脉冲激光淀积Ba_（1－x）K_xBiO_3薄膜

我们用熔融法制备了Ｂａ１－ｘＫｘＢｉＯ３氧化物超导体，其超导转变温度２８．５Ｋ，零电阻温度２５．２Ｋ．以此为靶，用脉冲激光淀积技术，制备了Ｂａ１－ｘＫｘＢｉＯ３超导薄膜，Ｔｃ（ｏｎｓｅｔ）＝２４．５Ｋ，Ｔｃ（Ｒ＝０）＝２０．８Ｋ．     

异质外延生长钙钛矿结构氧化物薄膜

影响直接外延生长氧化物薄膜的因素有很多,最主要的是保证氧化物薄膜的正确成相和在单晶衬底上成核．直接外延生长时,衬底温度影响到薄膜的成相．衬底温度还影响薄膜的生长动力学,并因此影响薄膜的外延生长取向．由于薄膜是首先在衬底表面成核、成相并生长的,因此衬底材料晶格的影响是不容忽视的．衬底材料（或异质外延材料）与薄膜的相互作用是影响外延生长的最直接因素,而晶格常数失配会造成薄膜样品中存在应力并影响样品性质．利用脉冲激光淀积法,我们成功地外延生长了ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７超导薄膜、Ｓｒ０．５Ｂａ０．５ＴｉＯ３铁电介电薄膜、Ｌａ０．７Ｃａ０．３ＭｎＯ３铁磁巨磁电阻薄膜、Ｌａ０．５Ｓｒ０．５ＣｏＯ３导电薄膜等多种具有钙钛矿结构的氧化物功能薄膜．以这些钙钛矿结构氧化物薄膜的外延生长为例,本文讨论影响氧化物薄膜异质外延生长的因素     

高温超导薄膜(Y0.6Ho0.4)Ba2Cu3O7-δ/SAT/MgO的制备

用脉冲激光沉积法在先在ＭｇＯ衬底上制备一层Ｓｒ２（ＡｌＴａ）Ｏ６薄膜作为过渡层,再制备（Ｙ０．６Ｈｏ０．４）Ｂａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７－δ超导薄膜,新超导薄膜的零电阻温度Ｔｃ０为８９Ｋ,临界电流密度Ｊｃ为２．３＊１０＾６Ａ／ｃｍ＾２（７７Ｋ）,用Ｘ射线衍射仪及扫描电子显微镜分析了薄膜特性。     

激光沉积法制备（Y1—xHox）Ba2Cu3O7—δ薄膜

本文报道了用激光沉积法在（１００）ＬａＡｌＯ３衬底上制备（Ｙ１－ｘＨｏｘ）Ｂａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７－δ（ｘ＝０，０．２，０．４）超导薄膜．结果表明，新超导薄膜表面光滑，具有很强的ｃ轴织构，零电阻温度Ｔｃ０约９１Ｋ，最佳临界电流密度Ｊｃ为４．７×１０６Ａ／ｃｍ２（７７Ｋ）．     

磁控溅射制备Ta2O5／TiO2薄膜及其光学与电学性能的研究

用直流平面磁控溅射沉积薄膜的方法在Ｓｉ和玻璃基片上制备了Ｔａ２Ｏ５／ＴｉＯ２混合薄膜,薄膜的透射光谱研究结果表明,在ＴｉＯ２掺入浓度为０到１７％,薄膜的折射率从２．０８到２．２３。薄膜折射率与掺入ＴｉＯ２的浓度呈近线性关系。薄膜的ＭＯＳ电容器的Ｉ－Ｖ和Ｃ－Ｖ测量表明,经过退火处理能够提高Ｔａ２Ｏ５／ＴｉＯ２混合薄膜的介电常数。     

杂质银对氧化锌薄膜气敏光学特性的影响

用反应式射频磁控溅射方法制备了纯氧化锌（ＺｎＯ）薄膜和掺Ａｇ的ＺｎＯ气敏光学传感薄膜。测量了这些薄膜在ＮＯｘ气体中的透射光谱，然后由透射光谱获得了灵敏度的变化规律，发现掺Ａｇ后的ＺｎＯ薄膜对ＮＯｘ气体的灵敏度高于纯ＺｎＯ薄膜，用俄歇电子能谱（ＡＥＳ）测试了这些薄膜的组分，发现当掺Ａｇ量为５％时灵敏度最高，并结合朗缪尔（Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ）型吸附平衡关系式解释了这些现象，理论和实验结果能很好的相符。     

掺镁YFeO3固溶体的电导和气敏性能研究

用化学共沉淀法制备了复合氧化物ＹＦｅＯ３镁掺杂固溶体Ｙ１－ＭｇｘＦｅＯ３气敏半导体材料,并对其相组成、电导和气敏性能进行了研究。结果表明：Ｍｇ＾２＋在ＹＦｅＯ３的Ａ位固溶范围为０≤ｘ≤０．８;电导测量显示,该Ｐ型固溶材料电导突变较纯相ＹＦｅＯ３低１００℃以上;９００℃以下灼烧４ｈ所得的Ｙ０．９４Ｍｇ０．０６ＦｅＯ３粉料制作的元件在２５７℃时对乙醇灵敏度最高,对４．５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ乙醇的灵敏度高达４４     

离子束溅射沉积Ti-Ni薄膜及其电化学性能的研究

利用离子束溅射沉积的方法在不同基片温度条件下制备了不同成分的Ti-Ni贮氢薄膜，研究了其电化学贮氢性能。结果表明：用离子束溅射沉积制备的Ti-Ni薄膜的结构为非晶状，薄膜对基片的附着力较强，在冲放电循环50次后仍为非晶态；在基片温度为350℃时制备的薄膜的结构为晶态，在多次放电循环后呈现非晶化趋势；Ti-Ni薄膜具有较高的电化学活性，晶化薄膜比晶态薄膜的最大放电容量高，但晶化薄膜的循环稳定性差。     

磁铅石型复合氧化物CaNiyAl12-yO19-δ的制备和性能表征

制备了一系列磁铅石型复合氧化物ＣａＮｉｙＡｌ１２－ｙＯ１９－δ（ｙ＝０．３,０．６,０．９,１．０）,并用ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ、ＴＰＲ和ＴＧＡ技术对其结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明,该系列复合氧化物具有相同的晶体结构和相似的还原稳定性。当Ｎｉ调变量既０〈ｙ≤１,可以获得磁铅石型复合氧化物ＣａＮｉｙＡｌ１２－ｙＯ１９－δ晶相。在７８０℃二氧化碳重整甲烷制合成气反应过程中,还原态复合氧化物ＣａＮｉｙＡｌ１２     

双离子束溅射沉积薄膜的光学特性与激光损伤研究

对氧化物薄膜的双离子束溅射沉积作用了系统地实验研究。考察了离子束溅射工艺参数对薄膜光学特性的影响。制备了折射率接近于块材料的ＴｉＯ２和ＺｒＯ２薄膜，显著降低了ＴｉＯ２，ＺｒＯ２和ＳｉＯ２薄膜的光吸收损耗，ＴｉＯ２和ＺｒＯ２薄膜的抗激光损伤阈值得到显著提高。用双离束溅射沉积１．０６μｍ多层高反，是到了大于９９．５％的高反射率，经高温退火处理的双离子束溅射沉积高反膜的抗激光损伤阈值同热蒸发沉积的高反膜     

The Atomic Structure of Oxide/Oxide Interface

The physical and chemical properties of thin or ultrathin oxide film deposited on another oxide bulk or thin film usually differ strongly from the bulk. The properties of the heterostructures ultimately rely on the structure and the chemistry of the oxide/oxide interface. Data in the literature indicated that atomically abrupt interfaces between oxides show abnormal electronic and magnetic properties. This article reviews the interfacial structures of oxide/oxide interfaces in an atomic scale. The origins of the unique physical and chemical properties at the oxide/oxide interfaces are also discussed.     

Twin Boundaries in Zinc Oxide with Additions of Gallium Oxide

Twin boundaries (TBs) in ZnO sintered with small additions of Ga₂O₃ have been characterized with advanced methods of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TBs and accompanying inversion domain boundaries are on {011¯3} planes of ZnO. The Ga content of the TB corresponds to an effectively half occupied {011¯3} plane determined from compositional maps calculated from electron spectroscopic images using electron filtering TEM. The structure of the TBs were investigated by high-resolution TEM, and images of focus series were used to reconstruct the complex electron wave. Simulated electron waves based on structure models of the TB were quantitatively compared with the reconstructed wave to identify and to refine atom positions. The twins can be considered to be created by a mirror operation on a {011¯3} plane of ZnO, and two alternating closed-packed polyhedral clusters of oxygen ions can be identified as building units of the TB structure. Unit 1 is occupied with Zn²⁺ by simply continuing ZnO₄ tetrahedra of the same type from both crystals to the TB. Using arguments of local charge balance unit 2 can only be occupied with the trivalent Ga³⁺ ion. The Ga³⁺ position was refined with high precision (±5 pm), and the resulting polyhedron is a GaO₅ square pyramid. The pyramids form densely occupied columns parallel to the twin axis [21¯1¯0]. The analysis of the TB structure yields a fractional occupancy of the boundary plane by Ga of 0.5, which is in good agreement with the result of the chemical composition measurement with energy filtered TEM.     

含氧化合物的红外光谱特征

总结了含氧化合物的主要红外光谱特征,讨论了其红外特征与结构之间的规律,结果表明,所有含氧化合物,无论是有机物还是无机物,其红外活性都是很大的,表现为强宽的吸收峰,这为判定化合物是否含氧提供了有力的分析检测依据。     

Oxide reduced silicon nanowires

Core crystalline silicon nanowires with a heavily reduced amorphous shell have been successfully synthesised using palladium as a metal catalyst. We present two approaches to reduce the oxidation of the nanowires during the thermal annealing growth. The ratios of the amorphous shell to crystalline core of the nanowires produced, from the two methods, are compared and show a remarkable drop (hence thinner oxide) compared to wires fabricated using currently available techniques. In addition, a focused ion beam was utilised to contact the oxide-reduced nanowires for transport measurements, without first removing the thin oxide shell. The oxygen-reduced core-shell silicon nanowires showed a very low electrical resistivity (4 × 10⁻¹ Ω cm). Our novel approach presents a new alternative to the production of low cost, high yield, highly conducting silicon nanowires offering a wide range of opportunities for semiconductor based technology.     

Multifunctional Hybrids Based on 2D Fluorinated Graphene Oxide and Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Carbon‐based nanomaterials have garnered a lot of attention in the research of yesteryear. Here this study reports a composite based on fluorinated graphene oxide—a multifunctional subsidiary of graphene; and iron oxide nanoparticles as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Extensive structural and functional characterization is carried out to understand composite behavior toward biotoxicity and its performance as a contrast agent. The electron withdrawing fluorine group decreases the charge transfer to iron oxide increasing the magnetic saturation of the composite thus enhancing the contrast. The interaction of paramagnetic and superparamagnetic systems yields a superior contrast agent for MRI and fluorescent imaging.     

氧化石墨烯纳米剪裁方法

石墨烯纳米剪裁先进方法的研究对于基于石墨烯的电子和光学设备非常重要。本文利用模板法制作反蛋白石结构,并借助反蛋白石纳米网结构,利用光催化还原氧化石墨烯,对氧化石墨烯进行纳米剪裁,形成具有纳米尺度的石墨烯。对还原后的氧化石墨烯表面进行扫描电子显微镜表征和红外光谱表征,并研究剪裁后石墨烯的电学性质。实验表明,反应时间、胶粒大小都会对剪裁后氧化石墨烯的周期和颈宽有影响,进而影响还原后氧化石墨烯的电学性质。利用纳米网状结构对石墨烯进行纳米剪裁是一种可行的方法,通过控制模板尺寸和反应条件可以控制裁剪后的性质。     

Electron Transitions of Cadmium Oxide

The bands, densities of states, and spectrum of the permittivity ₂ of a CdO crystal have been calculated by the FP–LMTO method. The ₂, ₁, –Im ^–1, and Re ^–1 spectra for the CdO crystal in the range 1–30 eV have been obtained on the basis of the experimental spectrum of reflection. The spectra were decomposed into elementary components and their main parameters were calculated. The obtained spectrum of the transverse components was compared with the theoretical spectrum of ₂.     

氧化无烟煤的谱学研究

变质程度高、碳含量高的无烟煤是生产活性炭的主要煤种。无烟煤的结构特征在其材料方向开发利用中起着决定性作用,可以通过化学氧化的方法对煤的结构进行定向优化。以云南昭通地区天然高碳低灰无烟煤为原料,采用硝酸/硫酸酸浸氧化法制备了氧化无烟煤。使用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)对产物进行结构和谱学特征研究。结果表明,无烟煤具有介于石墨和无定形碳之间的类石墨微晶结构;相较于烟煤和褐煤,无烟煤微晶堆叠高度(Lc)、微晶直径(La)较大,结构有序度介于低变质煤和石墨之间。无烟煤的氧化经过两个主要过程,微晶片层边缘被氧化卷曲破坏引起片层平均直径La减小。新的C=O键在片层边缘生成,硫酸与硝酸进入片层边缘层间域。H_2SO_4和HNO_3作为插层剂进入无烟煤微晶碳中,层间距d(002)由原煤的0.351nm增长到了0.361nm。原有的微晶片层被剥离开,微晶片层的堆叠层数,由6下降到4.5,Raman光谱中ID1/IG相较于原煤增大(1.9→2.0),G峰的半峰宽(FWHM)升高(63→68),D2峰的强度提高(10.26→13.78)。大量新的—C—O—,C=O和—NO_2键生成,富氧程度参数大幅提高(0.11→0.42)。经过混酸处理的氧化无烟煤,芳香度fa提高,结构有序度降低,新增了大量反应活性点,在无烟煤基多孔炭材料开发等领域具有很大潜力。     

Effect of Oxide Content of Graphene Oxide Membrane on Remarkable Adsorption for Calcium Ions

Graphene oxide membranes(GOMs), as one of the most promising novel materials, have gained great interest in the field of adsorption. However, the oxygen content of graphene oxide is directly related to its adsorption properties, such as suspension stability, adsorption capacity, and reusability of GOMs. Here, a series of reduced GOMs with oxygen content from 28% to 12% were conveniently prepared by the thermally reduced and the corresponding interlayer spacing of these membranes changed from 8.0 ? to 3.7 ?. These prepared GOMs have remarkable Ca~(2+) adsorption capacity, which increases with the oxygen content or interlayer spacing of GOMs.Importantly, the max adsorption capacity of the mass ratio between adsorbed Ca~(2+)and pristine GOMs can reach up to 0.481 g/g, which is about one order of magnitude higher than the adsorption capacity of activated sludge,magnetic Fe_3 O_4, functionalized silica, zeolite molecular sieve, and other reported previously. Moreover, GOMs show excellent stability and the Ca~(2+) can be easily desorbed by water, so that the GOMs can be reused. Our previous theoretical analysis suggests that this remarkable adsorption is attributable to the strong interactions between Ca~(2+) and GO sheets, including the ion- interactions between Ca~(2+) and aromatic graphitic rings as well as the electrostatic interaction between Ca~(2+) and oxygen-containing groups.     

Explosive Reduction of Graphite Oxide

In this work, the composition of formed products and the dynamics of decomposition related to thermal explosion and at temperatures that are stepwise increased have been experimentally studied for graphite oxide. The gaseous products formed in the explosive and stepwise thermal reduction of graphite oxide within a range from 20 to 1000°C have been determined and quantitatively characterized. The presented data have shown that the oxygen-containing groups of graphite oxide are generally decomposed in three temperature regions of 170–250, 500–600, and 750–1000°C. It has been demonstrated that the atomic ratio C: O in the end product, from around 2 in the initial graphite oxide, grows to 8 after explosion. Temperature estimates for such explosions are given for the first time. It has been revealed and substantiated that the explosive reduction of graphite oxide completely confirms the self-ignition theory of N.N. Semenov.