超声光栅与平面透射光栅衍射图样的比较研究

分析了超声光栅的形成机理,给出了超声光栅衍射图样光强分布的解析表示,通过理论分析和数值模拟对超声光栅与平面透射光栅的衍射图样进行了比较研究.结果表明其衍射主极大满足类似的光栅方程,但衍射条纹的强度分布不同;都能产生缺级现象,但规律不同;超声光栅是一种动态光栅,各级衍射谱线的频率不同.     

超声光栅测声速实验的量化分析

对超声光栅测声速实验中声光光栅的光栅常数取值问题进行了分析,同时说明了该实验中声速测量结果与光栅常数取值无关。     

超声光栅实验原理及衍射条纹特点

论述了超声光栅的形成机理,运用定性半定量的方法,唯像而直观地给出了超声光栅衍射条纹的强度分布,并就相关问题进行了讨论。     

基于光纤光栅传感的金属薄板超声探测

搭建了光纤光栅检测超声应力波系统,并阐述其工作原理,以动态应变与光纤光栅中心波长漂移量间关系为基础,推导得出输出电压与板中应变成线性关系.采用超声信号发生器发射28kHz的脉冲信号激励超声振子,通过有机玻璃楔形块将激励传递至5052铝合金薄板产生超声应力波,并利用光纤光栅应变传感器对其进行探测.在板上开一98mm长裂缝,测得超声应力波中出现新的波包,通过计算损伤前后新增波包到来的时间差确定裂缝位置,所测结果与实际位置偏差为2.7mm.该实验表明光纤光栅可代替超声探头来实现对低频超声波的探测.     

复杂流场的超声-激光测量原理研究

本文从复杂流场—旋涡场参量的超声—激光测试方法的需要出发,论述了超声波产生的声相位光栅对激光产生的偏转效应.并研制了适用于产生空气超声相位光栅的大功率高频超声换能器、位移灵敏接收器、数字相位差测定仪等设备,采用了超声发射的匹配技术等,从而获得了明显的空气超声-激光偏转效应,并且测定了两光束的偏转时间差.本文的结果为利用超声-激光的空气声光偏转效应测量空气旋涡流场参量提供了实验依据.     

行波与驻波超声光栅衍射的对比研究

理论上分析了超声行波和驻波光栅衍射的特点。设计出了一种可观察超声行波和驻波光栅衍射特点的实验装置。理论分析和实验结果显示:行波情况下,会出现缺级现象;驻波情况下,不会发生缺级现象。     

超声光栅测声速的方法运用到液体表面波波速的测量

理论上分析了超声光栅衍射和液体表面波光栅衍射,得到了表面波光栅衍射图样与表面波参数的解析关系.实验上得到清晰的衍射图样,利用表面波光栅衍射法测量了液体表面波波速,实验结果与理论值误差不超过1%.     

声光Naman-Nath衍射特性的研究

讨论了液体介质中的超声相位光栅的形成,根据声光相互作用类型的区分标准,在液体介质的超声光栅实验中声光相互作用一般为Naman-Nath衍射;相位光栅可以由声行波和声驻波形成,且形成的各级衍射条纹极大均由相同的光栅方程决定,各级衍射条纹的强度由相应阶次的J2m函数值决定;在此基础上给出了衍射条纹和衍射光强的分布特点.     

基于PASCO平台的超声光栅实验设计及应用

利用PASCO物理平台实验附件可组装性强的特征,设计与搭建了超声光栅实验装置,获得了清晰、直观的超声光栅衍射光强分布图,并利用极值查找等数据处理工具确定精确的衍射条纹位置.在此基础上,通过测量与计算得到了不同酒精溶液浓度下的超声波声速.     

超声光栅测液体声速原理和实验

本文对用超声驻波自身像法和超声光栅衍射法测定液体声速的原理进行了分析,并介绍了其实验方法     

Fiber optic liquid leak detection technique with an ultrasonic actuator and a fiber Bragg grating

We present a technique for liquid leak detection in which ultrasonic and optical waves are introduced into a fiber simultaneously. The system is based on an ultrasonic technique using an ultrasonic actuator and a fiber Bragg grating receiver. A fiber-guided ultrasonic wave is utilized to stress the fiber Bragg grating, which is remote from the ultrasonic transmitter. When the traveling ultrasonic wave encounters a liquid, part of the wave will leak out from the fiber, which results in an ultrasonic strain decrease in the fiber Bragg grating. The ultrasonic wave and its attenuation are detected by the light variation of a narrowband laser source reflected and transmitted from the fiber Bragg grating, and the amplitude variation of the ultrasound can eventually be correlated with the fiber area coupled with the liquid.     

π相移光纤光栅对超声波致非均匀应变场的传感特性

π相移光纤光栅用于水中超声传感时,超声波沿光纤轴向入射和垂直光纤入射时的传感波形及幅度显著不同。针对这一现象,本文建立了基于光学传递矩阵的光纤光栅声传感理论模型,计算了超声波分别沿轴向和沿垂直方向入射时π相移光纤光栅中的非均匀应变场分布,进而分析了光谱偏移,揭示了两种入射角度下π相移光纤光栅的传感特性与声传播导致的应变场分布相关,并通过实验进行了验证。结果表明,两种入射角度产生的不同的非均匀应变场分布对π相移光纤光栅的传感特性影响明显。超声波垂直入射时的传感波形和幅度均优于轴向入射,且π相移处对传感有显著作用。当入射位置远离π相移处时,垂直入射的响应也明显降低。本研究可为π相移光纤光栅超声传感的机理分析提供参考。     

光速测定中激光调制频率选择性的研究

对激光经过超声晶体光栅调制从而利用相位差和光程差进行光速测定进行了理论分析和实验研究。结果表明,在光速测定时超声波频率的选择并不影响测量结果,但在晶体谐振频率附近进行测量更有利于光强波形的观察和结果的测定。这一结论在同类实验问题的操作上具有一定的指导意义。     

Observation of the Talbot effect for ultrasonic waves

The diffraction of ultrasonic radiation on an amplitude diffraction grating in the near-field area (Fresnel diffraction) has been studied. The effect of self-imaging of the grating (Talbot effect) has been detected for ultrasonic radiation at distances from the grating in the range from z = 0 to z = 2L _T, where L _T is the Talbot length. The fractional Talbot effect, i.e., the ultrasonic image of the grating with the period d/2, has been observed.     

超声光栅实验中声致折射率变化的研究

为了研究声光效应中声致折射率变化情况,以超声光栅实验为基础,用CCD结合光强分析软件,分析了衍射光的强度分布;通过数值计算衍射光相对强度,比较得到了在超声场频率为10.27 MHz时,介质中的声光相位延迟Δ=1.2855 rad,声致折射率变化量Δn=3.014×10-6;进而讨论了电声换能器的机电耦合效率与超声频率的关系,给出当超声频率为10.33 MHz时,耦合效率最高,介质中折射率变化量最大;结果表明,在超声光栅实验中,引入这些测量内容,不仅能丰富实验内容,更能加深学生理解声光效应,扩展学生的知识面.     

Optical testing of ultrasonic phase gratings using a Fresnel diffraction method

A simple optical method is proposed for studying the Raman-Nath parameter of plane, sinusoidal, ultrasonic beams. The Fresnel diffraction field of a continuous ultrasonic grating illuminated by a collimated laser beam is measured by a photodetector placed mid-way between the self-image planes of the grating. Measurement of the amplitude of the fundamental of the output signal enables the absolute determination of the depth of phase modulation. A comparison of the proposed method with the techniques discussed in the literature is presented.     

Diffraction testing of ultrasonically-produced phase gratings using a double beam illumination method

An optical far-field method is described for studying ultrasonically-produced phase gratings with very small phase variations. An ultrasonic grating is illuminated by two plane waves mutually inclined at an angle properly matched to the diffraction angle of the inspected grating. The expressions for the time-dependent irradiance in the far-field diffraction orders are derived. They enable the extraction of the Raman-Nath parameter of a progressive ultrasonic beam. The application of the technique to pulsed ultrasound beams is proposed.