Design and VNA-measurement of coplanar waveguide (CPW) on benzocyclobutene (BCB) at THz frequencies

The low permittivity and the low loss tangent of the benzocyclobutene polymer (BCB) offers to coplanar waveguides (CPW) a low dispersive propagation properties at THz frequency. These transmission lines have been designed, modeled with a three dimensional (3D) solver of Maxwell equations based on finite element method (FEM) from 20 to 1000 GHz at various characteristic impedances (Z_c). Their dispersion and losses (radiation, conduction and dielectric) have been investigated separately versus the waveguide size, the nature of the substrate (dielectric or semiconductor) to optimize the THz signal propagation. Monomode CPW on BCB numerically designed for various Z_c were realized and measured with vector network analyzer (VNA). S-parameters of CPW are de-embedded by optimization of the accesses’ model. A good agreement is found between experimental and numerical results with low attenuation constants of 2.7 dB/mm and 3.5 dB/mm at 400 GHz and 500 GHz, respectively.     

CoFeB/MgO不连续多层纳米软磁薄膜微波电磁特性

采用直流/射频磁控溅射方法和不连续多层交替沉积工艺,制备了CoFeB/MgO系列纳米不连续多层薄膜,研究了微波频段下的电磁性能.结果表明,通过调整CoFeB合金相和MgO介质相的相对含量可有效调控薄膜的微结构和电磁性能,且在［Co₆₄Fe₂₄B₁₂(0.7nm)/MgO(0.4nm)］₄₀薄膜中获得了优良的微波软磁性能和高电阻率,其饱和磁化强度1.3 T,难轴矫顽力130 A/m,电阻率3.4mΩ·cm,且共振频率高达2.1 GHz,磁导率实部μ′和虚部μ″在1.59 GHz处均高于240,并且在0.9—2 GHz宽频带范围同时大于100.该薄膜可用于微波吸收材料和电磁兼容的设计中. 关键词： 纳米磁性颗粒膜 磁导率频谱 电磁性能 吸波材料     

Coplanar Phase Shifters Based on Ferroelectric Thin Films

Barium strontium titanate (Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃, short for BST) thin films were prepared by RF-magnetron sputtering. The dielectric tunability, loss tangent, remanent polarization (2Pr) and coercive electric field (Ec) of the BST films are respectively 29.5%, 0.013, 2.29 μC/cm² and 22.27 kV/cm at 1 kHz and 20 V. The designed coplanar waveguide (CPW) phase shifter consists of 56 same sections. It is shown that the fabricated lines of electrodes are smooth and the widths at the tip of bottom electrodes are about 5 μm. At the central frequency of 28 GHz and a bias voltage of 20 V, the figure of merit is approximately 13°/dB.     

Reverse engineering from spectrophotometric measurements: performances and efficiency of different optimization algorithms

A large number of parameters is often required to describe optical dispersion laws, and it is only through the use of an appropriate global optimization procedure that an accurate thin-film index determination can be achieved. In this paper, we propose to investigate the respective performances of three different optimization algorithms, namely Simulated Annealing, Genetic Algorithm and Clustering Global Optimization and compare results with a commercial software dedicated to thin-film index determination. This study is restricted to the single-layer thin-film index determination of transparent and absorbing materials. It includes the theoretical study of simulated reflection and transmission spectra, and the experimental characterization of Ta₂O₅ and Si layers.     

“Quad-band flexible magnesium zinc ferrite (MgZnFe2O4)-based double negative metamaterial for microwave applications”

This article presents vertically coupled, rectangular complementary split-ring resonator-shaped quad-band double-negative (DNG) metamaterial unit cells, that is, having both negative permittivity and permeability, which redirect negative refractive and also are not found in nature. The metamaterial is fabricated on magnesium zinc ferrite-based flexible microwave substrates, and the flexible substrates are chosen with two different concentrations of magnesium (Mg) denoted by Mg₃₀ and Mg₅₀ for 30% and 50% of Mg, which possess dielectric constants of 4.32 and 3.15 and loss tangents of 0.003 and 0.005, respectively. The proposed metamaterials are demonstrated by utilizing the CST microwave simulator, and their effective parameters are extracted according to the Nicolson-Ross-Wire method. With Mg_30, the prepared, flexible metamaterial shows measured resonances at 3.70 GHz, 7 GHz, 8.60 GHz, and 9.78 GHz, whereas with Mg₅₀ it shows the measured resonances at 4.10 GHz, 7.70 GHz, 9.33 GHz, and 10.62 GHz. Very good effective medium ratios (EMR) along with DNG properties are obtained, namely 6.5 and 5.85 for Mg₃₀ and Mg_50, respectively, with a physical dimension of 12.5 × 9.5 mm² for both of the unit cells_. Also, the electric field, magnetic field, and surface current distribution at different resonances and the polarization insensitivity at different polarization angles were observed. Thus, the designed new flexible substrate microwave materials based on DNG metamaterials are potential candidates for S-, C- and X-band applications, as well as for flexible microwave technologies.     

晶圆键合和激光剥离工艺对GaN基垂直结构发光二极管芯片残余应力的影响

GaN基发光二极管(LED)中的残余应力状态对器件的性能和稳定性有很大影响. 通过使用三种不同的键合衬底(Al₂O₃衬底, CuW衬底和Si衬底)以及改变键合温度(290 ℃, 320 ℃, 350 ℃和380 ℃), 并且使用不同的激光能量密度(875, 945和1015 mJ·cm^-2) 进行激光剥离, 制备了不同应力状态的GaN基LED器件. 对不同条件下GaN LED进行弯曲度、Raman 散射谱测试. 实验结果表明, 垂直结构LED中的残余应力的状态是键合衬底和键合金属共同作用的结果, 而键合温度影响着垂直结构LED中的残余应力的大小. 激光剥离过程中, 一定能量密度下激光剥离工艺一般不会对芯片中的残余应力造成影响, 但是如果该工艺对GaN 层造成了微裂缝, 则会在一定程度上起到释放残余应力的作用. 使用Si衬底键合后, 外延蓝宝石衬底翘曲变大, 对应制备的GaN基垂直结构 LED中的残余应力为张应力, 并且随着键合温度的上升而变大; 而Al₂O₃和CuW衬底制备的LED中的残余应力为压应力, 但使用Al₂O₃衬底键合制备的LED中压应力随键合温度上升而一定程度变大, CuW 衬底制备的LED中压应力随键合温度上升而下降.     

Polarization-independent guided-mode resonance filter with cross-integrated waveguide resonators

A cavity-resonator-integrated guided-mode resonance filter (CRIGF) has been proposed and investigated in order to realize high-efficiency narrowband reflection with a small aperture. The CRIGF consists of a grating coupler integrated in a cavity resonator constructed by a pair of distributed Bragg reflectors on a thin-film waveguide. This time, orthogonally crossed integration of two CRIGFs was demonstrated in order to obtain polarization-independent reflection spectrum. An SiO₂-based device with 10?μm aperture was designed and fabricated for around 850?nm wavelength operation, and narrowband polarization-independent reflection was confirmed experimentally.     

γ-MnO2/polyaniline composites: Preparation, characterization, and applications in microwave absorption

MnO₂/doped polyaniline (PANI) is prepared by an in situ polymerization method using γ-MnO₂ as the addition agent and hydrochloric acid as the doping agent. Products are characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis, XRD, and TEM. Conductivity, electromagnetic properties, and microwave absorption properties are first discussed on the basis of structural characterization. The as-prepared products of MnO₂/PANI are partially crystalline in nature and spherical in pattern with grain sizes of 50-70 nm. MnO₂ particles are successfully decorated with doped PANI. MnO₂/PANI displays moderate electric conduction, excellent dielectric losses, and microwave absorption capabilities. Compared to pure MnO₂, the dielectric and reflection loss properties of MnO₂/PANI composites exhibit significant improvements, with an effective absorption band at 5 GHz under −10 dB and maximum reflection loss of −21 dB at 13.56 GHz. Pure MnO₂ shows an effective absorption band of 3 GHz under −10 dB and a maximum reflection loss of −14.20 dB at 11.5 GHz. Thus, MnO₂/PANI composites are found to be a promising microwave absorption material.     

A vector measurement scheme for testing quasi-optical components

A quasi-optical vector network analyzer has been developed and used to conduct a study of the complex reflection coefficients of planar structures. Good agreement has been obtained between theory and experiment for both amplitude and phase measurements at millimeter/microwave frequencies. A narrow band filter consisting of an array of annular slots in a metallic screen with a transmission peak at 35 GHz has been fabricated and tested over the range 26.5–40 GHz.     

高速光学模数转换器的分析

详细分析了由x切LiNbO3干涉式共面波导行波调制器阵列构成的模数(A/D)转换器，包括其研究进展。采用保角变换方法分析了梯形共面波导电极参数(包括电极厚度、缓冲层厚度与中心电极和接地电极的边沿倾角β1，βg)与转换器的带宽、损耗、特征阻抗和驱动功率的关系。β1=βg=10°，电极厚度为3μm时，4位A/D转换器的工作带宽为7.3GHz，所需驱动功率为6.7W。数值仿真结果表明，采用梯形共面波导调制器阵列设计分辨率适中的高速A/D转换器是可行的。