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1.
深海近距离声场频率-距离干涉结构反演海底声学参数   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
地声反演一般存在多解性的问题,不易有效分离沉积层声速与厚度,本文提出了一种当声源与接收水听器分别位于海面与海底附近时匹配声场干涉周期反演深海沉积层声速与厚度的方法。该声场周期结构由直达波与海底沉积层反射回波干涉形成,其干涉周期受沉积层声速和厚度影响,通过匹配实测与理论计算的声场干涉周期可有效反演沉积层声速和厚度。开展了深海实验验证,利用水听器接收到的近距离船舶噪声的声场干涉条纹,反演得到的实验海域海底沉积层声速与该海域海底表层采样平均值差小于20 m/s。数值仿真与实验结果表明该方法可以有效反演沉积层的声速与厚度。  相似文献   

2.
本文报导了用动态光弹法记录的沿两种玻璃形成的界面上超声脉冲的传播过程。实验中所用的固-固界面是由两种玻璃组成(玻璃I的声速较高,玻璃Ⅱ的声速较低)。实验记录了沿界面的两组波脉冲(一组传播较快,一组传播较慢)的形成及独立传播的过程。快波组包括快速层中的纵波脉冲及其产生的三种头波,慢波组包括慢速层中的纵波脉冲及其产生的二种头波。实验中出观的波组的种类和成员与已有的脉冲线源的理论解符合。  相似文献   

3.
利用海底反射信号进行地声参数反演的方法   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
杨坤德  马远良 《物理学报》2009,58(3):1798-1805
针对现有反演方法的缺点,提出了一种基于海底反射信号的地声参数高分辨反演方法.它利用短距离声源在不同深度上发射宽带线性调频信号,采用垂直阵进行接收,首先通过匹配滤波方法提取多径到达信息,然后利用海底反射损失曲线,反演海底表层的声速和密度,最后利用浅底层反射信号估计沉积层参数.由于海水中直达波受到内波的强烈影响,选择海底表面反射作为参考,用以可靠地计算浅底层反射的相对到达时间和幅度,从而估计出沉积层的厚度、速度和衰减系数.通过海上实验,验证了利用浅底层反射信号反演参数的有效性. 关键词: 海底参数 反演 浅底层反射信号  相似文献   

4.
声波在海底中的传播衰减规律是海洋声学中值得研究的课题。根据简正波理论推导了高声速海底表层声场垂直衰减系数的解析表达式,并给出了其理论上限。数值仿真与实验研究表明:对液态海底模型,海底表层声场垂直衰减系数与声波频率基本呈正比;对于特定频率,海水-海底声速比是影响垂直衰减系数的最主要因素,比值越小垂直衰减系数越大;对于斜率较大的楔形海底地形,且声源在深水区、接收点在浅水区的情形,垂直衰减系数会大大小于其理论上限。  相似文献   

5.
于明  刘全 《物理学报》2016,65(2):24702-024702
凝聚炸药爆轰在边界高声速材料约束下传播时,爆轰波会在约束材料界面上产生复杂的折射现象.本文针对凝聚炸药爆轰波在高声速材料界面上的折射现象展开理论和数值模拟分析.首先通过建立在爆轰ZND模型上的改进爆轰波极曲线理论给出爆轰波折射类型,然后发展一种求解爆轰反应流动方程的基于特征理论的二阶单元中心型Lagrange计算方法来数值模拟典型的爆轰波折射过程.从改进爆轰波极曲线理论和二阶Lagrange方法数值模拟给出的结果看出,凝聚炸药爆轰波在高声速材料界面上的折射类型有四种:反射冲击波的正规折射、带束缚前驱波的非正规折射、带双Mach反射的非正规折射、带λ波结构的非正规折射.  相似文献   

6.
黎雪刚  杨坤德  张同伟  邱海宾 《物理学报》2009,58(11):7741-7749
在浅海环境中,海底声学参数对水下声场的精确预报十分重要.现有的海底声学参数反演方法大多数是采用固定垂直阵进行的,其缺点是不能实施大面积、高分辨的走航式反演.在已提出的垂直阵海底反射损失反演方法的基础上,研究了基于三种线列阵阵形的海底反射损失提取方法及其特点,提出了基于拖曳倾斜线列阵与三个声源组合的走航式海底参数快速获取方法,并对该方法进行了误差分析.研究结果表明:覆盖同样的掠射角范围,垂直线列阵需与多个距离的声源组合,拖曳水平线列阵只需一个声源组合但需要采用较大的物理孔径,拖曳倾斜线列阵综合了垂直阵和水平 关键词: 水下声场预报 海底声学参数 海底反射损失 拖曳倾斜线列阵  相似文献   

7.
海底声学参数的获取对于海洋声学研究有着重要意义.通过推导分层吸收介质下的海底反射系数,理论分析了大掠射角条件下吸收系数对海底反射系数的影响.海底反射系数随频率振荡过程中,将其等于海水-沉积层界面反射系数模时所对应的频点定义为1/4振荡周期频率.在该频率下,沉积层吸收系数与基底地声参数的耦合程度小于其他频点.本文基于大掠射角下的海底反射特性,提出一种深海地声参数分步反演方法.首先,利用相关法提取得到海底反射系数的干涉周期,利用干涉周期反演了沉积层声速和厚度.声速的反演结果结合Hamilton经验公式反演密度.第二步,通过结合基底声速的穷举边界,给出沉积层吸收系数的假设值,利用1/4振荡周期频率下的海底反射系数对基底声速进行一维反演.最后利用半波层频率下的海底反射系数对沉积层吸收系数进行一维反演.大掠射角海底反射特性结合分步反演,实现了基底声速和沉积层吸收系数一定程度的解耦合.实验结果表明,在大掠射角测量条件下,该方法反演的地声参数可有效应用在一定范围内的传播损失预报.  相似文献   

8.
海底表层沉积物声速的环境因素影响特性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
应用声速通用模型开展理论分析,结合温度-压力可控实验测量分析,研究地声反演、海底原位声学测量和采样样品声学测量3种主要的海底表层沉积物声学特性测量方法中,存在的环境因素影响机制和特性。理论计算与实验测量研究具有一致性,揭示温度和静水压力对海底表层沉积物的压缩波声速的影响机制主要是通过影响孔隙海水的密度、黏度、体积弹性模量体现的。在海底4000 m以内的表层海底沉积物通常存在的海底温度和静水压力范围内,发现声速比不为常数,随着温度升高和静水压力增大而呈现出细微减小趋势,理论计算海底沉积物与底层海水声速比波动度在2%以内,实验测量声速比波动度在2.73%以内。基于声速比不为常数,提出修正声速比校正模型,为减小温度和静水压力影响因素误差,更准确地实现不同原位、实验室环境状态下的海底沉积物声速的分析和比较提供了改进方法。   相似文献   

9.
测量水中声速时,随着接收、发射换能器的间距增大,会出现接收声压的极大值先增后减的异常现象,且该异常增长的曲线特征与水位有关.本文通过多元高斯声束叠加的方法模拟了圆形换能器的发散声场,并利用虚声源模型,推导出接收声压与距离的解析关系式,相应的数值计算复现了水中声压幅值非单调变化的异常现象,并证实其主要来源是水中声场在水-空气界面和水-水槽壁处的反射,水面高度对异常模式的影响也被计算证实.  相似文献   

10.
利用传播损失反演海底单参数   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
屈科  胡长青  赵梅 《声学学报》2013,(4):472-476
根据地声反演复杂性随着待反演参数的个数减少不断降低的原理,提出一种利用传播损失反演海底单个参数的方法。通过对海底声阻抗的推导,利用声速、密度和衰减系数拟合出海底反射损失对掠射角的斜率F。基于简正波理论推导了用F描述声场的公式,并据此设计出对传播损失数据进行最小二乘法处理的反演方法。得益于将待反演参数减少至一个,该方法只需单个水听器,避免了复杂测量及多维寻优。对东海实验数据进行了实际反演,并介绍了利用反演结果F进行传播损失预报和海底性质估计的步骤。所获结果与多参数混合反演方法及实测真值进行比较,其一致性验证了方法的有效性。  相似文献   

11.
All nine elastic moduli of an orthotropic composite material, namely, polypropylene reinforced with glass fiber, are determined from the measured values of the bulk acoustic wave velocities along specific directions in the planes of symmetry of the material. These data are used to calculate the angular dependences of phase velocities, polarization vectors, and directions of ray velocities of bulk waves in the composite. It is demonstrated that the difference in the velocities of shear waves polarized along and across the glass fiber gives rise to an acoustic birefringence and can lead to an elliptical polarization of waves. The measurement of the phase velocities of shear waves as functions of the wave polarization is suggested as a method for the determination of the fiber orientation in a composite material.  相似文献   

12.
This paper presents a method for measuring the thickness and velocities of body waves and the density of an isotropic layer by a pulse scanning acoustic microscope. The method is based on recording the microscope signal as a function of the displacement magnitude of the focused ultrasonic transducer along its axis perpendicular to the sample surface and on the decomposition of the recorded 2D spatiotemporal signal into the spectrum of plane pulse waves. The velocities of the longitudinal and transverse waves and the layer’s thickness are calculated from the relative delays of the components of the spectrum of plane waves reflected from the surfaces of the layer and the density is computed by the amplitudes of these components. An experimental investigation of a test sample in the form of a glass plate carried out in the 50-MHz range shows that the error in measuring the thickness and velocities of body waves does not exceed 1% and the density measurement error does not exceed 10%.  相似文献   

13.
Chen W  Wu J 《Ultrasonics》2000,38(9):909-913
A new technique of reflectometry using longitudinal, shear and Rayleigh waves is presented. Reflection coefficient as a function of angle incidence of an ultrasound beam with a finite beamwidth was measured for water-aluminum, water-brass, and water-glass interfaces. The measured values have matched very favorably with the results of numerical calculations based on the angular spectrum of waves method. It has been shown that the speeds of longitudinal, shear and Rayleigh waves of a solid can be determined very accurately by measuring a spectacularly reflected signal versus angle of incidence.  相似文献   

14.
Nam T  Lee T  Kim C  Jhang KY  Kim N 《Ultrasonics》2012,52(6):778-783
The conventional acoustic nonlinear technique to evaluate the contact acoustic nonlinearity (CAN) at solid-solid contact interfaces (e.g., closed cracks), which uses the through-transmission of normally incident bulk waves, is limited in that access to both the inner and outer surfaces of structures for attaching pulsing and receiving transducers is difficult. The angle beam incidence and reflection technique, where both the pulsing and receiving transducers are located on the same side of the target, may allow the above problem to be overcome. However, in the angle incidence technique, mode-conversion at the contact interfaces as well as the normal and tangential interface stiffness should be taken into account. Based on the linear and nonlinear contact stiffness, we propose a theoretical model for the reflection of an ultrasonic wave angularly incident on contact interfaces. In addition, the magnitude of the CAN-induced second harmonic wave in the reflected ultrasonic wave is predicted. Experimental results obtained for the contact interfaces of A16061-T6 alloy specimens at various loading pressures showed good agreement with theoretical predictions. Such agreement proves the validity of the suggested oblique incidence model.  相似文献   

15.
固体间界面的物理模型和界面对声波的反射   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
王耀俊 《物理》2002,31(12):768-772
简要描述了模拟两固体间界面特性的弹簧模型,该模型最早是根据静力学方法提出的,后来用固体间界面薄层的声波反射方法加以改进,从界面弹簧模型可以方便地得到界面外近似边界条件,其中包含界面“弹簧”振子的劲度常数和质量,文章还给出了两相间固体中界面声反射系数的表达式,介绍了测量界面劲度常数的超声反射谱方法。最后讨论了仍关声波与界面相互作用研究领域中最近的一些研究进展。  相似文献   

16.
A. Melkumyan  Y.-W. Mai 《哲学杂志》2013,93(23):2965-2977
Interface waves, which can be guided by imperfectly bonded piezoelectric and piezomagnetic half-spaces, are studied. The cases of absorbent and permeable interfaces are discussed in detail. It is shown that imperfection of the interface bonding has significant impact on the existence of interface waves and on their velocities of propagation. Some interface waves present in the case of imperfect bonding vanish when the bonding becomes perfect. The waves that are guided by an imperfect interface are shown to be dispersive, although there is no explicit characteristic length in the structure model. The results obtained show that possible imperfections of interface bonding must be considered in the design and fabrication of piezoelectric/piezomagnetic composites.  相似文献   

17.
This article presents the use of a quantitative analysis technique to describe time-resolved acoustic spectroscopy (high frequency laser based ultrasound) measurements of atomic diffusion on nanometer length scales occurring at the interface between sputter-deposited tungsten and niobium films. The extent of diffusion at the tungsten-niobium interface is determined by comparing experimental, simulated, and theoretical transfer functions between acoustic arrivals. The experimental and simulated transfer functions use the spectral content of successive reflected acoustic waves and the theoretical transfer function is based on the transfer matrix of an equivalent stratified interface region. This combination of theoretical, simulated, and experimental analyses makes it possible to separate signals with distinct differences between the as-deposited interface and those interfaces diffused to an experimentally determined 0.8-nm and 1.4-nm extent. Comparison of predicted and measured diffusion depths for this diffusion couple indicates that bulk diffusivities are not appropriate for describing nanometer scale interface diffusion.  相似文献   

18.
反射声波成像测井的有限元模拟   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
应用有限元法对新兴的反射声波成像测井进行了数值模拟研究,计算了井旁附近存在不同倾角声阻抗不连续界面对声波的反射,使用的井内激励源为幅度加权相控线阵声波辐射器。从计算出的声全波波形上可以清楚地看到沿井壁传播的折射波和来自井旁界面的反射纵波。应用偏移叠加等数据处理技术对数值模拟波形进行了处理,从偏移剖面上反演出的反射界面的尺寸、位置和倾角等几何特性与数值模拟输入参数基本一致。  相似文献   

19.
非均匀尘埃等离子体中孤子的传播   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
运用约化摄动法研究了非均匀尘埃等离子体中孤子的传播情况. 在低阶近似下, 对于小的、但有限振幅的长波振动, 当分界面不连续变化时,孤子在不连续点的反射波与透射波均可由 KdV 方程来描述, 并给出了低阶近似情况下, 对于小的、但有限振幅的长波振动, 当入射波为单孤子时, 反射孤子与透射孤子的个数及其大小;当分界面是有限长度并连续变化时,对于小的、但有限振幅的长波振动, 尘埃声孤波由KdV型方程来描述,并由此给出了准孤子振幅、传播速度等参量在传播过程中的变化. 关键词: 尘埃等离子体 孤子 KdV方程 约化摄动法  相似文献   

20.
The electromechanical coupling coefficient of Rayleigh-type surface acoustic waves in semi-infinite piezoelectrics/non-piezoelectrics superlattices is investigated by the transfer matrix method. Research results show the high electromechanical coupling coefficient can be obtained in these systems. The optimization design of it is also discussed fully. It is significantly influenced by electrical boundary conditions on interfaces, thickness ratios of piezoelectric and non-piezoelectric layers, and material parameters (such as velocities of pure longitudinal and transversal bulk waves in non-piezoelectric layers). In order to obtain higher electromechanical coupling coefficient, shorted interfaces, non-piezoelectric materials with large velocities of longitudinal and transversal bulk waves, and proper thickness ratios should be chosen.  相似文献   

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