吖啶橙与肝素钠相互作用的分光光度法研究

用分光光度法研究吖啶橙与肝素钠的结合反应,吖啶橙主要以静电作用的方式与肝素钠发生相互作用.在pH 2.0的Britton-Robinson(B-R)缓冲溶液中,吖啶橙在478和492 nm处有特征吸收峰,当加入肝素钠后,492 nm处的吸光度值强度降低且在453 nm处出现了一个新的吸收峰,说明两者之间发生了较强的相互作用形成了一种新的复合物,利用摩尔比法求解两者的结合比为1:3.在最佳条件下,吸光度值的降低与肝素钠的浓度在3.0～15.0 mg·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=1.599×105L·mol-1·cm-1,检测限(3σ)为0.236 mg·L-1.该方法简单、快速,应用于肝素钠注射液效价的测定,结果令人满意.     

双水相体系中食用色素与蛋白质作用光谱行为研究

在聚乙二醇-2000(PEG)-硫酸铵-食用色素双水相体系中,研究了PEG相中食用色素与蛋白质复合物光谱行为.实验了溶液酸度,盐浓度,PEG用量,反应时间,反应温度,共存物质等对体系测定的影响.结果表明,在pH 8的缓冲溶液条件下,樱桃红(BS)与人血清白蛋白(HAS)复合物的最大吸收在541 nm处,比单纯樱桃红红移13 nm,复合物表观摩尔吸光系数为9.4×104L·mol-1·cm-1,用摩尔比法求得最大结合数为40,蛋白质浓度在0～21.07 mg·L-1范围内具有线性关系.用加入不同类型表面活性剂方法,探讨了食用色素樱桃红与蛋白质之间的作用机理.     

ARS-Al(Ⅲ)与蛋白质作用的分光光度研究

在 p H4 .0的 Britton- Robinson缓冲溶液中 ,茜素红 S(ARS) - Al( )与牛血清白蛋白 (BSA)生成红色复合物 ,吸收峰波长λmax=5 1 5 nm,比金属离子络合物本身红移 80 nm。表观摩尔吸光系数ε=2 .0 4× 1 0 5L· mol-1 · cm-1 。吸光度值在 BSA的质量浓度 2 0— 1 80 mg· L-1 范围内呈线性关系。所拟定的方法有较好的灵敏度 ,可以用于实际生物样品中蛋白质含量的测定     

中性红分光光度法测定肝素钠的研究

在pH 3.0的Britton-Robinson(B-R)缓冲溶液中,中性红与肝素钠相互作用形成复合物而导致溶液吸收光谱发生变化,用分光光度法对光谱变化进行了研究.中性红溶液在523 nm处有一个强的特征吸收峰,当在其溶液中加入肝素钠后,溶液发生褪色现象,吸收峰强度降低,且没有新的吸收峰出现,吸光度差值(△A)与肝素钠的浓度成正比.对结合反应的条件进行了优化,在最佳条件下利用溶液吸光度值的降低与肝素钠浓度的关系建立了一种测定肝素钠浓度的新方法,测定的线性范围为0.10～15.0 mg·L-1,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=2.037×106L·mol-1·cm-1,检测限(3σ)为0.073 mg·L-1.将该方法应用于肝素钠注射液效价的测定,结果令人满意.用摩尔比法对复合物的结合比进行了推算,两者形成1:3的复合物.     

溴酚蓝测定血清白蛋白质的研究

用酸性染料为探针对蛋白质的定量已应用于临床医学及生命科学的研究中,本文利用分光光度法研究溴酚蓝(BPB)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、人血清白蛋白(HSA)的反应。在pH=2.79的Britton-Robinson缓冲溶液中,血清白蛋白与溴酚蓝通过分子间力形成蓝色复合物使吸光度增加。λ=605 nm时,εBSA=5.20×10~5L·(mol·cm)-1,εHSA=5.12×10~5L·(mol·cm)-1;BSA在0-78.0 mg·L-1,HSA在0-81.6 mg·L-1范围内服从比尔定律。检出限分别为BSA:2.93 mg·L-1,HSA:3.12 mg·L-1。对7个人血清蛋白总量平行6次测定,相对标准偏差1.2％-3.1％,回收率91.9％-105.6％。     

血红蛋白与铜(Ⅱ)-茜素红S络合物相互作用的研究

采用UV-Vis光谱法,研究在pH 4.2的H3PO4-KH2PO4缓冲溶液中血红蛋白(Hb)与铜(Ⅱ)-茜素红S(ARS)络合物的反应.结果表明:Hb与Cu(Ⅱ)-ARS络合物相互作用形成红色的离子缔合复合物,该复合物的最大吸收波长为537 nm.在此波长下测得复合物的组成为nHb∶nCu(Ⅱ)∶nARS=1∶4∶8,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.52×105L·mol-1·cm-1,Hb浓度在1.0×10-7～2.0×10-6mol·L-1范围内与吸光度呈线性关系,回归方程为A=0.026 9 151 675c(mol·L-1),相关系数r=0.997 2.考察了溶液酸度、试剂用量、反应时间与温度、离子强度、表面活性剂等因素对Hb-Cu(Ⅱ)-ARS复合物形成的影响,并对反应机理做了初步探讨,发现Hb与Cu(Ⅱ)-ARS络合物之间主要以静电引力相结合.进一步考察了常见氨基酸及金属离子对Hb-Cu(Ⅱ)-ARS复合物形成的影响.     

三波长叠加分光光度法测定微量钯的研究

报道以2(3,5二氯2吡啶偶氮)5二甲氨基苯胺(简称为3,5diClPADMA)为显色剂,应用三波长叠加分光光度法测定微量钯的新方法。在002～16mol·L-1的H2SO4介质中,钯与试剂形成稳定的1∶1绿蓝色配合物,其在621和574nm有两个强弱不等的正吸收峰,在434nm处有一负吸收峰。3个峰的吸光度绝对值之和与钯浓度线性相关,钯浓度在0～12mg·L-1范围内符合比尔定律,表观摩尔吸光系数高达203×105L·mol-1·cm-1,比单波长法提高1倍。大量的有色金属及其它贵金属离子不干扰测定。所拟方法操作简便,灵敏度高,选择性好,用于钯精矿、合金及含钯分子筛中微量钯的直接测定,结果满意。     

1-（4-硝基苯基）-3-（4,6-二甲基-2-嘧啶）-三氮烯的合成及其与锌（Ⅱ）的显色反应

合成了一种新显色剂1-(4-硝基苯基)-3-(4,6-二甲基-2-嘧啶)-三氮烯(简称NPDMPMT),并研究了在非离子型表面活性剂Triton X-100存在下,于pH为11.0的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中与锌(Ⅱ)的显色反应.结果表明.Zn与试剂NPDMPMT形成1:2的橙黄色配合物,在456nm处有一最大正吸收,在530nm处有一最大负吸收,建立以530nm为参比波长,456nm为测量波长的双峰双波长测定法,其表观摩尔吸光系数为3.16×105L·mol-1·cm-1,锌(Ⅱ)浓度在0-8.0μg/25mL范围内符合比耳定律.方法用于人发中微量锌的测定,结果令人满意.     

吸光度比值-导数光谱法同时测定铜(Ⅱ)和铬(Ⅲ)的研究

提出了运用吸光度比值-导数光谱法同时测定Cr(Ⅲ)与Cu(Ⅱ)含量的新方法.在pH 5.7的HAc-NaAc的缓冲溶液中,Cr3 ,Cu2 与铬天青S(CAS)和溴化十六烷基三甲胺(CTMAB)可分别形成蓝色三元络合物.其摩尔吸光系数分别为2.52×105L·mol-1·cm-1和1.01×105L·mol-1·cm-1.Cu2 和Cr3 的浓度分别在0.08～1.2 μg·mL-1和0.05～0.52 μg·mL-1范围内符合比尔定律,其检测限分别为0.014和0.013μg·mL-1.此方法应用于环境水中Cr(Ⅲ),Cu(Ⅱ)的同时测定,取得了满意的结果.     

3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯胺紫外分光光度法测定水中NO2-

基于pH=3.6的HAc-NaAc介质中,3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)与NO-2定量反应生成的TMB-TMB亚胺电荷迁移络合物在370nm处具有最大吸收峰,建立了一种紫外分光光度测定NO-2的新方法.方法线性范围为0-1.2mg/L,表观摩尔吸光系数为4.69×104L·mol-1·cm-1,该法应用于电镀废液和水样中NO-2的测定,结果令人满意.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.