苯基荧光酮法定量测定倍半氧化羧乙基锗(Ge-132)中的氧化锗

采用苯基荧光酮分光光度法测定β－羧乙基锗倍半氧化物（即锗－１３２）中的氧化锗,方法简便,相关系数达０．９９９６３,回收率９３％～１０７％。     

分光光度法测定饮料食品中痕量有机锗和无机锗的研究

本文研究了在溴化十六烷基三甲基铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）抗坏血酸（Ｖｃ）存在下，苯基荧光酮（Ｐｆ）光度法测定痕量锗的最佳实验条件及配合物的组成，从而建立了测定痕是锗的新方法，其方法的灵敏度ε＝１．０３４×１０＾５Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１锗含量在０－１６．８μｇ／２５ｍＬ范围内符合比耳定律，稳定性好，操作简便，快速。应用本法测定了矿泉水，茉莉花茶，大蒜中有机锗和无机锗的含量，回收率在９１．６％－１０３．５     

原子吸收光谱法测定有机锗（Ge—132）中的锗及其杂质

火焰原子吸收法测定有机锗（Ｇｅ－１３２）中的锗，线性浓度范围为０－１．２５ｍｇ／ｍＬ，方法精度为１．２％，相对标准偏差〉２％，平均回收率为９９．５％，杂质Ｐｂ和Ａｓ用塞曼石墨炉原子吸收测定，Ｐｂ用（ＮＨ４）２ＨＰＯ４＋Ｍｇ作改进剂，Ａｓ用Ｐｄ作改进剂，特征质量分别为８．２ｐｇ和８ｐｇ，相对标准偏差分别为２．１％和２．２％，并讨论了有关机理问题。     

火焰原子吸收光谱测定微量锗的研究

本文研究了空气－乙炔火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定饮料及灵芝酒中微量金属元素锗。该法线性范围宽（５０－３００μｇ／ｍｌ），选择性强，并有良好的精密度和准确度。样品加标回收率为９７．９－１０３．４％，变异系数１．４％。本方法适用于保健滋补饮品中锗的分析。     

正丁醇萃取石墨炉原子吸收法测定微量锗

建立了萃取－石墨炉原子吸收法测定中草药、植物样品及水系沉积物中微量锗的方法。锗与钼酸铵在０．３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的硝酸介质中，可以生成稳定的锗钼杂多酸盐，并能被正丁醇萃取，有机相直接进样测定。本方法采用钼酸铵浸渍处理石墨管，直接测定了枸杞、蕨麻等植物样品及水系沉积物中的微量锗。方法的检出限为６．０×１０（－１２）ｇ，对于３０ｎｇ／ｍＬ锗的测定相对标准偏差为５．０％     

2—三苯基锗基乙基苯基酮,4—三氯锗基—4—甲基—2—戊酮及其类似？…

我们合成有机锗化合物的理要中间体４－三氯锗基－４－甲基－２－戊酮（Ａ）、３－三氯锗基－３,５,５－三甲基环已酮（Ｂ）、２－三氯锗基－２－苯基乙基苯基酮（Ｃ）、２－三苯基锗基乙基苯基酮（Ｄ）,没测量了他们的Ｒａｍａｍ和ＩＲ光谱半进行了讨论。在化合物Ａ－Ｄ的Ｒａｍａｍ和ＩＲ光谱,苯环中的Ｃ－Ｈ伸缩振动,饱和Ｃ－Ｈ伸缩振动,饱和Ｇｅ－Ｃ伸缩振动等特征数据基本一致。Ｃ＝０伸缩振动在Ｒａｍａｍ和ＩＲ光谱中位     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定饮料和中成药中锗

本文研究了石墨炉原子吸收（ＧＦＡＡＳ）直接测定某些饮料和中成药中的锗。选用钯和酒石酸为改进剂与纯钯比较，灰化温度提高至１６００℃未见锗的损失，灵敏度提高了３７％。具有较强的抗干扰的能力。本法特征质量ｍｏ值为３２ｐｇ，实际样品测定检出限为０．２４μｇ／Ｌ（３σ计），相对标准偏差为２．６％，回收率８９％－１１０％。     

ICP－AES法测定富锗酵母中微量元素

本文采用美国ＬｅｅｍａｎＬａｂｓ公司中阶梯光栅光谱仪测定了人工培养的富锗酵母中高含量锗及镁、铜、锌、铁、钾、钠等微量元素，研究了富锗样品的前处理方法，样品加标回收率在９０％－１０３％之间，测量相对标准偏差：锗１０％，镁、铜、锌、铁、钾、钠等元素小于７％。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定麦芽粉中的锗和硒

本文叙述了平台石墨炉原子吸收法测定麦芽粉中的锗和硒，采用Ｐｄ＋Ｎｉ和Ｐｄ基体改进剂，使锗和硒的灰化温度分别提高到１４００和１２００℃，有效地消除了基体干扰。方法特征量为３１ｐｇ（Ｇｅ）和２３ｐｇ（Ｓｅ），检出限为２８ｐｇＧｅ和６２ｐｇＳｅ（３σ）。对含２２￣１１０μｇ／ｇＧｅ和１８￣３５μｇ／ｇＳｅ的样品测定，相对标准偏差为Ｇｅ３．７￣５．６％（ｎ＝９），Ｓｅ４．３￣６．５％（ｎ＝９），回收率在９     

5′-硝基水杨基荧光酮双波长标准加入分光光度法同时测定锗和钼

在０．３～０．９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ硫酸介质中，在溴化十六烷基三甲铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）存在下，５′－硝基水杨基荧光酮（５′－ＮＳＦ）与锗（Ⅳ）和钼（Ⅵ）形成最大吸收波长分别为５１３和５３３ｎｍ的红色配合物，其吸收光谱严重重叠。基于此，本文采用双波长标准加入法对该混合物的显色体系进行研究，建立了同时分光光度测定锗和钼的新方法，并与等吸收双波长法作了比较。     

原子吸收光谱法测定有机锗（Ge─132）中的锗及其杂质

火焰原子吸收法测定有机锗（Ｇｅ．１３２）①中的锗，线性浓度范围为０－１．２５ｍｇ／ｍＬ，方法精度为１．２％，相对标准偏差＜２％，平均回收率为９９．５％。杂质Ｐｂ和Ａｓ用塞曼石墨炉原子吸收测定，Ｐｂ用（ＮＨ_４）_２ＨＰＯ_４＋Ｍｇ作改进剂，Ａｓ用Ｐｄ作改进剂，特征质量分别为８．２ｐｇ和８ｐｇ，相对标准偏差分别为２．１％和２．２％，并讨论了有关机理问题。     

Acousto-Optic Properties of Germanium-, Selenium-, Silicon-, and Tellurium-Based Alloys

Optics and Spectroscopy - Acoustic, optical, and acousto-optic properties of amorphous germanium-, selenium-, silicon-, and tellurium-based alloys have been studied. The velocities of longitudinal...     

Far infrared and millimeter wave studies of impurity scattering within electron-hole liquid in semiconductors

Despite the experimental evidence in far-infrared that impurities are ionized within the electron-hole liquid in silicon and germanium, combination of luminescence data with millimeter wave cyclotron resonance and far-infrared magneto-optics tells us that the impurity-assisted intervalley electron scattering within EHL in silicon can apparently be interpreted on the basis of neutral impurity scattering. Justification of simulating the impurity center within EHL as neutral is grounded for the electron scattering problem, making use of the atomic scattering theory in contrast with a simple ionized impurity model calculation with proper screening.     

霍尔离子源辅助制备长波红外碳化锗增透膜

为了提高锗基底的透过率和环境适应性,镀制了增透保护膜。应用电子枪蒸发加霍尔离子源辅助的方法沉积了碳化锗(Ge_1-xC_x)薄膜。通过固定霍尔离子源参数,控制沉积速率的工艺得到了不同光学常数的碳化锗薄膜。X射线衍射(XRD)测试表明,所制备的碳化锗薄膜在不同的沉积速率下均为无定形结构。采用傅立叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱仪测量了试片的透过率,使用包络法获得了相应工艺条件下的光学常数。在锗基底上双面镀制碳化锗增透膜后,长波红外7.5～11.5 μm波段的平均透过率T_ave>85%。经过环境实验之后的碳化锗膜层完好,证明碳化锗增透膜具有良好的环境适应性。     

单晶锗表面键合光敏染料的研究

本文在烯丙醇单体上进行了两种一甲川菁的合成,并用一种新的化学键合法将两种一甲川菁染料键合在抛光的半导体单晶锗表面。将键合有光敏染料的锗片进行了激光Raman光谱及XPS谱测试,结果表明,与对照锗片相比,键合后的锗片表面,锗衬底的一级拉曼峰强度减少,并在600～3200cm~(-1)范围内出现了与键合颜料分子相应的拉曼频移;在XPS谱中,分别进行了C,N,O,S,卤素等原子的谱图分析,证实了键合颜料后半导体单晶锗表面增加了C—N,S—C,C—O等键,结果与键合的颜料分子结构相符,表明两种光敏染料通过锗氧键共价键合于锗表面。     

Surface effects and reflection refractometry of optical fibres

Refractive index profiles of several types of silica-based low-loss optical fibres have been measured by the surface reflection technique. When polished samples are used inaccurate data are obtained. For germanium- and phosphorus-doped samples good results are obtained using samples prepared by fracturing the end of the fibre. For borosilicate fibres rapid changes due to atmospheric exposure result in inaccurate data.     

Effective Raman gain characteristics in germanium- and fluorine-doped optical fibers

We describe the dopant dependence of Raman gain in germanium- and fluorine-doped optical fibers. We clarify, both theoretically and experimentally, the effective Raman gain characteristic in an optical fiber, which is closely related to the fiber's refractive-index profile and electromagnetic field profile. We also show that this experimentally determined relationship can be used to evaluate the effective Raman gain characteristic in a germaninum- or a fluorine-doped optical fiber with an arbitrary index profile.     

Study on cosmogenic activation in germanium detectors for future tonne-scale CDEX experiment

A study on cosmogenic activation in germanium was carried out to evaluate the cosmogenic background level of natural and ~(70)Ge depleted germanium detectors. The production rates of long-lived radionuclides were calculated with Geant4 and CRY.Results were validated by comparing the simulated and experimental spectra of CDEX-1B detector. Based on the validated codes, the cosmogenic background level was predicted for further tonne-scale CDEX experiment. The suppression of cosmogenic background level could be achieved by underground germanium crystal growth and high-purity germanium detector fabrication to reach the sensitivity requirement for direct detection of dark matter. With the low cosmogenic background, new physics channels,such as solar neutrino research and neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments, were opened and the corresponding simulations and evaluations were carried out.     

高纯锗探测器的广泛应用和自主研制进展

以目前国际上极为活跃开展的暗物质探测、无中微子双 衰变研究为例,评述了高纯锗探测器的重要性及其广泛的应用前景。介绍了己开展的高纯锗单晶、探测器制备的关键技术研究进展:合作单位已研制出了用于高纯锗单晶材料制备的区熔炉、单晶炉;并制备出直径为20  50 cm、纯度为12N(< 41011  atoms/cm3)、位错< 5000 atoms/cm2 的锗单晶;掌握了高纯锗探测器(平面型、同轴型)制备的关键技术,用进口高纯锗单晶材料制备出的同轴型高纯锗探测器对射线的能量分辨率及探测效率均达到进口产品指标,使用自制的12N 高纯锗单晶材料己制备出平面型高纯锗探测器。呼吁加速高纯锗研制的自主创新步伐,尽早实现其国产化目标。The article reviews importance and wide applications of HPGe detector, especially the application on the dark matter search experiment and double beta decay experiment. The research progress on the Highpurity germanium single crystal and HPGe detector in China has been introduced. The cooperation partner developed new type zone-refining furnace and single crystal furnace. The ultra-purity germanium single crystal with 20~50 cm, purity up to 12N(net impurity concentration is less than 41011 atoms/cm3), and dislocation less than 5 000 /cm3 was prepared. The key technologies for preparing planar and coaxial HPGe detector were mastered. The coaxial detector, which has been made of imported ultra-purity germanium single crystal has excellent energy resolution and efficiency as the imported commercial detector. The planar detector using selfmade germanium single crystal was also successfully manufactured. The research group appeals for speeding up the pace of independent innovation on the high-purity germanium, and achieving the high-purity germanium localization as soon as possible.