佛克脱光谱线型干涉图的理论及其应用研究

在一般压强的条件下,佛克脱光谱线型(高斯光谱线型和洛伦兹光谱线型的卷积)是最接近实际的光谱线型,但由于其没有具体的表达式,所以在实际应用中常采用各种近似来表示佛克脱光谱线型.文章未采用任何近似,计算了佛克脱光谱线型干涉图的具体表达式,表明虽然佛克脱光谱线型没有具体表达式,但其干涉图是可以严格求解的.而且其变换结果为一实函数,与高斯光谱线型和洛伦兹光谱线型的变换结果的表达式非常相似,因而可以进行谱线综合展宽的各种计算,而不是像有的文献所预言的有实部和虚部两部分,给计算带来困难.计算结果与实验结果一致.作为应用的一个实例,作者指出了其在大气风场测量中的重要应用.此计算对气体展宽在傅里叶变换光谱仪中的应用方面具有非常重要的意义.     

高层大气风场洛伦兹光谱线型粒子辐射率探测研究

以高层大气中的极光谱线为被探测源,提出了一种高层大气(80—300km)风场洛伦兹光谱线型的粒子辐射率被动探测的新原理.采用该原理不仅可获得高层大气风场的速度、温度和压强信息,更重要的是还能同时探测到高层大气中辐射粒子体辐射率,解决了目前高层大气风场研究中只能探测高层大气风场速度、温度和压强却不能获知粒子的体辐射率的问题.给出了基于洛伦兹光谱线型的辐射源粒子体辐射率、大气风场速度、温度和压强的理论计算公式.采用计算机模拟对探测误差进行了分析,给出了体辐射率、风场速度、温度、压强的误差分布规律,为进一步丰富和完善高层大气风场探测提供了理论依据和实验基础,对航空航天、空间探测、环境保护、国家安全和国民经济建设都具有重要的科学意义和广阔的应用前景.     

Study of a lidar for measurement of thermospheric He I 1083 nm for Lorentzian profile

Using the lidar backscatter cross-section and the normalized Lorentzian profile, we investigate the backscatter cross-section and the returned signal of He I 1083 nm for the Lorentzian profile theoretically. Taking the average temperature and pressure, we find that the backscattering cross-section for Lorentzian profile is larger than that for Gaussian profile near the line center, while is smaller than that for Gaussian profile far away from the line center. Through simulation, we find that the returned signal is strong enough for measurement of thermospheric metastable helium. This investigation is significant in the thermospheric metastable helium by lidar.     

Multiple-beam interferometric determination of the coherence length of spectral sources

A theoretical treatment for multiple-beam fringe visibility taking into consideration the profile of the spectral source is derived for (a) a Gaussian profile; and (b) a Lorentzian profile. A comparative study between the visibility of the two profiles is presented. Expressions for the intensity distribution for Doppler and Voigt cases are given. The fringe visibility dependence on the half-width of the spectral profile of the light illuminating the interferometer for the two cases, namely Lorentzian and Gaussian, is presented. This leads to the view that the coherence length for a Voigt profile is less than it is in the absence of Doppler or pressure broadening. Multiple-beam Fabry-Perot fringes in transmission have been utilized for the determination of the coherence length of the two spectral lines emitted from ¹⁹⁸Hg at wavelengths of 5461 Å and 4358 Å. The method for determination is based on the variation of the visibility of the recorded interference fringes with path difference.     

洛伦兹光谱线型的高层大气风场被动探测原理分析

通过探测高层大气中气辉(极光)辐射线的多普勒频移，可以反演出高层大气中的速度、温度和压强等物理量。以高层大气中的极光(原子氧跃迁所辐射的两条主要谱线)为被探测源，对于洛伦兹光谱线型高层大气风场的探测原理和方法进行了研究；给出了基于洛伦兹光谱线型高层大气的速度场、温度场和压力场的分布规律和理论计算公式；采用计算机模拟，描绘了洛伦兹光谱线型风场的误差曲线，表明了洛伦兹光谱线型在高层大气风场探测中占有相当重要的地位。     

An analytical derivation of a popular approximation of the Voigt function for quantification of NMR spectra

The approximation of the Voigt line shape by the linear summation of Lorentzian and Gaussian line shapes of equal width is well documented and has proved to be a useful function for modeling in vivo (1)H NMR spectra. We show that the error in determining peak areas is less than 0.72% over a range of simulated Voigt line shapes. Previous work has concentrated on empirical analysis of the Voigt function, yielding accurate expressions for recovering the intrinsic Lorentzian component of simulated line shapes. In this work, an analytical approach to the approximation is presented which is valid for the range of Voigt line shapes in which either the Lorentzian or Gaussian component is dominant. With an empirical analysis of the approximation, the direct recovery of T(2) values from simulated line shapes is also discussed.     

The profile of the Fe 372·00 nm line excited in a hollow cathode discharge

The profile of the Fe 372·00 nm line emitted in the negative glow of a hollow-cathode discharge is analyzed. The value of the discharge current was varied within the range 7–15 mA, the neon pressure being 1·22–4·40 Torr. The Lorenzian and Gaussian components of the recorded line profile were corrected for instrumental broadening. A correlation was found to exist between the Gaussian component and the cathode voltage drop. The half-width of the Lorentzian component shows the expected dependence on gas pressure. Under the operating conditions used, this component is approx. 10² times greater than the natural one. No dependence on the discharge current was observed. The emitted line profiles may be considered to be Voigt functions with the Voigt parameter varying in the range 3·2 × 10^-2 to 5.5 × 10^-2     

纳米流体激光自混频功率谱及其计算

激光自混频技术可用于纳米颗粒和纳米流体的探测。在纳米流体自混频信号自相关函数的基础上,理论推导了功率谱函数的表达式。结果表明,纳米流体的激光自混频信号功率谱是洛伦兹线型和高斯线型的卷积,即佛赫特(Voigt)线型。通过数值计算研究了各种典型情况下激光自混频信号功率谱的频谱特征,颗粒定向运动速度决定了多普勒频移和高斯线宽,颗粒粒度决定了洛伦兹线型的宽度,颗粒粒度和速度与功率谱之间的对应关系为纳米流体的测量提供了理论基础。     

Voigt线型函数及其最大值的研究

研究了多普勒和洛伦兹线型函数卷积形式的Voigt线型函数, 给出了它的最大值.结果表明, Voigt线型函数是关于中心频率的对称函数, Voigt线型函数的最大值由多普勒和洛伦兹线型函数的半宽度决定, 与中心频率无关, 且比洛伦兹和多普勒线型函数的最大值都小.提出了利用Voigt线型函数最大值和半宽度获得多普勒线型函数和洛伦兹线型函数的方法, 并利用Monte Carlo方法进行了验证. 关键词： Voigt线型函数 半宽度 最大值 傅里叶变换     

基于洛伦兹线型极光的上层大气风场探测模式研究

从洛伦兹线型极光的干涉强度、调制度与光程差的理论公式出发,用λ/4的步进光程差即“四强度法”获得一个波长范围内的4个干涉强度值,以实现基于洛伦兹线型极光的上层大气的风速、温度、压强等物理量的探测。提出用改形萨尼亚克成像干涉仪替代迈克耳孙干涉仪实现上层大气风场,给出了基准光程差的公式,并用四面角锥棱镜镀膜技术获得4个干涉强度值来同时探测上层大气风场的模式。最后在实验室将Kr灯557.0nm调整光束到一定宽度,对称地从顶角为60°的两面镀膜角锥棱镜的顶点入射,用768pixel×576pixel的CCD照相机接收到两个光斑的成像,这两个光斑的再复制就得到镀膜四面角锥棱镜在一个周期内的4个干涉强度光斑,从而获得上层大气风场。     

Some effects of radiative and collisional broadening on line emission in a spherical,laser-heated plasma

We have generalized our treatment of resonance-line radiation from a spherical, laser-heated plasma by including the effects of radiative and collisional line broadening in representing the line-emission and absorption profiles by a Voigt function. We find that the emitted profiles are broadened by factors of five or more, depending on the magnitude of the damping constant. It is also shown that the Al(XIII) to Al(XII) line ratios are seriously affected by the different escape probabilities associated with Doppler and Voigt profiles. We also find that plasma cooling via resonance-line radiation is accelerated relative to that calculated with a pure Doppler profile, and that use of the Voigt profile decreases the density of excited states relative to the Doppler values. These phenomena are analyzed in terms of the differing profile shapes and widths.     

Spectrum profiles in the presence of stark,Lorentz and Doppler broadenings

The nearest neighbor approximation of the Stark broadening is used, together with the standard Lorentzian and Doppler profiles, to compute convoluted line profiles. Two universal profile functions are obtained which are analogous to the Voigt function.     

N2- and O2-broadening coefficients and profiles for millimeter lines of N2O

For the purpose of atmospheric applications, we have measured N₂- and O₂-induced broadenings and shapes of rotational lines of N₂O in the 235-350 K temperature range, precisely the J=8←7, J=22←21, and J=23←22 lines, located near 201, 552, and 577 GHz, respectively. The analysis of experimental lineshapes shows up significant deviations from the Voigt profile, which are characteristic of line narrowing processes. In a first step, the Voigt profile was considered for the determination of pressure broadening parameters and of their temperature dependencies. Results are in good agreement with the dependence from rotational quantum number previously observed for other rotational and rovibrational lines. They are well explained by calculations based on a semiclassical formalism that includes the atom-atom Lennard-Jones potential in addition to electrostatic interactions up to hexadecapolar contributions. In a second step, observed lineshapes were analyzed by using the Galatry profile and a speed-dependent Voigt profile. The nonlinear pressure behavior observed for the diffusion rate β involved in the Galatry profile leads to rule out the possible role of velocity/speed changing collisions, and to infer that discrepancies from the Voigt profile result from the dependence of relaxation rates on molecular speeds. This interpretation is supported by the comparison of optical and kinetic radii and confirmed by theoretical calculations of relaxation rates. Finally, it can be claimed that, for the N₂O-N₂ and N₂O-O₂ systems, deviations from the Voigt profile are explained by a speed-dependent Voigt profile.     

Interference image spectroscopy for upper atmospheric wind field measurement

Based on the observation of natural airglow and auroral visible emission lines in the upper atmosphere as the explored source, we have surveyed the upper atmosphere wind field through interference imaging spectroscopy coupled with the Doppler effect of electrical and magnetic waves. The velocity and temperature of the upper atmospheric wind field are analyzed and studied. The survey theory and calculation formula of atmosphere wind field in all directions and multi-directions are presented when the relative velocity of the explored source to the detector and their linking line have an arbitrary angle. We also analyzed the effects of the measurement of the upper atmospheric wind field using computer simulation, and explained the reason why the auroral emission line is thought as Gaussian profile.     

Theory of the resonance escape factors of plasma resonance lines basing on the exact Voigt profile

In this paper, based on the exact Voigt profile we obtained, we derive the theory of resonance escape factors of plasma resonance lines, for both Lorentzian profile and Voigt profile. The oscillator strength, the number density of the absorbing atoms in the ground state, and the optical depth in the line center are discussed. As an example, the helium He I 1083.0 nm, lithium Li I 670.970 nm and carbon C I 111.74 nm are discussed for infrared, visible and ultraviolet regions. The results we calculated are in good agreement with the experimental results. These calculations will be significant in the theoretical analysis of plasma.      

Acoustic sounding of wind velocity profiles in a stratified moving atmosphere.

The paper deals with analytical and numerical studies of the effects of atmospheric stratification on acoustic remote sensing of wind velocity profiles by sodars. Both bistatic and monostatic schemes are considered. Formulas for the Doppler shift of an acoustic echo signal scattered by atmospheric turbulence advected with the mean wind in a stratified moving atmosphere are derived. Numerical studies of these formulas show that errors in retrieving wind velocity can be of the order of 1 m/s if atmospheric stratification is ignored. Formulas for the height at which wind velocity is retrieved are also derived. Approaches are proposed which allow one to take into account the effects of atmospheric stratification when restoring the wind velocity profile from measured values of the Doppler shift and the time interval of acoustic impulse propagation from a sodar to the scattering volume and back to the ground.     

The output of amplified spontaneous emission lasers

The output of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) lasers such as X-ray lasers operated without mirrors is calculated exactly for Gaussian and Lorentzian small signal gain profiles by a simple Taylor series expansion. The accuracy of the ‘Linford’ formula commonly used as an approximation for the output of ASE lasers is evaluated by comparison to our exact solutions. The Linford formula is accurate to better than 10% for intensities produced by a Gaussian gain profile, but requires multiplication by a correction factor of at gain length product greater than 5 for Lorentzian gain profiles.     

Speed-dependent Voigt profile for water vapor in infrared remote sensing applications

The Voigt profile does not provide a sufficiently accurate representation of the line shape for air-broadened H₂O vapor over a significant range of conditions commonly encountered in atmospheric remote sensing. A speed-dependent Voigt profile yields much improved residuals in the analysis of water from infrared measurements collected by the atmospheric chemistry experiment (ACE), a satellite mission for remote sensing of the Earth's atmosphere. An analytical expression is presented for the rapid calculation of the speed-dependent Voigt profile.     

瑞利散射多普勒激光雷达风场反演方法

介绍了瑞利散射多普勒激光雷达的风场探测原理和系统结构. 给出了Fabry-Perot(FP)标准具透过率曲线的校准方法. 指出对透过率采用Lorentz或Voigt拟合会产生较大误差,特别是采用Lorentz拟合最大将引起8%的误差. 提出了采用非线性最小二乘法拟合标准具的透过率函数,该方法可以有效消除拟合误差,提高风速测量精度. 考虑到温度不确定度在风场反演过程中的主导影响,提出了同时反演风速和大气温度的非线性迭代算法. 风场反演仿真试验结果表明:在不考虑米散射信号的影响下,该反演算法与传统的反演方法相 关键词： 激光雷达 瑞利散射 多普勒 风     

基于红外检测的H2S传感器中光谱吸收的理论

对于光纤红外的方法检测污染气体的浓度,光谱吸收理论具有非常重要的意义。根据朗伯-比尔(Beer-Lambert)理论,首先从硫化氢(H2S)气体浓度的定量分析以及分子参数的理论进行研究,再通过分析该气体的吸收线得出该气体的吸收系数α(ν)的一般方法。并得到,在气体压强小于0.03个标准大气压(atm,1atm=1.01325×105Pa)时用高斯(Gaussian)线型拟合,大于2atm时用洛伦兹(Lorentzian)线型拟合,它们的相对误差都控制在小于0.1的范围之内。压强在0.03—2atm之间时,吸收线型用福赫特(Voigt)线型拟合比较好,理论上得到很好的结果。