TlBaCaCuO超导体的低场磁性质

TlBaCaCuO超导体的磁化曲线在低场下即有磁滞迴线,表示样品中有磁通容易通过并消耗能量的弱区.初始磁化曲线上有两段直线,认为这是样品整体屏蔽磁场和样品中颗粒排斥磁场引起的.初始磁化曲线在10G 以下的外场开始偏离直线说明弱区阻滞磁通运动的能力非常低,这是颗粒氧化物超导体的特点.由颗粒排斥磁通能力的消失定出块样品的下临界场在78K 时为270G.     

烧结Nd25.5Dy6.5Co13FebalM1.05B0.98磁体温度稳定性和力学性能研究

本文采用速凝甩带-氢破-气流磨-取向成型-烧结回火等工序,同时添加Dy和Co元素,制备了烧结Nd_25.5Dy_6.5Co₁₃Fe_balM_1.05B_0.98磁体(Co13磁体),室温下磁能积(BH)_max=30.88 MGOe,矫顽力H_cj=19.01 kOe.与Nd₃₀Dy_1.5Co_0.5Fe_balM_1.05B_0.98(35SH)磁体相比, Co13磁体的室温磁性能略低,但温度稳定性显著提升,剩磁温度系数α从–0.136%/℃提升至–0.065%/℃(室温—180℃);居里温度T_C从310℃升高至约454℃;最高使用温度T_W从165℃提升到约200℃.力学性能测试和断口分析表明, Co13磁体中由于Co含量较高,主相晶粒发生解理断裂的比例提高...     

用于EAST上低杂波平行波数测量的磁探针设计与测试

针对EAST上2.45GHz低杂波,完成了低杂波平行波数测量磁探针的设计、仿真与测试。利用有限元仿真软件COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2对磁探针尺寸进行仿真优化,确定了单匝环、矩形缝以及陶瓷片厚度等影响磁探针耦合性能的关键尺寸。测试结果表明,该磁探针对2.45GHz低杂波有良好的耦合性能和鉴别波极化的能力,与仿真结果一致。研究结果为EAST装置上低杂波平行波数测量诊断系统的建立提供重要的参考依据,从而为进一步开展高密度低杂波电流驱动实验研究提供必要的实验数据。     

一种无磁低振微型同轴脉冲管制冷机

脉冲管制冷机与超导量子干涉仪耦合进行微弱磁场测量是脉冲管制冷机的一个主要应用方向。本文系统分析了脉冲管制冷机的主要干扰源并给出其相应的解决办法,并据此设计制造了一台无磁低振微型同轴脉冲管制冷机。以实现同轴脉冲管制冷机的低振动、低电磁干扰化,并最终实现利用脉冲管制冷机有效冷却包括高温超导量子干涉仪在内的对电磁干扰要求极严格的高温超导器件。     

Fe-Ga磁致伸缩材料的磁学特性研究

通过电阻应变片法得到其磁致伸缩系数随磁感应强度的变化关系.由磁滞回线以及磁导率随磁场变化关系可以得到该Fe-Ga磁致伸缩材料为软磁材料,几乎没有剩磁、矫顽力.     

FeSe超导材料相变机理研究

本文采用固相烧结法制备FeSe超导材料,通过对Fe-Se相图进行分析并结合DSC测量的数据,系统的阐述了四方相%-FeSe的形成过程;考察了烧结温度、冷却方式及初始块体密度对Fe-Se体系相转变过程的影响.实验结果表明:随着温度的升高,Fe-Se混合粉末中Se首先熔化生成-FeSe和Se的固溶体,并且由于Se浓度梯度的存在,Se与Fe在升温过程中持续反应,生成%-FeSe;而在冷却过程中,由于固溶体中Se的溶解度下降,Se逐渐向%-FeSe中扩散,-FeSe中的Fe含量增加达到某一临界值,初始生成的-FeSe逐渐转化成%-FeSe,最终得到超导相%-FeSe含量较高的样品.通过对不同温度烧结粉末的XRD谱线进行分析发现,%-FeSe初始形成的温度区间为350~400℃.缓冷方式比冰水淬火方式更有利于提高四方相的含量.在一定范围内,初始块体的密度越大,Se的扩散路径越短,烧结后得到的四方相含量较高.本文的研究为后续获得高超导相含量的FeSe基线带材的研究奠定了理论基础.     

覆盖X和Ku波段的低雷达散射截面人工磁导体反射屏

设计并制备了一种基于人工磁导体(artificial magnetic conductor, AMC)的覆盖X和Ku波段的宽带低雷达散射截面(radar cross section, RCS)反射屏. 将双频带耶路撒冷十字形AMC结构和宽带双金属方形AMC结构复合, 通过参数优化, 使耶路撒冷十字形结构的反射相位反转频点与方形结构的反射相位零值频点重合或者非常接近, 进一步扩宽有效相位差区域, 从而拓展RCS减缩带宽. 给出了反射能量峰值方位的一般理论计算公式, 当入射角度、棋盘单元尺寸和观察频率确定后, 可通过公式计算出反射峰的方位. HFSS软件仿真结果与理论计算结果符合较好, 验证了理论公式的正确性. 同时与等尺寸金属平板相比, 在7.4–17.0 GHz 频带内, 除9.8 GHz附近的少数频点外, 天线后向RCS均有-10 dB以上的减缩, 基本覆盖X波段和Ku波段, 相对带宽为78.7%, 在11.6 GHz时, 减缩量最大, 达到40.3 dB. 加工了反射屏实物并进行测试, 测试结果与仿真结果基本一致, 证实了反射屏具有宽带的低RCS特性.     

一种新型低电感磁绝缘传输线的冷腔特性

研究了一种新型低电感花瓣形磁绝缘传输线的冷腔特性。该传输线构型的横向剖面的真空部分由12个类似花瓣形状的周期组成,而每个周期又由平行板和同轴圆弧两种基本传输线构型组成。该构型的整体轮廓有效增加了电极面积,使得传输线的电感大大降低,从而实现使用单层磁绝缘传输线即可获得较低的阻抗,规避了多层汇流结构带来的复杂的PHC结构和磁零位区损失问题。首先,分别计算出两种基本构型单元的电磁场分布、电感、电容和阻抗;而后,再整体计算分析出花瓣形磁绝缘传输线的电磁特性参数;同时,还通过数值模拟来分析该传输线的冷腔特性,获得了该传输线的阻抗值及电磁场分布,并将数值模拟结果与理论计算值进行了对比分析,结果验证了理论计算方法的正确性。     

用于光纤通信的Bi∶DyIG磁光晶体材料研究

光纤无源开关器件是近期光通信领域研究的热点。本文就应用于光纤开关的一种新型晶体材料进行理论分析和实验研究 ,确定该材料可应用于 0 .5～ 1.5 μm频域内各种光纤开关器件 ,其驱动脉冲电流低于 4 A,脉冲宽度在5μs左右。     

用于光纤通信的Bi∶DyIG磁光晶体材料研究

光纤无源开关器件是近期光通信领域研究的热点.本文就应用于光纤开关的一种新型晶体材料进行理论分析和实验研究,确定该材料可应用于0.5～1.5 μm频域内各种光纤开关器件,其驱动脉冲电流低于4 A,脉冲宽度在5 μs左右.     

Electrodeposition of amorphous Ni-P coatings onto Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet substrates

Decorative and protective Ni-P amorphous coatings were electroplated onto NdFeB permanent magnet from an ortho-phosphorous acid contained bath. The influences of the main electroplating technological parameters including current density, bath pH, bath temperature and H₃PO₃ on the structure and chemical composition of Ni-P coatings were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques in conjunction with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning transmission electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDX). The optimized amorphous Ni-P coated NdFeB can stand for ca. 180 h against neutral 3.0 wt.% NaCl salt spray without any pitting corrosion. Meanwhile, the results also showed that large phosphorous content is the precondition for Ni-P coatings to possess the amorphous structure, but too much high phosphorous content can damage the amorphous structure due to the separation of superfluous P from Ni₂P/Ni₃P and the resultant formation of multi-phase coatings (such as Ni₂P-P).     

Coercivity enhancement of HDDR-processed Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet with the rapid hot-press consolidation process

High coercivity, fully dense anisotropic permanent magnets of submicron grain sizes were produced by rapid hot-press consolidation of hydrogenation-disproportionation-desorption-recombination (HDDR) processed Nd-Fe-Co-B powders. In the hot-press process, the coercivity of the consolidated material showed a sharp minimum prior to full densification. Thereafter, it reached a value 25% higher than that of the initial powder. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations revealed that the variation in H_cJ was caused by a redistribution of Nd along the grain boundaries during hot pressing and that the high coercivity was attributable to the formation of thin, continuous Nd-rich phase along the grain boundaries.     

Magnetic microstructures of a high coercivity Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet in remanent and incomplete thermal demagnetization states

Magnetic microstructures of a high coercivity Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet in remanent and incomplete thermal demagnetization states have been revealed by using magnetic force microscopy (MFM) with high coercivity tips. MFM results indicate that specimens in a remanent state are single domain and their magnetizations align with the direction of the magnetizing field. The evolution of the magnetic domains with annealing temperatures shows that the thermal demagnetization process consists of four stages. Nd-Fe-B should be heat-treated at about 120-170 °C to make its magnetic state stable before practical applications.     

ICP-AES法测定钕铁硼永磁材料中常量元素

研究了等离子发射光谱法 (ICP AES)直接测定钕铁硼永磁材料中常量元素Nd ,Fe,B的方法。选择了合适的分析线 ,采用基体匹配法消除样品中基体元素的干扰。详细讨论了ICP AES法测定硼的“记忆效应”及其消除方法。以多点 (3个点 )标准曲线法减小测定的误差。本方法已应用于钕铁硼产品的快速检验 ,样品中Nd ,Fe,B含量测定的相对标准偏差分别为 0 6 2 % ,0 5 6 % ,0 90 %     

Effect of post-sintering annealing on microstructure and coercivity of Al85Cu15-added Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets

Effects of post-sintering annealing on the microstructure and coercivity have been investigated for the Al₈₅Cu₁₅-added (Pr, Nd)_14.8Fe_78.7B_6.5 sintered magnets. It is found that the optimum annealing temperature at which the coercivity _iH_c reaches a maximum decreases from 550 °C for the magnets added with 0.3% and 0.6% Al₈₅Cu₁₅ to 480 °C for the magnets added with 0.9% and 1.2% Al₈₅Cu₁₅. The decrease in optimum annealing temperature is related to the precipitation of Al-Cu or (Pr, Nd)−Cu liquid phase among (Pr, Nd)-rich phases during annealing. Existence of Al-Cu or (Pr, Nd)−Cu liquid phase is beneficial to dissolve the irregularities of (Pr, Nd)₂Fe₁₄B grain interface and increase the quantities of (Pr, Nd)-rich phases at the grain boundary, thus optimizing the grain boundary microstructure. The modifications of the microstructure are helpful to decouple the exchange interaction between (Pr, Nd)₂Fe₁₄B hard magnetic grains, thereby increasing the coercivity.     

Effect of adding non-ferromagnetic nanoparticles to grain boundary on coercivity of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet

In this work, we investigated the influence of additional compounds of Nd-Cu-Al, Dy-Nb-Al, Dy-Zr-Al and Nb-Cu-Al on coercivity of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets. The additional nanoparticles with size in the range of 40–80 nm was mixed with the micrometer Nd-Fe-B powder before sintering process. The results show that the coercivity of the sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets can be improved by introducing additional nanoparticles to their grain boundaries. The improvement of the coercivity of the magnets is clearly dependent on composition and fraction of the additional compounds. While the Dy-Nb-Al, Dy-Zr-Al and Nb-Cu-Al compounds degrade the coercivity of the sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets, the Nd-Cu-Al nanoparticles considerably improve this quantity. The coercivity the sintered Nd_16.5Fe₇₇B_6.5 magnets has been enhanced about 40% by adding 3 wt% of the Dy-free compound of Nd₄₀Cu₃₀Al₃₀.     

Changes of microstructure and magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets by doping Al-Cu

The microstructural and magnetic properties of Al_100−xCu_x (15at%≤x≤45 at%) doped Nd-Fe-B magnets were studied. The distribution and alloying effects of Cu or Al on the intergranular microstructure were investigated by thermodynamic analysis, differential scanning calorimetery and microscopy techniques. It was observed that when the Cu content of Al_100xCu_x exceeds to 25 at%, the (Pr, Nd)Cu and CuAl₂ phases form in these magnets. The formation of (Pr, Nd)Cu phase depends on the negative formation enthalpy of (Pr, Nd)Cu and the exclusive distribution of Cu in the intergranular regions. The eutectic reaction between (Pr, Nd)Cu phase and (Pr, Nd) occurs at 480 °C, which forms the liquid phase that dissolves the (Pr, Nd)₂Fe₁₄B surface irregularities and thus increases the quantities of (Pr, Nd)-rich phase at the grain boundaries. These changes benefit the grain boundary microstructure, especially the distribution of (Pr, Nd)-rich phase, which effectively improves the intrinsic coercivity _iH_c due to the decreases of exchange coupling between the (Pr, Nd)₂Fe₁₄B grains.     

Effect of film morphology on the magnetic properties for Nd-Fe-B thin films

The microstructure and magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B thin films with a particulate structure were investigated. The nominal thickness of the Nd-Fe-B layer (t_N) was varied from 2 to 50 nm on a (0 0 1) Mo buffer layer. The films were grown with their c-axis perpendicular to the plane, and the morphology of the film with t_N=2 nm was shown to be particulate from an atomic force microscope image. The slope of the initial magnetization curve became steeper by increasing the t_N value in the initial magnetization curve, indicating that the film morphology composed of single domain particles changed to that of multi-domain particles with growth. The film with t_N=8 nm, which had a structure consisting of a mixture of single and multiple domain particles, showed the maximum value of the coercivity measured in the direction perpendicular to the film plane (H_c) as 19.5 kOe.     

Nd-Fe-B/FeCo多层纳米复合膜的结构和磁性

制备了Nd₂₈Fe₆₆B₆/Fe₅₀Co₅₀多层纳米复合磁性薄膜，对溅射态和650℃退火处理15 min试样的相成分分析和微结构的观察显示，溅射态薄膜呈非晶态，经650℃退火处理15 min后，薄膜主要相成分为硬磁性Nd₂Fe₁₄B相和软磁性相FeCo(110)相.Nd₂Fe₁₄B相呈柱状，其易磁化c轴垂直于膜面，尺寸约10 nm.在硬磁性相和软磁性相之间存在少量富Nd相和非晶态，富Nd相大小约7 nm.磁性测量和分析表明，1)该系列薄膜退火态具有垂直于膜面的磁晶各向异性.2)对于固定厚度(10 nm)层Nd-Fe-B和不同厚度(t_FeCo=1—100 nm)层FeCo多层纳米复合膜,剩磁随软磁相FeCo 厚度的增加快速增加，而矫顽力则减小.当t_FeCo=5 nm时，最大磁能积达到200 kJ/m³. 3)硬磁相Nd-Fe-B层和软磁相FeCo层之间交换耦合导致剩磁和磁能积增强. 关键词： Nd-Fe-B/FeCo多层纳米复合膜 交换耦合 磁各向异性     

永磁体外部磁场的不均匀性研究

从永磁体的分子电流观点、退磁场、工艺等出发, 以矩形永磁体为例, 从理论上分析了影响永磁体外部磁场不均匀性的各种因素.研究结果表明, 永磁体外部磁场宏观不均匀性(好场区均匀度和面积相对大小) 和空间距离及永磁体的外形设计密切相关. 退磁场对永磁体外部磁场微观不均匀性有着复杂影响. 永磁体工艺如粉末颗粒、取向度、烧结凝固、机械加工等将影响永磁体外部磁场的不均匀性, 如磁化偏角、对称性、光滑性等. 关键词： 永磁体 外部磁场 不均匀性 退磁场