼顾的矛盾, 对高增益低RCS天线的设计具有重要的指导意义.     

等离子体覆盖立方散射体目标雷达散射截面的时域有限差分法分析

采用分段线性电流密度递归卷积时域有限差分（PLJERC-FDTD）算法计算了均匀非磁化等离子体覆盖三维立方体目标的散射特性.分析了等离子体厚度、密度和碰撞频率对雷达散射截面（RCS）的影响.计算结果表明：等离子体包层能有效地减小雷达目标的RCS，当等离子体频率比入射电磁波频率小得多时，主要靠增大等离子体的厚度使立方散射体目标的RCS值减小，增大等离子体碰撞频率对立方散射体目标的RCS值影响不大；当等离子体频率约为入射电磁波频率的一半时，增大等离子体厚度和碰撞频率都对立方散射体目标的RCS值减小有影响；当等 关键词： FDTD算法 电磁波 等离子体隐身 雷达散射截面     

基于超材料吸波体的低雷达散射截面波导缝隙阵列天线

提出利用超材料吸波体减缩波导缝隙阵列天线带内雷达散射截面的设计方法. 设计具有超薄(厚度仅为0.01λ, λ为吸波体中心频率对应波长)、无表面损耗层和高吸波率的超材料吸波体, 将其加载到波导缝隙天线E面方向辐射缝隙间的金属表面上, 并与辐射缝隙保持一定的间距. 该加载方式没有破坏天线的口径馈电振幅分布, 并利用超材料吸波体对电磁波的强吸收特性降低了天线阵的结构模式项散射. 仿真和实验结果表明, 加载超材料吸波体后天线阵的反射系数、增益、波瓣宽度保持不变, 在x极化和y极化条件下, 波导缝隙阵列天线的带内雷达散射截面减缩量均在6 dB 以上, 且在-25°-+25°范围内天线雷达散射截面均有明显的减缩, 鼻锥方向减缩超过10 dB. 该研究成果对阵列天线雷达散射截面减缩具有重要的借鉴意义和工程应用价值.     

负折射率媒质雷达散射特性分析

 从负折射率媒质的本构关系出发,应用分段线性递推卷积(PLRC)方法推导出负折射率媒质中的时域有限差分（FDTD）计算公式,建立了基于分段线性递推卷积的FDTD方法(PLRC-FDTD)。并应用该方法计算了负折射率媒质覆盖导体柱的雷达散射截面,分析了负折射率媒质参数对其雷达散射截面的影响。结果表明,恰当地选择负折射率媒质参数能有效减小目标的雷达散射截面。     

一种兼具宽带增益改善和宽带、宽角度低雷达散射截面的微带天线

设计并制备了一种兼具高增益和低雷达散射截面(radar cross section, RCS)的微带天线, 通过给原始微带天线加载双屏频率选择表面(frequency selective surface, FSS)覆层, 使其具有宽带的3 dB增益带宽和宽带、宽角度的低RCS特性. 该FSS单元的上层是四个开口处都焊有电阻的金属环结构, 下层是中间和四边都开缝的金属贴片结构. 上层加载的电阻主要用于吸收雷达入射波, 减缩天线RCS; 下层的贴片和天线地板构成Fabry-Perot谐振腔, 提高天线增益. 在5.75–11.37 GHz频带内, S₂₂<-10 dB, S₁₂<-10 dB; 在11.21–11.54 GHz频带内, S₁₁反射系数相位曲线斜率为正, 幅度模值均在0.86以上. 实验结果表明: 与原始天线相比, 在谐振频点11.73 GHz处, 天线增益提高3.4 dB, E, H面的半功率波束宽度分别减小16°和50°; 天线的3 dB增益带宽为10.00–12.40 GHz, 完全覆盖阻抗带宽. 在4.10–11.30 GHz 频带内, 天线法向RCS均有3 dB以上的减缩, 最大减缩23.08 dB; 4.95 GHz处的单站RCS在-20°–20°的角域、双站RCS 在-37°–37°的角域均有3 dB以上的减缩. 实验结果证实了该FSS覆层可用于同时改善天线的辐射和散射 性能. 关键词： 频率选择表面 低雷达散射截面 高增益 宽带     

Study and Optimization of Plasma-Based Radar Cross Section Reduction Using Three-Dimensional Computations

The radar cross section (RCS) of a flat plate covered with a cold collisional inhomogeneous plasma has been studied using a 3-D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for electromagnetics. Two problems have been considered. In problem 1, using experimentally reported plasma density profiles, we have observed some interesting features in the bistatic RCS and provided simple physical interpretations for some of these features. The simulations confirm that a plasma shroud can successfully be used for reducing the RCS of a flat plate at almost all scattering angles, although the RCS could increase at some other angles. This is a novel extension of the FDTD method for the calculation of the bistatic RCS of an object shielded by a nonuniform collisional plasma. Problem 2 involves an optimization study for the input power required to achieve a desired RCS reduction (RCSR), examining a variety of plasma density levels and spatial profiles. For this optimization study, we have considered a helium plasma produced by a high-energy electron beam. We find that the maximum achievable reduction increases monotonically with power up to an optimum point, beyond which the RCSR decreases, finally showing some tendency to saturate. This is of practical importance and indicates the usefulness of FDTD simulations in identifying the optimal point. Furthermore, at a given power level, there can be a considerable scatter in the RCSR achievable. This is because various combinations of the plasma parameters, differing considerably in their RCSR abilities, could require the same power to sustain them. Simulations would be of great use in helping to identify the best profiles to be used for a given input power level.      

Analysis of backscattering RCS of targets coated with parabolic distribution and time-varying plasma media

The backscattering radar cross section (RCS) of targets coated with parabolic distribution and time-varying unmagnetized plasma is analyzed by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method based on the Runge–Kutta exponential time differencing (RKETD) technique. The two-dimensional RKETD-FDTD formulations are derived. The effects of the plasma parameters on the RCS are investigated. The numerical results illustrate that plasma cloaking system can successfully reduce the backscattering RCS, the plasma stealth is effective, and reasonable selection of different parameters of plasma can enhance its effectiveness.