宽波段纳米超材料太阳能吸收器的设计及其吸收特性

在纳米偶极子等效电路的基础上,结合多层波导与谐振腔结构,设计了一种高吸收率、宽波段的纳米超材料太阳能吸收器。该吸收器的单元结构是由双六边形超材料纳米柱与Si圆环柱组成,其中Si圆环中镶嵌了8个微型Au纳米圆柱。采用时域有限差分方法分析了纳米超材料吸收器在宽波段、不同偏振状态的入射光以及大角度入射光下的吸收特性。数值分析表明,该吸收器的吸收波段主要集中在400~1500nm,其平均吸收率可以达到94%。不同偏振状态的入射光对吸收器的吸收率影响较小,且在±60°大入射角度时该吸收器的平均吸收率仍可达到90%。该吸收器宽波段的高吸收率是由慢波效应与局域表面等离子体共振的共同作用引起的。     

基于超材料的可调谐的太赫兹波宽频吸收器

随着频谱资源的日益稀缺,太赫兹波技术在近十几年的时间里得到了越来越多的关注,并取得了巨大的进展.由于高吸收、超薄厚度、频率选择性和设计灵活性等优势,超材料吸收器在太赫兹波段备受关注.本文设计了一种"T"型结构的超材料太赫兹吸收器,同时获得了太赫兹多频吸收器和太赫兹波宽频可调谐吸收器.它们结构参数一致,唯一的区别是在太赫兹波宽频可调谐吸收器的顶端超材料层上添加了一块方形光敏硅.这种吸收器都是三层结构,均由金属基板、匹配电介质层以及顶端超材料层组成.仿真结果表明,太赫兹波多频吸收器拥有6个吸收率超过90%的吸收峰,其平均吸收率高达96.34%.而太赫兹波宽频可调谐吸收器通过改变硅电导率,可以控制吸收频带的存在与否,同时可以调整吸收峰的频率位置,使吸收峰频率在一个频带宽度大约为30 GHz的范围内调整.当硅的电导率为1600 S/m时,吸收率超过90%的频带宽度达到240 GHz,而且其峰值吸收率达到99.998%.     

基于树枝结构单元的超材料宽带微波吸收器

本文设计并制作了一种基于树枝结构单元的超材料宽带微波吸收器.该超材料吸收器采用夹层结构,由按六边形密集排布的金属树枝阵列、双层介质基板和金属薄膜组成.通过调节树枝单元的几何参数和金属树枝阵列的排布方式,可以出现三个吸收峰,实现三频工作.通过调节三个吸收峰工作的频率形成宽频吸收,采用夹层结构提高吸收效率,从而对垂直入射到超材料表面的微波实现高吸收.实验表明吸收器的反射曲线从9.79 GHz到11.72 GHz出现了反射率小于10%的较宽吸收带,透射曲线恒等于0,吸收率大于90%的带宽为1.93 GHz.这种 关键词： 树枝状结构 夹层结构 吸收效率 吸收带宽     

W/VO2周期性纳米盘阵列可调中红外宽频吸收器

为了实现对3～5μm中红外光的完美吸收,仿真设计了一种基于W/VO2周期性纳米盘阵列的可调中红外宽频吸收器,利用时域有限差分法模拟计算了结构参数对吸收器性能的影响.在最佳结构参数条件下,吸收器表现出偏振无关和广角吸收的特性,在3.1～3.6μm范围内吸收率达99%以上,峰值吸收率为99.99%.低温时入射光的磁场被束缚在各单元VO2介质层的中心并得到完美吸收;高温时VO2发生相变表现为金属相,抑制吸收,高低温的吸收率差值可达78.8%.该吸收器有效弥补了传统吸收器吸收频带窄、吸收率不可调的缺陷,对中红外光电器件的应用有参考价值.     

极化控制的双波段宽带红外吸收器研究

红外吸收器在红外隐身、辐射制冷、红外探测、传感器等方面有重要的应用前景.一维光栅型吸收器由于其结构简单、易于加工的优势备受关注,然而其不足之处是频带很窄,且只对一种极化有效.本文提出了一种基于简单一维周期结构的双波段宽带吸收器,对横磁波和横电波都有效,且吸波频段随入射波的极化方式而改变.该结构的基本单元由八个梯度排列的子单元构成,每个子单元由两层金属-介质双层膜垂直层叠组成.全波仿真结果表明,在1.68—2μm波段,该结构对横磁波吸收超过90%,而对横电波吸收很小(小于6%);在3.8-3.9μm波段,该结构对横电波吸收超过90%,而对横磁波吸收很小(小于5%).另外,该结构具有宽角度吸收特性,当入射角增大到60°时仍然能够保持较高的吸收率和较宽的吸收频带.     

一种宽频带超材料吸波体的设计及其特性

为了获得吸收率高、吸波带宽宽的超材料,设计了一种谐振超材料吸波体.该吸波体由多个开口圆环组成,采用商业软件CST Studio Suite 2009频域求解器计算了其在25~35 GHz波段内的S参量,并计算了其吸波率A(ω),在28.4 GHz处吸收率达到86%,带宽达到3.5 GHz.利用不同吸波频段的叠加效应,设计了一种谐振超材料吸波组合体,计算了在25~35 GHz波段的S参量,在29.7 GHz处吸波率达99.9%,吸波带宽达到3.1 GHz,吸收率明显增加.将GHz波段的结构缩小1 000倍,在THz波段同样可以达到高吸收,说明超材料吸波体可以通过对结构尺寸调节改变吸收波段.同时,对其阵列进行仿真计算,发现不同的排列方式仿真结果不同.由于各个谐振环之间的相互作用对吸收效果影响较大,吸收率减小.该吸波材料由金属组成,能灵活地对介电常量和磁导率进行调节,从而实现高吸收.     

宽带透射吸收极化无关超材料吸波体

提出了一种新的基于磁性吸波体材料的具有低频透射和高频宽带吸收特性的超材料吸波体.该超材料吸波体在1 GHz的透射系数为-0.5 dB,具有较好的低频透射特性,可以实现对低频信号的相互通信;在频率大于8.4 GHz的频段,吸收率均大于80%,基本覆盖整个X波段和Ku波段,实现高频宽带吸收.此外,由于该超材料吸波体的单元金属周期结构具有较好的四重旋转对称性,因而是极化无关的.该透射吸收超材料吸波体设计简单,实用性强,具有较强的潜在应用价值.     

基于石墨烯和一维光子晶体复合结构实现可见光全波段吸收器

为了实现可见光全波段光波吸收器,设计了石墨烯和一维光子晶体的复合结构。用修正的传输矩阵法研究它的传输特性。通过参数的优化和设计级联结构,在正入射条件下该结构在整个可见光波段除两个个别频率吸收率为0.7和0.66外,其余吸收率均达到0.88。结构的吸收还具有对入射角度不敏感的特征。     

太赫兹超材料吸收器的逆向设计

提出一种顶层图案为圆环加双开口谐振环结构的吸收器,并通过神经网络实现太赫兹超材料吸收器结构参数的逆向设计。该神经网络由输入层、输出层和5层隐藏层构成,输入为所需吸收率和品质因子,根据电磁共振理论将3个结构参数设定为输出。仿真结果表明,该吸收器在1.192 THz频率处的吸收率可达99.99%,在1.22 THz频率处品质因子可达31.7,其吸收性能与目标性能的误差最小为0.9%。所提方法显著简化了吸收器的设计过程,为太赫兹超材料的快速发展提供可能。     

一种宽频带超材料吸波体的设计及其特性

为了获得吸收率高、吸波带宽宽的超材料,设计了一种谐振超材料吸波体.该吸波体由多个开口圆环组成,采用商业软件CST Studio Suite 2009频域求解器计算了其在25～35 GHz波段内的S参量,并计算了其吸波率A(ω),在28.4 GHz处吸收率达到86％,带宽达到3.5 GHz.利用不同吸波频段的叠加效应,设计了一种谐振超材料吸波组合体,计算了在25～35 GHz波段的S参量,在29.7 GHz处吸波率达99.9％,吸波带宽达到3.1 GHz,吸收率明显增加.将GHz波段的结构缩小1 000倍,在THz波段同样可以达到高吸收,说明超材料吸波体可以通过对结构尺寸调节改变吸收波段.同时,对其阵列进行仿真计算,发现不同的排列方式仿真结果不同.由于各个谐振环之间的相互作用对吸收效果影响较大,吸收率减小.该吸波材料由金属组成,能灵活地对介电常量和磁导率进行调节,从而实现高吸收.     

Broadband metamaterial absorber on a single-layer ultrathin substrate

In this article, a broadband metamaterial microwave absorber on a low-cost FR-4 Epoxy substrate is proposed. The unit cell of the absorber consists of a staircase shape metallic patch placed on the top of the metal-backed ultrathin dielectric substrate having a thickness of 1.9 mm (0.07 λ₀). The absorption of more than 90% is achieved with this proposed low profile single-layer microwave absorber throughout the operation band from 8.86 to 15.5 GHz. The performance is analyzed for different values of incident angle, polarization angle, substrate height, and dielectric constant. The surface current and the power loss density at the top and bottom planes at the two absorption peaks of 9.46 and 13.90 GHz are also analyzed to elaborate the absorption mechanism of the structure. Experimental result closely follows the simulated one. The broadband characteristics of the design with relative absorption bandwidth (RAB) of 54.51% at both TE and TM polarizations of incident wave for a wide incident angles makes it versatile for applications in the X and Ku bands of microwave frequencies. The proposed work is very compact (unit cell size: 0.22 λ₀) with ultrathin substrate height (0.07 λ₀) and giving RAB performance of 54.51% comparable with that of others. Thus with this single-layer low-cost substrate material a broadband absorber is achieved.     

Broad band metamaterial absorber based on wheel resonators with lumped elements for microwave energy harvesting

A new metamaterial absorber structure is designed and characterized both numerically and experimentally for microwave energy harvesting applications. The proposed structure includes four wheel resonators with different dimensions, from which the overall response of the structure can then be obtained by summing all the overlapping frequency responses corresponding to each dimension. The essential operation frequency range of the wheels is selected in such a way that the energy used in wireless communications and found within the environment that we live is absorbed. The dimensions are obtained using parametric study and genetic algorithm to realize wideband absorption response. When the simulation and measurement results are taken into account, it is observed that the metamaterial absorber based harvester has potential to absorb and convert microwave energy with an absorption ratio lying within the range of 80 and 99% for the frequency band of 3–5.9 and 7.3–8 GHz. The conversion efficiency of the structure as a harvester is found to be greater than 0.8 in the interval of 2–5 GHz. Furthermore, the incident angle and polarization dependence of the wheel resonator based metamaterial absorber and harvester is also investigated and it is observed that the structure has both polarization and incident angle independent frequency response with good absorption characteristics in the entire working frequency band. Hence, the suggested design having good absorption, polarization and angle independent characteristics with wide bandwidth is a potential candidate for future energy harvester using wireless communication frequency band.     

Numerical study of metamaterial absorber and extending absorbance bandwidth based on multi-square patches

A simple design of metamaterial absorber (MA) was proposed based on a periodic array of metal patch at microwave frequencies. Our design could exhibit absorption of 99.9% confirmed by numerical simulation. Such high narrowband absorption which mainly based on strong electric and magnetic resonances overlapping in a certain frequency range and perfect impedance-matched (z = 1) to the free space. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the MA could achieve very high absorptivity at wide angles of incidence for both transverse electric (TE) wave and transverse magnetic (TM) wave. The absorption band of our device is effectively extended by patterning multi-square patches of different dimension elements with appropriate geometrical parameters in a co-planar. Finally, the composite MA is only 0.4 mm thick, with a maximum absorption of 99.8% at 15.8 GHz, and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) bandwidth of 2 GHz by numerical simulation, which may have potential applications in the detection of explosives and stealth.     

Tunable broadband metamaterial absorber consisting of ferrite slabs and a copper wire

A tunable broadband metamaterial absorber is demonstrated at microwave frequencies in this paper.The metamaterial absorber is composed of ferrite slabs with large resonance beamwidths and a copper wire.The theoretical analysis for the effective media parameters is presented to show the mechanism for achieving the perfect absorptivity characteristic.The numerical results of transmission,reflectance,and absorptivity indicate that the metamaterial absorber exhibits a near perfect impedance-match to free space and a high absorptivity of 98.2% for one layer and 99.97% for two layers at 9.9 GHz.The bandwidth with the absorptivity above 90% is about 2.3 GHz.Moreover,the absorption band can be shifted linearly in a wide frequency range by adjusting the magnetic bias.This metamaterial absorber opens a way to prepare perfectly matched layers for engineering applications.     

Resistive high-impedance surfaces (RHIS) as absorbers for oblique incidence electromagnetic waves

This paper presents a lightweight microwave absorber suitable for space applications. The absorber is based on a resistive high-impedance surface (RHIS) optimized to achieve reflection under ?15 dB in the band (2–2.3 GHz) at oblique incidence for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations. A first classical isotropic RHIS structure is shown to be limited to angles of incidence up to 40° for TE polarized waves and up to 35° for TM polarized waves. So the objective of this contribution is to present a second solution based on an anisotropic RHIS structure which presents good absorption of incident waves in TE and TM polarizations for larger angles of incidence. An example is presented for an incidence angle of 65°.     

Ultra-wideband water-based metamaterial absorber with temperature insensitivity

The natural water has frequency dispersion and its permittivity is also related to temperature, which are important factors to design temperature insensitive absorber at microwave frequency. Here, a water-based metamaterial absorber which is fabricated by 3D-printing is proposed. The absorber can perform stably at different temperatures and it also shows 90% absorption in the frequency range of 7.9–21.7 GHz. The experiment proves that the absorber can work at a wide incident angle and is polarization insensitive. Based on these features, the water-based absorber could be applied to various electromagnetic scenarios such as stealth technology and electromagnetic compatibility in temperature-variable environment.     

Simulated and experimental studies of a multi-band symmetric metamaterial absorber with polarization independence for radar applications

We develop a simple new design for a multi-band metamaterial absorber (MTMA) for radar applications. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Studio Suite 2018 was used for the numerical analysis and absorption study. The simulated results show four high peaks at 5.6 GHz, 7.6 GHz, 10.98 GHz, and 11.29 GHz corresponding to absorption characteristics of 100%, 100%, 99%, and 99%, respectively. Furthermore, two different structures were designed and compared with the proposed MTMA. The proposed structure remained insensitive for any incident angle and polarization angle from 0° to 60°. Moreover, negative constitutive parameters were retrieved numerically. To support the simulated results, the proposed design was fabricated by using a computer numerical control-based printed circuit board prototyping machine and tested experimentally in a microwave laboratory. The absorption mechanism of the proposed MTMA is presented through the surface current and electric field distributions. The novelties of the proposed structure are a simple and new design, ease of fabrication, low cost, durability, suitability for real-time applications and long-term stability given the fabrication technique and non-destructive measurement method and very high absorption. The proposed structure has potential applications in C and X band frequency ranges.     

双层螺旋环超表面复合吸波体等效电路模型及微波损耗机制

针对超材料吸波频带窄的问题,采用金属螺旋环超表面与碳纤维吸波材料相复合的方式,设计了宽频高性能复合吸波体.研究发现,在碳纤维吸波材料中引入双层螺旋环超表面能显著增强吸收峰值和吸波带宽,且适当增加螺旋环初始线长和吸收层厚度有利于提高复合吸波体的吸波性能, 9.2—18.0 GHz频段的反射损耗均优于–10 dB (带宽达8.8 GHz),吸收峰值达–14.4 dB.利用S参数计算得到螺旋环-碳纤维复合吸波体的等效电磁参数和特征阻抗呈现多频点谐振特性,通过构建双层螺旋环超表面等效电路模型,定量计算了复合吸波体的电磁谐振频点,发现由等效电路模型获得的谐振频点计算值与仿真值基本相符,说明该复合吸波体多频点电磁谐振是宽频电磁损耗的主要机制.     

Broadband,polarization-insensitive,and wide-angle microwave absorber based on resistive film

A simple design of broadband metamaterial absorber(MA) based on resistive film is numerically presented in this paper.The unit cell of this absorber is composed of crossed rectangular rings-shaped resistive film,dielectric substrate,and continuous metal film.The simulated results indicate that the absorber obtains a 12.82-GHz-wide absorption from about 4.75 GHz to 17.57 GHz with absorptivity over 90% at normal incidence.Distribution of surface power loss density is illustrated to understand the intrinsic absorption mechanism of the structure.The proposed structure can work at wide polarization angles and wide angles of incidence for both transverse electric(TE) and transverse magnetic(TM) waves.Finally,the multi-reflection interference theory is involved to analyze and explain the broadband absorption mechanism at both normal and oblique incidence.Moreover,the polarization-insensitive feature is also investigated by using the interference model.It is seen that the simulated and calculated absorption rates agree fairly well with each other for the absorber.     

A dual-band polarization insensitive metamaterial absorber with split ring resonator

A dual-band polarization insensitive absorber has been proposed . Unlike the previous dual band absorber composed of composite structures, only one square metal ring with a slit at the middle of each side can be used to achieve the dual-band absorption. The calculated results show two distinct absorption peaks of 0.96 at 10 GHz and 0.99 at 20 GHz. In addition, the positions of the two peaks are strongly influenced by the width of the slit (g). More importantly, the absorptions of the two peaks keep higher than 0.9 while g changing. The dual-band absorber may have many potential applications in scientific and technological areas because of its excellent absorption characteristics and concise structure.