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1.
改进了Warren所提出的CRAZED脉冲序列以研究分子间多量子相干的扩散过程 ,讨论了利用核磁共振测量分子内和分子间多量子相干表观自扩散系数的理论表述 ,采用粒子的随机行走模型模拟其扩散行为 .在短脉冲近似和长脉冲梯度场两种实验条件下 ,分别获得了因扩散引起的不同相干阶数的相对信号衰减强度随梯度场脉冲间隔时间的变化曲线 ,由此得到分子内多量子相干和分子间多量子相干的表观扩散率与溶液分子扩散系数的关系 .还将计算机模拟结果与理论预测进行分析和比较 ,发现二者能很好地吻合 .研究结果表明 ,分子间多量子相干的表观扩散率与常规的分子内多量子相干的表观扩散率明显不同 ,因此 ,分子间多量子相干的表观扩散率可能提供一种新的核磁共振成像的对比度机理  相似文献   

2.
利用传播子方法研究了在一般非线性场梯度下NMR信号的扩散衰减. 在自由扩散和平板间的限制扩散情况下获得了扩散衰减因子的理论表达式. 该表达式适用范围宽,且具有较简单的数学形式和明确的物理意义. 文中还将理论预测与蒙特卡罗模拟结果进行了比较. 结果表明:文中所采用的理论方法适合于表述自由扩散和短脉冲近似下的受限扩散;蒙特卡罗模拟提供了一种定性研究MRI和NMR中非均匀场梯度扩散衰减的方法.  相似文献   

3.
对基于分子间多量子相干的矢量场成像进行了系统的模拟研究. 模拟结果表明:这类成像能够对几十微米量级的异质结构进行成像,并较好地抑制来自均匀介质的信号. 即使不存在梯度磁场情况下,通过相位循环该方法亦可实现对异质结构的成像. 这将有助于开拓基于分子间多量子相干成像的应用领域,深化对其成像机制的理解.  相似文献   

4.
许鹏  何晓东  刘敏  王谨  詹明生 《物理学报》2019,68(3):30305-030305
相互作用可控、相干时间较长的中性单原子体系具备在1 mm2的面积上提供成千上万个量子比特的规模化集成的优势,是进行量子模拟、实现量子计算的有力候选者.近几年中性单原子体系在实验上取得了快速的发展,完成了包括50个单原子的确定性装载、二维和三维阵列中单个原子的寻址和操控、量子比特相干时间的延长、基于里德伯态的两比特量子门的实现和原子态的高效读出等,这些工作极大地推动了该体系在量子模拟和量子计算方面的应用.本文综述了该体系在量子计算方面的研究进展,并介绍了我们在其中所做的两个贡献:一是实现了"魔幻强度光阱",克服了光阱中原子退相干的首要因素,将原子相干时间提高了百倍,使得相干时间与比特操作时间的比值高达105;二是利用异核原子共振频率的差异建立了低串扰的异核单原子体系,并利用里德伯阻塞效应首次实现了异核两原子的量子受控非门和量子纠缠,将量子计算的实验研究拓展至异核领域.最后,分析了中性单原子体系在量子模拟和量子计算方面进一步发展面临的挑战与瓶颈.  相似文献   

5.
戴闻 《物理》2006,35(7):620-620
量子比特可借助于各种物理量进行编码,例如,光子的极化态,原子的自旋态等.为了使量子比特实际有用,它们与外部世界的随机耦合(退相干效应)必须被尽力避免.光子在传输的进程中本征退相干效应极小.但是,当光信号在光纤中传输时,它的强度会衰减.衰减的程度随传输距离以指数方式增大,例如,15km衰减到1/2,100km衰减到1/100.对于经典通信来说,中继器起放大信号的作用.但是,经典中继器不能被用于量子通信,因为它的噪声太大,以至于产生太多的错误量子比特.正在被研发的量子中继器,实际上是一个量子微处理器.它能够存储和处理一个一个的量子比特,并保证量子态的高保真复现。  相似文献   

6.
戴闻 《物理》2006,35(7):620-620
量子比特可借助于各种物理量进行编码,例如,光子的极化态,原子的自旋态等.为了使量子比特实际有用,它们与外部世界的随机耦合(退相干效应)必须被尽力避免.光子在传输的进程中本征退相干效应极小.但是,当光信号在光纤中传输时,它的强度会衰减.衰减的程度随传输距离以指数方式增大,例如,15km衰减到1/2,100km衰减到1/100.对于经典通信来说,中继器起放大信号的作用.但是,经典中继器不能被用于量子通信,因为它的噪声太大,以至于产生太多的错误量子比特.正在被研发的量子中继器,实际上是一个量子微处理器.它能够存储和处理一个一个的量子比特,并保证量子态的高保真复现。  相似文献   

7.
从理论和实验两方面对以往较少涉及的原子-分子混合体系中基于碰撞而产生间距较大多能级间的相干和两延时波包间的相干及量子干涉效应进行研究,揭示通过碰撞这种非相干过程可产生在频域内具有较大能级间距多能级间的相干和时域内两延时波包间的相干.运用半经典密度矩阵理论及缀释态理论对碰撞产生的多能级系统量子干涉效应进行计算和分析;同时实验上用ns脉冲染料激光器观察到钠原子-分子混合体系中基于等频双光子两步激发及钠原子-分子混合激发而产生的钠原子3S-3P(1/2,3/2)-5S(或4D)系统基于碰撞产生的频域和时域内的量子干涉效应.本工作为进一步运用非相干碰撞过程研究较大间距多能级间和两延时波包间的相干提供了一种新的有效的方法,可望在高灵敏高精度激光光谱、原子分子激发态结构信息及物理化学过程的控制等方面具有广泛的应用.  相似文献   

8.
本文以具有非对称性自旋相互作用的三体自旋系统为研究对象,重点研究了三体量子相干含时演化规律.采用精确量子对角化和基于量子主方程的数值模拟方法,讨论了三体量子系统中多种量子相干组分及其退相干.研究发现,量子相干组分的含时演化与整个系统的初态量子特性紧密相关.当初态为可分离纯态时,在较短时间内,非对称相互作用有利于增加多体量子相干度.这些量子相干度因受噪声影响而逐渐衰减.当初态为类Werner态时,量子相干度的分布满足加和性,即三体量子相干度等于所有两体量子相干度之和.自旋之间非对称相互作用和环境噪声都会引起三体量子相干度大于所有两体量子相干度之和.这些结论有助于多体量子资源的制备.  相似文献   

9.
采用Pekar类型的变分方法,在电子与体纵光学声子强耦合的条件下,计算得出了抛物量子点中电子的基态能量和第一激发态能量及其相应的本征波函数.量子点中这样的二能级体系可以作为一个量子比特.由于声子的自发辐射,造成量子比特的消相干,讨论了消相干时间与库仑结合参数,耦合强度,受限长度,色散系数的变化关系. 关键词: 量子点 量子比特 量子信息 消相干  相似文献   

10.
胡振华  黄德修 《中国物理》2005,14(4):812-817
基于V 形三能级模型运用密度矩阵方程推导了非对称耦合量子阱三阶光学非线性极化率. 具体分析了三阶吸收非线性效率(三阶光学非线性极化率与线性吸收系数之比)随阱间电子相干振荡频率的变化规律. 理论结果表明:三阶吸收非线性效率对阱间电子相干振荡频率相当敏感,当阱间电子相干振荡频率增大时三阶吸收非线性效率显著增强,而当阱间电子相干振荡频率为零时,这种非线性效率类似于单量子阱情况. 与单量子阱相比,对于已设计好的非对称耦合量子阱结构其突出特征表现在,其非线性吸收与色散特性可经由沿材料生长方向偏压进行控制. 据此,我们预期利用这种非对称耦合量子阱结构能设计成光通信中的光限幅器和可控克尔光开关.  相似文献   

11.
Intermolecular multiple-quantum coherences (iMQCs) have been reported to offer a sensitivity to sample structure at a specific user-defined length scale down to the order of 10 microm. When assessing this novel contrast mechanism in controlled phantom experiments, we have observed three different mechanisms whereby residual single-quantum coherences (SQCs) arising from intense high spatial frequencies, stimulated echoes and strong spatially encoding gradients can produce significant changes in signal contrast at particular length scales. These changes which only appear when components arising from SQCs and iMQCs are both present in the detected signal, are similar to changes previously attributed to iMQCs alone. We demonstrate each mechanism by which these residual SQCs arise and describe methods for their suppression.  相似文献   

12.
Using pulsed-field-gradient (PFG) experiments, the sizes of the pores in ordered porous media can be estimated from the "diffraction" pattern that the signal attenuation curves exhibit. A different diffraction pattern is observed when the experiment is extended to a larger number (N) of diffusion gradient pulse pairs. Simulations to calculate signal values from arbitrary gradient waveforms are performed for diffusion in restricted geometries using a matrix operator formalism. The simulations suggest that the differences in the characteristics of the attenuation curves are expected to make it possible to measure smaller pore sizes, to improve the accuracy of pore size measurements and potentially to distinguish different pore shapes using the N-PFG technique. Moreover, when an even number of PFG pairs is used, it is possible to observe the diffraction pattern at shorter diffusion times and measure an approximation to the average pore size even when the sample contains pores with a broad distribution of sizes.  相似文献   

13.
The signal obtained with q-space NMR imaging applied to a confined liquid is directly related to the pore shape in the limit where all molecules have sampled the whole pore. We investigate the diffusion of water across a approximately 50 microm thick film formed between planes of glass. The diffusion time t is changed almost three orders of magnitude. For short t, the root-mean-square displacement increases with a rate which is slightly less than for freely diffusing water. At t longer than 0.3 s, the displacement is constant at 24 microm which implies that the water is confined in the measuring direction defined by the applied gradient pulses. Perfectly smooth and aligned planes give rise to sharp diffraction-like features on the echo attenuation curve, i.e., NMR signal vs. the reciprocal space vector q. The experimental data with rather smooth local minima and maxima can be explained in terms of either surface roughness or a misalignment of the planes. We discuss the averaging effect of diffusion along a laterally inhomogeneous film and propose two model-free methods to determine the pore shape from the echo attenuation curve obtained in the long-t limit.  相似文献   

14.
朱小钦  陈忠 《波谱学杂志》2007,24(4):401-419
核磁共振中分子内与分子间多量子相干已得到充分的发展和广泛的使用. 为深入系统地比较研究两种多量子相干的物理机理与性质及其潜在的应用,本文总结近年来相关研究的前沿,首先系统地论述了产生这两种多量子相干的基础-偶极耦合-的作用机理,然后再分别描述基于分子内偶极耦合的分子内多量子相干和基于分子间偶极耦合的分子间多量子相干的原理、性质、及其在化学、生物等领域中的应用.   相似文献   

15.
The diffusion behaviors of spins in the presence of distant dipolar field in two-component spin systems during the second evolution period of a modified CRAZED sequence before acquisition were investigated. Theoretical formulas were deduced based on the distant dipolar field model. The simulation results and experimental observations are consistent with the theoretical predictions. This study shows that the relative intensities of signals from intermolecular zero-quantum coherences (iZQCs) and intermolecular double-quantum coherences (iDQCs) have the same diffusion attenuation characteristic under the combined effect of diffusion weighting gradients and distant dipolar field during the second evolution period. This diffusion attenuation may be different from that of conventional single-quantum coherence signal, depending on the relative orientation of the diffusion weighting gradients to the coherence selection gradients. The results presented herein are helpful for understanding the effect of distant dipolar field from a spin system on the diffusion behavior of other spin system and the signal properties in the iZQC or iDQC magnetic resonance imaging.  相似文献   

16.
Techniques capable of assessing microstructure length scale are potentially useful in probing the integrity of biologic tissue at the microscopic level. Although the magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion-diffraction technique has been proposed for years, its realization in an undissected brain has not been reported on. In this study, validation of this method in a phantom simulating a series of repeated sheets of water with regular spacing was first performed. The same technique was applied to the corpus callosum of fixed rat brains of different ages (range, 21-84 days). The phantom was constructed with a pile of transparencies immersed in water doped with Gd-DTPA. The measured signal showed diffraction-like coherence peaks, the modulation of which was influenced by the gap distance and the center-to-center distance of the adjacent gaps. The measured distances were consistent with the actual values. In five 84-day-old rats, the diffusion length scale derived from the diffractogram was highly reproducible. In the course of brain maturation, the measured size decreased with age. Electron microscopy showed that axons on day 21 were smaller in diameter and less myelinated as compared with those on day 84. Progressive decrease in the diffusion length scale observed during brain maturation might reflect a gradual decrease in transmembrane permeability due to myelination. In conclusion, MR diffusion-diffraction can be observed in the corpus callosum of fixed rat brains. This technique might be useful in probing the status of myelination in the development of disease.  相似文献   

17.
NMR波谱学中的高温近似的有效性及其相关问题   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
高温近似(HTA)是NMR波谱学和MRI技术中久经考虑且应用最广的一个近似. 最近几年有一大批引人注目的文章断言对高场下的浓溶液,如水的质子COSY谱,该近似会 失效. 与声称的HTA失效同样令人惊讶的是其副产品之一,即认为在低粘度液体如水里,存 在分子间的多量子相干(MQC). 根据理论分析及实验结果,本文将对液体中HTA和分子间MQC 作一仔细考查. 结论是:(1)室温下,常规NMR样品如水,不是一个宏观量子系统;(2)室温下,HTA仍然是NMR里最值得信赖的近似;(3)质子COSY谱(如水)中所观察到的多重自旋回波( MSE)峰并不意味存在分子间的量子力学自旋相互作用.  相似文献   

18.
Beam pattern of sparse array for passive sonar   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This work aims at sparse array without grating lobe for passive sonar, in order to increase frequency band of the passive sonar and reduce the cost. According to traditional method, the distance between two contiguous sensors in sonar array should be less than the wavelength of highest frequency of the signal; otherwise the grating lobe appears on beam pattern. The paper realizes that the conclusion of the grating lobe emergence it is not fit to the passive sonar due to the sine wave signal model in traditional method, in fact the input of passive sonar is random signal. Prom three aspect of the computer simulation, real passive sonar signal and theory analysis, it is revealed that the grating lobe does not appear on beam pattern when the distance between two contiguous sensors in passive sonar array is longer than wavelength of highest frequency. Whitening of the radiated noise can widen the frequency band, to ensure the beam pattern without the grating lobe. The conclusion of the paper is: if the band of radiated noise is wide enough (broader than 1 octave), that the wavelength of signal can be shorter than the distance between two contiguous sensors in passive sonar without grating lobe.  相似文献   

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