Simulation of transition from Townsend mode to glow discharge mode in a helium dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure

The dielectric barrier discharge characteristics in helium at atmospheric pressure are simulated based on a one-dimensional fluid model. Under some discharge conditions, the results show that one discharge pulse per half voltage cycle usually appears when the amplitude of external voltage is low, while a glow-like discharge occurs at high voltage. For the one discharge pulse per half voltage cycle, the maximum of electron density appears near the anode at the beginning of the discharge, which corresponds to a Townsend discharge mode. The maxima of the electron density and the intensity of electric field appear in the vicinity of the cathode when the discharge current increases to some extent, which indicates the formation of a cathode-fall region. Therefore, the discharge has a transition from the Townsend mode to the glow discharge mode during one discharge pulse, which is consistent with previous experimental results.     

Discharge Characteristics in Atmospheric Pressure Glow Surface Discharge in Helium Gas

Atmospheric pressure glow discharge is observed for the first time in a surface discharge generator in flowing helium. Electrical and optical methods are used to measure the characteristics of atmospheric pressure glow discharge for different voltages. The results show that discharge current waveforms are asymmetric for the different polarities of the applied voltage. A continuous discharge profile with a width of several microseconds appears for per half cycle of the applied voltage when the voltage is increased to a certain value. The short-pulsed discharge and the continuous current would result from the Townsend breakdown and glow discharge mechanisms respectively. The properties of surface discharge in stagnant helium are completely different from that in flowing helium.     

Simulation of radio-frequency atmospheric pressure glow discharge in γ mode

The existence of two diffe1：ent discharge modes has been verified in an rf （radio-frequency） atmospheric pressure glow discharge （APGD） by Shi [J. Appl. Phys. 97, 023306 （2005）]. In the first mode, referred to as a mode, the discharge current density is relatively low and the bulk plasma electrons acquire the energy due to the sheath expansion. In the second mode, termed γ mode, the discharge current density is relatively high, the secondary electrons emitted by cathodc under ion bombardment in the cathode sheath region play an important role in sustaining the discharge. In this paper, a one-dimensional self-consistent fluid model for rf APGDs is used to simulate the discharge mechanisms in the mode in helium discharge between two parallel metallic planar electrodes. The results show that as the applied voltage increases, the discharge current becomes greater and the plasma density correspondingly increases, consequentially the discharge transits from the a mode into the γ mode. The high collisionality of the APGD plasma results in significant drop of discharge potential across the sheath region, and the electron Joule heating and the electron collisional energy loss reach their maxima in the region. The validity of the simulation is checked with the available experimental and numerical data.     

Modes of Homogeneous Barrier Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure in Helium

The discharge modes of a homogeneous barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure in helium are investigated with a one-dimensional fluid model. It is found that, either in single peak discharge or in multipeak discharge, there are two discharge modes: glow and Townsend modes. The structure and features of the two modes are compared.The conditions forming the two modes are discussed.     

Transition of Discharge Mode of a Local Hollow Cathode Discharge

The discharge characteristics of hollow cathode discharge in argon in a cylindrical cavity are investigated experi- mentally. The voltage-current （V - I） characteristics and the light emission are measured. It is found that the discharge plasma is localized inside the hollow cavity, with an extensive Faraday dark space between the cathode and the anode. The discharge develops from predischarge to abnormal glow discharge, the hollow cathode effect （HCE） and a hybrid mode as the discharge current increases. The onset of the HCE is found for the first time by the transition from abnormal glow discharge together with a significant decrease in the slope of the V - I curve which shows a positive differential resistivity. The voltage increases proportionally with the current when the HCE is reached.     

Driving frequency effects on the mode transition in capacitively coupled argon discharges

A one-dimensional fluid model is employed to investigate the discharge sustaining mechanisms in the capacitively coupled argon plasmas, by modulating the driving frequency in the range of 40 kHz-60 MHz. The model incorporates the density and flux balance of electron and ion, electron energy balance, as well as Poisson's equation. In our simulation, the discharge experiences mode transition as the driving frequency increases, from the γ regime in which the discharge is maintained by the secondary electrons emitted from the electrodes under ion bombardment, to the α regime in which sheath oscillation is responsible for most of the electron heating in the discharge sustaining. The electron density and electron temperature at the centre of the discharge, as well as the ion flux on the electrode are figured out as a function of the driving frequency, to confirm the two regimes and transition between them. The effects of gas pressure, secondary electron emission coefficient and applied voltage on the discharge are also discussed.     

Experiment and Simulation of Atmospheric Pressure Glow Surface Discharge

Atmospheric pressure glow discharge was observed in a surface discharge generator. The frequency of ac power supply is more than 9kHz and the sinusoidal peak-to-peak applied voltage is 9kV. The electric field intensity in a kind of surface discharge generators is calculated with the boundary element method. Then a two-dimensional fluid model was used to simulate the ion trapping and electron trapping in a surface discharge just before the breakdown. The simulation results are in good agreement with our observation.     

Discharge characteristics in plasma display cell at high frequency

We present the experimental and simulation studies of the glow discharge plasma in a macroscopic AC plasma display panel cell operating at a high frequency. We find that at high frequencies the plasma from the previous pulse has a significant influence on the discharge properties. The xenon excitation efficiency is larger than that at low frequencies.The discharge mode and efficiency at high frequencies have been discussed in this paper.     

Numerical study on the gas heating mechanism in pulse-modulated radio-frequency glow discharge

The gas heating mechanism in the pulse-modulated radio-frequency(rf) discharge at atmospheric pressure was investigated with a one-dimensional two-temperature fluid model. Firstly, the spatiotemporal profiles of the gas temperature(T_g)in both consistent rf discharge and pulse-modulated rf discharge were compared. The results indicated that T_gdecreases considerably with the pulse-modulated power, and the elastic collision mechanism plays a more important role in the gas heating change. Secondly, the influences of the duty cycle on the discharge parameters, especially on the T_g, were studied.It was found that T_gdecreases almost linearly with the reduction of the duty cycle, and there exists one ideal value of the duty cycle, by which both the T_gcan be adjusted and the glow mode can be sustained. Thirdly, the discharge mode changing from α to γ mode in the pulse-modulated rf discharge was investigated, the spatial distributions of T_gin the two modes show different features and the ion Joule heating is more important during the mode transition.     

Electrical and thermal characterization of near-surface electrical discharge plasma actuation driven by radio frequency voltage at low pressure

The electrical and thermal characterization of near-surface electrical discharge plasma driven by radio frequency voltage are investigated experimentally in this paper. The influences of operating pressure, electrode distance, and duty cycle on the discharge are studied. When pressure reaches 60 Torr(1 Torr = 1.33322 × 10~2 Pa) the transition from diffuse glow mode to constricted mode occurs. With the operating pressure varying from 10 Torr to 60 Torr, the discharge energy calculated from the charge–voltage(Q–V) Lissajous figure decreases rapidly, while it remains unchanged between 60 Torr and 460 Torr. Under certain experimental conditions, there exists an optimized electrode distance(8 mm). As the duty cycle of applied voltage increases, the voltage–current waveforms and Q–V Lissajous figures show no distinct changes.     

针-板DBD微流注与微辉光交替生成的机理研究

在介质阻挡放电体系中产生辉光放电可以有效的提高放电体系产生高能电子的性能, 为等离子体化学反应提供更加丰富的活性粒子.本文对针-板介质阻挡放电体系下的放电模式进行了研究,实验发现放电正负半周期表现出不同的放电模式, 激励电压为3 kV时放电正负半周期分别为微流注放电和电晕放电(或者Trichel脉冲放电),激励电压为6 kV时放电正负半周期分别为微流注放电和微辉光放电.微辉光放电形貌具有与典型辉光放电相同的分层次放电结构, 分析了激励电压6 kV时的放电过程,认为足够强的阴极电场强度和裸露针状电极形成的有效的二次电子发射过程是形成微辉光放电的主要因素,绝缘介质层的存在避免了微辉光放电向弧光放电过渡.     

Discharge Operation Mode Manipulation of Radio Frequency Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharges in Argon

Stable operation of radio frequency atmospheric glow discharges is widely desired by most processing applications for their conveniency and feasibility, many of which have been addressed with the noble gas of helium and low discharge current density in stable operation regime of α mode. Here, the operation mode manipulation of rf atmospheric pressure glow discharge in argon is investigated using a one‐dimensional self‐consistent modeling approach. Stable operation regime of α mode is found to expand with rinsing excitation frequency and reducing discharge gap distance. The sheath characteristics in terms of sheath voltage and sheath thickness are given to explain the of α ‐γ mode transition. Furthermore, stable operation of discharge in γ mode is proposed tobe achieved by introducing dielectric barriers, which is indicated by monotonously growing of applied voltage with discharge current density (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

气压对微束射频容性放电模式调制的研究

微束射频容性放电在纳米晶体颗粒等离子体增强气相合成有着潜在的应用前景.本论文利用ICCD、单反相机、高压探头和电流探头等对微束射频容性放电特性进行了实验诊断研究.结果发现:在纯氩气微束射频放电中,随着气压的增加,放电从辉光放电模式向多通道丝状放电模式转换;在99%氩/1%氢混合气体微束射频放电中,丝状放电模式消失,而是从低气压全空间分布的辉光放电模式,到中等气压向轴心收缩的辉光放电模式,最后到高气压的“环状”辉光放电模式;而在纯氢气微束射频放电中,随着气压的增加,放电模式直接从全空间分布的辉光放电模式向“环状”辉光放电模式转换.最后通过射频电场中电子加热、趋肤效应和气体热传导的共同作用解释了产生不同放电模式的物理机制.     

Voltage and current characteristics of pulsed hollow cathodedischarges in hydrogen

Volt-ampere characteristics of a hollow-cathode, hollow-anode discharge in hydrogen were measured by using a very fast di/dt probe. The large bandwidth of the probe enabled us to observe fast oscillations occurring at the onset of the current pulse and also at the moment of its quenching. Three different modes of operation are observed, the first with smooth voltage and current waveforms. The second mode occurs for voltages higher than 1500 V and is characterized by strong oscillations and the occurrence of current quenching. The third, mode occurs with a sharp transition and in it the current rises more rapidly to a much higher maximum value, while the oscillations are less pronounced. This mode has identical characteristics with the superdense glow mode of pseudospark discharges. At the point of transition a sudden change in the frequency of oscillations, of the impedance, and of the maximum transmitted power occur. Current quenching is observed in the second and in the third mode. The development of the superdense glow changes the character of the waveforms and current quenching while the mechanism leading to the superdense glow may be associated with the available voltage     

辉光放电预处理对聚酰亚胺绝缘子真空沿面闪络电压的影响

为提高绝缘子的真空沿面闪络电压,采用氩气下辉光放电对绝缘子进行处理,研究了辉光放电频率、放电电流大小和处理时间对绝缘子真空闪络电压的影响。结果表明,辉光放电能极大提高绝缘子的真空闪络电压。未处理的绝缘子真空闪络电压为55 kV左右;经高频辉光放电预处理40 min后,绝缘子真空闪络电压达到100 kV;经工频辉光放电预处理40 min后,绝缘子真空闪络电压可达125 kV,高出高频下25 kV;同时,辉光放电电流（数十mA）越大,处理后的绝缘子真空闪络电压越高,但随着辉光放电电流的增大,闪络电压的增加幅度趋于饱和。     

大气压空气中重复频率纳秒脉冲气体放电模式研究

利用上升沿100ns、脉宽150ns的单级磁压缩纳秒脉冲电源,通过电压电流测量和放电图像拍摄实验,研究了大气压空气中极不均匀电场结构重复频率纳秒脉冲气体放电的放电模式。结果表明纳秒脉冲气体放电存在三种典型的放电模式:电晕放电、弥散放电和火花放电。施加的脉冲电压幅值对放电模式影响显著,随着电压幅值的增加,放电依次经历电晕、弥散和火花放电。固定电压幅值时,放电可能同时存在两种模式。重复频率加强了放电强度,弥散放电的激发电压随重复频率的增加变化不大,但火花放电的激发电压随着重复频率的增加而降低。因此降低重复频率有利于在较大电压范围获得大气压空气弥散放电。     

介质阻挡放电丝模式和均匀模式转化的特性

利用水电极介质阻挡放电装置，采用电学方法和发射光谱，研究了空气中介质阻挡放电从微放电丝模式向均匀放电模式转化的过程. 结果表明，大气压下增大外加电压或者电压一定减小气压，放电都能够从微放电丝模式过渡到均匀模式. 高气压下放电为流光击穿而低气压下为辉光放电. 利用放电发射光谱，研究了高能电子比例随实验参数的变化. 结果表明气压减小时高能电子比例增大，电压增加时高能电子减少. 利用壁电荷理论对以上实验结果进行了定性分析. 结果对介质阻挡均匀放电的深入研究具有重要价值.     

介质阻挡放电丝模式和均匀模式转化的特性

利用水电极介质阻挡放电装置,采用电学方法和发射光谱,研究了空气中介质阻挡放电从微放电丝模式向均匀放电模式转化的过程. 结果表明,大气压下增大外加电压或者电压一定减小气压,放电都能够从微放电丝模式过渡到均匀模式. 高气压下放电为流光击穿而低气压下为辉光放电. 利用放电发射光谱,研究了高能电子比例随实验参数的变化. 结果表明气压减小时高能电子比例增大,电压增加时高能电子减少. 利用壁电荷理论对以上实验结果进行了定性分析. 结果对介质阻挡均匀放电的深入研究具有重要价值. 关键词： 介质阻挡放电 光学发射谱 微放电丝 均匀放电模式     

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在四阳极直流放电装置上,测量并分析了辉光放电的电流-电压和发光特征随气压的变化关系。结果表明,采用稳流放电模式比稳压放电具有更宽的稳定放电气压和电流范围,能在从1～800Pa的较宽气压范围内实现氦气辉光放电,放电电流可达到500mA左右。随着电极表面亮斑的变化,对于同一气压,在低电流区,放电电压几乎成指数增长;随电流增大,电压的增长速度变缓;对于高的气压,碰撞频率的增大使得电压随电流升高的速率变小。分析表明,放电处于异常辉光区。从放电管的CCD图像可以看出,对于同一放电电流,随气压的升高,等离子体往阴极收缩。