共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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基于声弹性原理,研究板材厚度方向、螺栓轴向方向(以下简称z轴方向)宏观残余应力分布的超声无损检测方法。针对被测构件厚度不均匀对应力检测精度的影响非常大、检测原理繁杂不适合工程应用、拉伸实验中拉伸形变对应力系数测量精度的影响很大等问题,采取超声横波、纵波相结合的方法重新推导检测公式,并提出采用一发一收模式进行拉伸实验,通过对实验数据进行拟合,由公式计算出声弹性系数代替应力系数。然后结合插值、互相关等算法,采用VC++编制z轴方向残余应力超声检测软件并搭建检测系统。分别对性能为A2-70,4.8,8.8,长度依次为135 mm,100 mm,100mm的M20的螺栓进行拉伸实验,比对计算拉伸应力与检测拉伸应力,结果表明,该测量系统的绝对误差限为20 MPa,相对误差小于25%,且应力值较大时,相对误差有所减小,当应力值大于100 MPa时,相对误差小于5%,非常实用。 相似文献
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本文讨论了不同轨道角动量分量算符本征函数间的变换关系,给出了对应的变换系数的计算方法,求解了几个比较常见情形l=1,2,3的变换系数,得到了各个变换系数之间的规律. 相似文献
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基于线性硬化塑性本构模型,建立了冲击载荷作用下弹塑性球面应力波场的理论求解方法.首先,分析了冲击载荷卸载速率对球面应力波传播的影响,得到了3种不同类型的应力波传播图像.在此基础上,建立了弹性阶段、塑性加载阶段以及卸载阶段球面波动方程的理论求解方法,给出了质点位移、质点速度、应力和应变等物理量的计算方案.与已有理论方法相比,该方法考虑了不同载荷卸载速率条件下应力波的不同传播情况,并且给出了卸载阶段应力波参量计算方法,具有更广的适用范围.利用上述方法计算了恒定冲击载荷和不同指数衰减冲击载荷作用下弹塑性球面应力波场参量,在弹性阶段和塑性加载阶段,理论计算得到的物理量与已有理论方法和数值模拟结果基本吻合,在卸载阶段,已有理论方法不再适用,而本文理论计算得到的物理量与数值模拟结果基本吻合,验证了该理论方法的正确性. 相似文献
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A method is proposed to measure the stress on a tightened bolt using an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT). A shear wave is generated by the EMAT, and a longitudinal wave is obtained from the reflection of the shear wave due to the mode conversion. The ray paths of the longitudinal and the shear wave are analyzed, and the relationship between the bolt axial stress and the ratio of time of flight between two mode waves is then formulated. Based on the above outcomes, an EMAT is developed to measure the bolt axial stress without loosening the bolt, which is required in the conventional EMAT test method. The experimental results from the measurement of the bolt tension show that the shear and the mode-converted longitudinal waves can be received successfully, and the ratio of the times of flight of the shear and the mode-converted longitudinal waves is linearly proportional to the bolt axial tension. The non-contact characteristic of EMAT eliminates the effect of the couplant and also makes the measurement more convenient than the measurement performed using the piezoelectric transducer. This method provides a promising way to measure the stress on tightened bolts. 相似文献
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Estimation of clamping force in high-tension bolts through ultrasonic velocity measurement 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The estimation of clamping force has been regarded as the main issue in the maintenance of high-tension bolts. This paper proposes a method which uses the dependency of ultrasonic velocity on stress based on the nonlinear elastic effect. The variation of ultrasonic velocity in the range of actual stress acting in the bolt is very small so that the precise measurement of ultrasonic velocity is needed. In this paper, we adopt a method to measure ultrasonic velocity, where the TOF (time of flight) of a tone-burst ultrasonic wave is precisely measured by using the phase detection technique. In order to verify the usefulness of the proposed method, two kinds of experiments are carried out. The first one measures ultrasonic velocity when the bolt is stressed by the tension tester, and from this, the exact axial force acting in the bolt can be determined. The results show good agreement with the expected linear relationship between ultrasonic velocity and axial stress. The second experiment measures ultrasonic velocity when the bolt is stressed by the torque wrench. The results show that ultrasonic velocity decreased as the torque increased, which is identical to the theoretically expected tendency. From these results, it can be said that the proposed method is adequate in evaluating clamping force in high-tension bolts. 相似文献
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Experimental study on the surface stress measurement with Rayleigh wave detection technique 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper, experimental study on the surface stress measurement of a metallic material based on the Rayleigh wave acoustoelastic theory is introduced. A Rayleigh wave acoustoelastic formula deduced by Husson is optimized to estimate the surface stress of the material. Two micro Rayleigh wave transducers with 5 MHz frequency one of which is used for acoustic pulse emitter and another for receiver are used to determine the time of flight of Rayleigh wave propagating in a certain distance along the surface of the material. The difference in time of flight between two ultrasonic signals obtained in stressed and unstressed object surface is identified by the digital correlation method. A specimen made of Q235 steel and applied with tensile load is used for calibration to obtain the acoustoelastic coefficients of Q235 steel. Furthermore, some principal factors which may result in errors in the experiment are discussed and some measurements are proposed to prevent these errors. Finally the surface stress of a cantilever beam is detected by the Rayleigh wave acoustoelastic technique and the experimental result is well compared with the theoretical value. 相似文献
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Laser gas-assisted material processing finds wide application in industry. The modelling of heating, elastic response of the substrate material, and the wave analysis gives insight into the laser workpiece interaction. In the present study, laser gas-assisted heating of steel is considered. The normal component of the thermal stress is taken as the source of load for the flexural wave generation in the material. The flexural wave generated is simulated and the wave characteristics are analyzed at four locations at the workpiece surface. The numerical scheme employing a control volume approach is introduced when solving the governing equations of flow and heat transfer while finite element and spectran element methods are used when solving the stress and wave equations. It is found that the normal component of the stress is tensile. The dispersion effect of the workpiece material, interference of the reflected beam, and partial overlapping of second mode of the travelling wave enable to identify a unique pattern in the travelling wave in the substrate. 相似文献
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应力系数的标定作为超声应力检测最为关键的环节,直接决定应力检测结果的准确性。传统的应力系数试验标定对于被测物的表面粗糙度、耦合剂厚度、声匹配块与被测物接触力等因素十分敏感,但缺少基本参照值。基于COMSOL建立多物理场耦合的超声应力检测模型,施加不同的拉伸载荷,计算临界折射纵波到达时间与不同应力值之间的关系,模拟标定45#钢的超声应力系数为13.7MPa/ns。单轴水平拉伸试验标定的45#钢应力系数为16.5MPa/ns。结果表明,通过两种方法标定的应力系数较为接近,试验标定的应力系数偏大,这是由于有限元方法能够消除试验过程中各种不确定因素对声时精确测量所造成的影响,能够更加纯粹的反映材料的声弹性效应,因此具有作为基础数据的参考价值。有限元方法作为传统试验方法的补充,可以减小试验标定数据的离散性,提高超声应力检测结果的可信度。 相似文献