Radiative electronic transitions in ZnTe∶Al,Ga, in crystals

We report the results of studies on the concentration dependence of the cathodoluminescence of ZnTe:Al, Ga, In crystals in the temperature range 4.2–300 K. A band with maximum at 2.2 eV and half-width of the order of 70 MeV and a band with maximum at 2.36 eV and half-width 1 MeV appear in ZnTe:Al crystals at 4.2 K. In the temperature range 40–70 K we detected the structure of the first band such that the separation of the maxima of the resolved bands corresponded to the energy of an LO phonon. A band with maximum at 1.8 eV was found to appear in ZnTe:Ga crystals at 4.2 K and a band with maximum at 1.9 eV appeared in ZnTe:In crystals at that temperature. The donor activation energies were determined to be 0.11, 0.30, and 0.25 eV, respectively, for aluminum, gallium, and indium.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 10, pp. 82–86, October, 1987.     

Cartan’s Spiral Staircase in Physics and, in Particular, in the Gauge Theory of Dislocations

In 1922, Cartan introduced in differential geometry, besides the Riemannian curvature, the new concept of torsion. He visualized a homogeneous and isotropic distribution of torsion in three dimensions (3d) by the “helical staircase”, which he constructed by starting from a 3d Euclidean space and by defining a new connection via helical motions. We describe this geometric procedure in detail and define the corresponding connection and the torsion. The interdisciplinary nature of this subject is already evident from Cartan’s discussion, since he argued—but never proved—that the helical staircase should correspond to a continuum with constant pressure and constant internal torque. We discuss where in physics the helical staircase is realized: (i) In the continuum mechanics of Cosserat media, (ii) in (fairly speculative) 3d theories of gravity, namely (a) in 3d Einstein-Cartan gravity—this is Cartan’s case of constant pressure and constant intrinsic torque—and (b) in 3d Poincaré gauge theory with the Mielke-Baekler Lagrangian, and, eventually, (iii) in the gauge field theory of dislocations of Lazar et al., as we prove for the first time by arranging a suitable distribution of screw dislocations. Our main emphasis is on the discussion of dislocation field theory.     

Resonance structure in the γγ invariant mass spectrum in pC, dC, and dCu interactions

Along with ?? ⁰ and ?? mesons, a resonance structure in the invariant mass spectrum of two photons atM _??? = 360 ± 7 ± 9 MeV is observed in dC interactions at momentum 2.75 GeV/c per nucleon. This resonance structure is not observed in pC collisions at the beam momentum 5.5 GeV/c. The result obtained in the reaction dC is confirmed by the second experiment carried out on the deuteron beam at momentum 3.83 GeV/c per nucleon with a copper target. Some other checks of the observed effect are presented.     

Instantaneous information propagation in free flow, synchronized flow, stop-and-go waves in a cellular automaton model

Recently, a number of efforts are underway to investigate inter-vehicle communications （IVC）. This paper studies the instantaneous information propagation behaviours based on IVC in three different tragic situations （free flow, synchronized flow and stop-and-go waves） in a cellular automaton model. It is shown that different behaviours appear in stop-and-go waves from those in free flow and synchronized flow. While the distribution of Multi-hop Communication Distance （MhCD） is either exponential or uniform in free flow and synchronized flow, the distribution of MhCD is either exponential or with a single peak in stop-and-go waves.     

Superconductivity,Pair Density Wave,and Neel Order in Cuprates

We investigate in underdoped cuprates possible coexistence of the superconducting order at zero momentum and pair density wave(PDW)at momentum Q=(Л,Л)in the presence of a Neel order.By symmetry,the d-wave uniform singlet pairing dS0 can coexist with the d-wave triplet PDW dTq,and the p-wave singlet PDW pSq can coexist with the p-wave uniform triplet pT0.At half filling,we find that the novel pSq+pT0 state is energetically more favorable than the dS0+dTQ state.At finite doping,however,the dS0+dTq state is more favorable.In both types of states,the variational triplet parameters cITq and pT0 are of secondary significance.Our results point to a fully symmetric Z2 quantum spin liquid with spinon Fermi surface in proximity to the Neel order at zero doping,which may not be adiabatically connected to the d-wave singlet superconductivity at finite doping with intertwining d-wave triplet PDW fluctuations and spin moment fluctuations.The results are obtained by variational quantum Monte Carlo simulations.     

Free Energy,Stability, and Particle Source in Dynamical Holography

We study dynamical holographic systems and the relation between thermodynamical and dynamical stability of such systems, using the conserved currents in the bulk spacetime. In particular, in the probe limit a generalized free energy is defined with the property of monotonic decreasing in dynamic processes. It is then shown that the(absolute) thermodynamical stability implies the dynamical stability, while the linear dynamical stability implies the thermodynamical(meta-)stability. The holographic...     

Muon knight shift in platinum and in β-PdHx (x=0.70, 0.75, 0.86)

The ⁺ Knight shift in Platinum has been measured between 20 K and 785 K. It shows a strong temperature dependence and scales with the magnetic bulk susceptibility. A temperature independent contribution of +53±15 ppm and a d-electron induced hyperfine field per unpaired d-electron per atom of B _hfd ^a =–5.03 kG(±8.5%) are obtained. The ⁺ Knight shift in PdH_0.70, PdH_0.75 and PdH_0.86 shows no dependence on temperature between 20 K and RT and increases from K=–(8±3) ppm for x=0.70 to K =+(6.5±3) ppm K=+(6.5±3) ppm for x=0.86, in good agreement with proton Knight shift measurements.     

Verteilungskoeffizienten von Ag,In, Re,Au, Hg,Tl, Pb und Bi in Salpetersäure-Methanol-Gemischen

Der Anionenaustausch unter Verwendung von Salpetersäure-Methanol-Gemischen ist in den letzten Jahren von einer Anzahl von Autoren untersucht worden [1, 2, 3, 4]. In einer früheren Arbeit hatten wir bereits auf seine praktisehc Anwendbarkeit für die Trennung der SK hingewiescn [5]. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden von uns die Verteilungs-koeffizienten von Ag, In, Re, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb und Bi angegeben und Beispiele für mögliche Trennungen angeführt.     

Identification of e,μ,π by Neural Network in BES

Two diferent kinds of neural network methods,BP and LVQ,are applied to the identification of e,μ,πparticles in BES experiment,and better results are obtained.The μ data samples used for training and tests are from cosmic events,e and π are strictly selected from real experimental data by very tight cuts.Although their momentum spectrums are non-uniform,interseting enough is that selection efficiencies given by BP test results are quite uniform in the whole momentum range.The results from LVQ is litle worse.It shows that BP is more powerful in pattern recognition than LVQ at least in this study.     

Complex Hyperspherical Equations, Nodal-Partitioning, and First-Excited-State Theorems in ℝ n

Three problems related to the spherical quantum billiard in are considered. In the first, a compact form of the hyperspherical equations leads to their complex contracted representation. Employing these contracted equations, a proof is given of Courant's nodal-symmetry intersection theorem for diagonal eigenstates of spherical-like quantum billiards in . The second topic addresses the first-excited-state theorem for the spherical quantum billiard in . Wavefunctions for this system are given by the product form, ( )Z _q+()Y ⁽ⁿ⁾ , where is dimensionless displacement, is angular-momentum number, qis an integer function of dimension, Z() is either a spherical Bessel function (nodd) or a Bessel function of the first kind (neven) and represents (n– 1) independent angular components. Generalized spherical harmonics are written . It is found that the first excited state (i.e., the second eigenstate of the Laplacian) for the spherical quantum billiard in is n-fold degenerate and a first excited state for this quantum billiard exists which contains a nodal bisecting hypersurface of mirror symmetry. These findings establish the first-excited-state theorem for the spherical quantum billiard in . In a third study, an expression is derived for the dimension of the th irreducible representation (irrep) of the rotation group O(n) in by enumerating independent degenerate product eigenstates of the Laplacian.     

Ion Acceleration in Laser-Plasma Interaction： Shock, Sheath, and Scaling

Some notes and comments on ion acceleration in laser-plasma interaction is given, in particular for the implication of shock, sheath and sealing. A simple model is proposed for ion acceleration by the combination of shock and sheath. The obtained scaling relations between the maximum ion energy and laser parameters （power, pulse duration） as well plasma parameter （plasma density）for example α PL 7/12 Eion,max α TL1/3 and Eion,max α ne2/3,are compared to the previous works. Some deficiencies and implications of model and results are discussed.     

Fermionization,Convergent Perturbation Theory,and Correlations in the Yang–Mills Quantum Field Theory in Four Dimensions

We show that the Yang–Mills quantum field theory with momentum and spacetime cutoffs in four Euclidean dimensions is equivalent, term by term in an appropriately resummed perturbation theory, to a Fermionic theory with nonlocal interaction terms. When a further momentum cutoff is imposed, this Fermionic theory has a convergent perturbation expansion. To zeroth order in this perturbation expansion, the correlation function E(x,y) of generic components of pairs of connections is given by an explicit, finite-dimensional integral formula, which we conjecture will behave as