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1.
蒙特卡罗模拟是放射性测井一种重要的数值模拟方法,利用通用程序MCNP可方便地建立各种地层模型,为放射性测井研究提供了简便有效的方法。借助于蒙特卡罗方法建立随钻条件下地层模型,正演模拟随钻方位伽马成像特征。结果表明,随钻方位伽马成像图呈现正弦线特征,利用成像图可准确反演井眼相对倾角和放射性地层厚度;井眼相对倾角越大,放射性地层厚度越厚,成像图的正弦线高度值及在井轴方向上的展布高度值越大;井眼尺寸对利用成像图求取井眼相对倾角没有影响,但对计算放射性地层厚度有影响,仪器偏心对利用成像图求取井眼相对倾角和放射性地层厚度都有较大影响,若伽马计数满足测井计数统计性,可忽略井眼流体对成像图的影响。  相似文献   

2.
为了探索测井仪器偏心对随钻低频四极子波场的影响,利用有限元法(多物理场耦合有限元软件包)对软地层井孔中随钻仪器偏心情况下低频四极子声源激发的波场进行了数值模拟。通过对随钻四极子测井波形的分析可知,当采用低频随钻四极子偏心声源激发时,测井波列中除传播速度与低速地层横波速度相当的地层四极子波模式外,还存在一个幅度非常低、传播速度略高于井孔流体中声速的模式波,该模式被对应钻铤弯曲波模式,且该模式波的幅度随着随钻四极子源偏离井孔中心距离的增大呈二次方规律增大,地层四极子模式波幅度呈三次方规律增加。  相似文献   

3.
朱祖扬 《应用声学》2022,41(2):310-317
针对非均匀性地层地质力学评价和地质导向钻井的需要,研究了随钻单极子声波的方位特性和反射声场特征,并研制了随钻声波测量装置。建立了不同方向速度模型井和反射声场模型,数值模拟了两个模型的单极子声波传播特征,使用单极子声源发射和偏极子接收器接收的测量模式,分别获得了波速周向变化图和反射波的方位特征。模拟结果表明,纵波对地层方位特性更容易提取和观测,反射波具有一定方位性。在水池里开展了随钻单极子声波远探测实验,利用反射波能够准确测量到1.00 m、3.00 m、5.00 m和7.00 m的反射界面距离,实验证明,在合适尺度范围内进行声波远探测是可行的。研究结果表明,随钻单极子声波测井技术在测量模式上进行适当的改进,对测井数据进行适当的处理,则这项技术既可以用于近井壁地层的非均匀性分析,又可以用于远井壁地层的界面探测,从而在随钻测井评价和钻井高效施工等方面发挥更大的作用。  相似文献   

4.
陈达  张超  关威  胡恒山 《应用声学》2019,38(5):801-806
声波测井仪接收到的电信号通常是多个压电片响应的叠加,它主要是由声压还是径向位移响应转化而来,或是两种响应兼有目前未有定论。该文通过实轴积分法和复变函数法计算并对比分析随钻声波测井的声压和径向位移场,发现这两种响应特性有着显著的差异。首先,软地层的偶极随钻测井时,声压信号包含钻铤波和舒尔特波两个波群,而径向位移信号仅有钻铤波波群;其次,单极声源情况下,声压和径向位移信号的钻铤波能量分别集中在钻铤内、外壁,而偶极情况恰好相反,可见,钻铤按照单极情况的分析结果进行刻槽后,高频时的拖尾现象会影响偶极信号中舒尔特波对横波速度的反演。因此,阐明两类信号的差异对横波速度的反演和钻铤波的压制都具有重要意义。  相似文献   

5.
提出了一种可用于随钻声波测井的非对称的圆弧片状声源,旨在发展一种能够在钻井过程中精确确定反射体位置的三维反射声波远探测方法。研究了在复杂的井孔条件(钻铤偏心、各向异性和不规则井孔形状)下,该声源向地层中辐射的声场的特征,进一步分析了不同井况条件对三维随钻远探测声波测井的影响。数值模拟结果表明,在圆形井孔、钻铤居中条件下,无论快速地层还是慢速地层,圆弧片状声源均能够向地层中定向辐射声波信号,其辐射指向性图主瓣3 dB角宽窄,旁瓣级低,方位分辨率较高,适用于随钻三维反射成像测井;井壁粗糙程度、地层各向异性等因素对声场特征影响不大,说明该方法适用于粗糙井壁和各向异性地层情况;钻铤偏心和井壁一侧的破坏对辐射声场的影响较大。对本文的模型而言,在破坏深度小于3 cm或者偏心距离小于2 cm时,声场仍有较好的方位特征,该方法仍然适用。而当破坏深度大于6 cm,声场指向性图出现多个幅值较大的角瓣,可能无法利用其确定反射体的方位。本文的研究结果为三维随钻反射声波仪的设计和研发提供了必备的理论基础。   相似文献   

6.
套管井声场合成波形及其时频特征分析   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11  
数值计算了点声源激励下套管井声场的声压波形。计算模型包括了实际中所有的三类岩石及两个界面的各种胶结情况,声源频率采用实际的测井频率。对合成波形进行了基于Wigner-Ville分布的时频分析。计算和分析结果说明,波列中的套管波、伪瑞利波在一、二界面不同的胶结情况下有明显的变化规律。二界面未胶结时,套管波模式的时频分布随管外水泥层厚度的变化而变化。它们与地层体波成分的特征可作为管外水泥胶结质量评价的重要依据;而中速地层时地层体波能量最强,有利于胶结质量评价。  相似文献   

7.
近年来,随钻声波测井成为了一种新兴的勘探方式,但是在勘探过程中产生的钻铤波会影响地层信号的提取。如何能够更有效的提取地层信号,成为学者研究的重点课题。本文基于声子晶体理论设计了一种新型隔声体,相对于传统刻槽结构能够更好的压制钻铤波。首先基于周期结构理论,利用有限元软件COMSOL MUTIPHYSICS计算了不同刻槽结构的能带图,相比于传统刻槽结构,新型隔声体有更宽的带隙,说明新型刻槽结构可以更有效的阻隔钻铤波。接着在测井模型中对刻槽结构进行频响函数曲线的计算,验证了新型刻槽结构隔声效果在所计算频率范围内优于传统刻槽结构。然后分析了在能带计算和频响曲线计算下隔声效果最好的声源频率(17kHz和22kHz)时新型刻槽结构的STC(时间慢度相关法)处理对比,最后对比声源频率17kHz下新型刻槽结构和传统刻槽结构的STC信号处理,发现此声源频率时新型刻槽结构可以更好的提取地层折射纵波和横波。  相似文献   

8.
王浩森  杨守文  白彦  陈涛  汪宏年 《物理学报》2016,65(7):79101-079101
方位随钻电磁测井是一种能够实时探测地层边界、实现地质导向与井眼成像的新型测井技术. 本文根据方位随钻电磁测井仪器的典型线圈系结构, 首先引入柱坐标系下非均质完全各向异性地层中电流源并矢Green函数, 并利用电磁场叠加原理给出倾斜发射线圈激发的电场以及倾斜接收线圈上感应电动势的计算公式; 然后应用电流源电场并矢Green函数的混合势克服非均质地层中电磁数值模拟的低感应数问题, 通过ρ 和z方向上Lebedev网格设法降低网格节点个数, 并且利用标准化算法确定柱坐标系下非均质单元上的等效电导率. 在此基础上, 用三维有限体积法建立柱坐标系电场混合势的离散方法, 得到一个交错网格上电场矢势和标势大型代数方程, 并用不完全LU分解以及稳定双共轭梯度法确定数值解. 最后, 通过数据模拟结果对算法的有效性进行检验, 并考察钻铤、线圈倾斜角度以及地层各向异性等参数对仪器响应的影响. 数值结果表明: 在柱坐标系下用三维有限体积法的数值模拟算法处理非均质各向异性层中方位随钻电磁测井响应可以得到很好的结果. 钻铤、电导率各向异性、层边界均对方位随钻电磁波测井响应产生较大的影响; 在电阻率较大的地层, 幅度比和相位差响应越小; 发射线圈和接收线圈同时倾斜时, 幅度比和相位差响应受地层的影响更灵敏.  相似文献   

9.
随钻核磁共振测井仪探测特性研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
随钻核磁共振测井是继电缆核磁共振测井之后的重要进步,具有直接探测原状地层孔隙度、束缚水、渗透率和流体饱和度等特点,受到广泛关注. 随钻核磁共振测井需要在更加恶劣的环境下作业,对探头尤其是对磁体有更高的要求. 该文研究随钻核磁共振测井的探测特性. 基于测量环境和工作方式,分析了随钻核磁共振测井静磁场设计中的特殊问题;利用有限元方法,分别模拟了MRIL-WD(哈里伯顿)、proVISION(斯伦贝谢)和MagTrak(贝克休斯) 3种随钻核磁共振测井仪的静磁场分布;根据数值模拟结果,提出可以抑制仪器随钻具运动(轴向转动、纵向钻进和径向振动)对测量的影响的随钻核磁共振测井静磁场方案,为自主随钻核磁共振测井仪器的设计、实现和优化提供了思路和注意事项.  相似文献   

10.
陈德华 《应用声学》2014,33(4):355-355
正深部钻测即深部固体地球钻探测量与测井,它主要包括随钻环境下的测量和测井以及过钻头测井、电缆测井和井壁取芯测量等。深部钻测是利用安装在钻头上的"眼睛"(探测器)进行地质导向和随钻测井,或者进行钻后电缆测井,并通过井眼建立起来的"深部地壳实验室",主要研究井孔周围地层的岩性和物性、井内温度和压力以及进行钻井导向等,用以发现和识别更多的油气和固体矿藏等战略性资源,为深部地壳科学钻探提供基础数据等。"深部钻测"是中科院声学所"一三五"规划部署中的重点培育方向。  相似文献   

11.
A highly efficient numerical algorithm using the multigrid method (MGM) is introduced to solve a three-dimensional (3-D)field distribution. Taking advantage of the restriction and prolongation in MGM computation, a more accurate field distribution can be acquired rapidly. According to the MGM algorithm, a 3-D program is accomplished, which can solve the field distributions in electron optical systems for various electrostatic lenses. The 3-D field distribution in an electrostatic concentric spherical model is tested with the MGM algorithm and with an algorithm based on the finite difference method (FDM). Comparing these two results in terms of computational efficiency and computational accuracy, it appears that MGM is superior to FDM, which is now used the most in field computations. This paper shows that the 3-D field computation using MGM greatly improves the computational efficiency of field distributions in electron optical systems and shortens the computational time.  相似文献   

12.
In this paper, an improved method for measuring displacement in digital speckle correlation technology, which is based on an iterative and spatial-gradient algorithm, is developed. After obtaining full-field displacement, both finite element method and 2D generalized cross-validation (GCV) algorithm are adopted for smoothing the displacement field, and then the strain field can be obtained from the smoothed displacement field. The method is estimated by simulated speckle patterns and three-point bending experiment. All the results show the improved method can obtain a reasonable estimation of displacement and strain fields in digital speckle correlation method.  相似文献   

13.
Low-loss splicing of index-guiding microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) and conventional single-mode fibers (SMFs) can be achieved by enlarging the mode field diameter of MOFs, which leads to an optimum mode field match at the joint interface. We study analytically the low-loss fusion splicing between an MOF and an SMF by expanding the modal field of MOF, using the controlled air-hole collapse method. Our method is simple and offers analytical solution for light coupling between MOFs and SMFs. Comparisons with available experimental and simulation results have also been included.  相似文献   

14.
A method is introduced to measure in situ the absolute value of the local field strength on the surface of a field emitter tip by using T?F emission. The method is based on the unified theory of electron emission (Christov) which is now experimentally well confirmed. The method is tested on several single crystal faces of tungsten tips. The absolute value of the local field can be determined within an error of about 5%. Relative field strengths at different points on one single crystal face can be measured with an error of 2%. Once the absolute value of the field strength is thus measured, the absolute value of the work function can be obtained additionally, but so far only with a fairly great error.  相似文献   

15.
A classical nonrelativistic U(1) × U(1) gauge field model for the electromagnetic interaction of composite particles is proposed and the quantum formalism is constructed. This gauge model containing a Chern–Simons U(1) field and the electromagnetic U(1) field can be coupled to both a bosonic or a fermionic matter field. We explicitly consider the second case, a composite fermion system in the presence of an electromagnetic field, and we carry out the canonical quantization by the Dirac method. The path integral approach is developed and the Feynman rules are established. A simplified model is considered. As an alternative path integral method, the BRST formalism for this gauge model is also treated.  相似文献   

16.
王勇  梅凤翔  曹会英  郭永新 《物理学报》2018,67(3):34501-034501
和Hamilton-Jacobi方法类似,Vujanovi?场方法把求解常微分方程组特解的问题转化为寻找一个一阶拟线性偏微分方程(基本偏微分方程)完全解的问题,但Vujanovi?场方法依赖于求出基本偏微分方程的完全解,而这通常是困难的,这就极大地限制了场方法的应用.本文将求解常微分方程组特解的Vujanovi?场方法改进为寻找动力学系统运动方程第一积分的场方法,并将这种方法应用于一阶线性非完整约束系统Riemann-Cartan位形空间运动方程的积分问题中.改进后的场方法指出,只要找到基本偏微分方程的包含m(m≤ n,n为基本偏微分方程中自变量的数目)个任意常数的解,就可以由此找到系统m个第一积分.特殊情况下,如果能够求出基本偏微分方程的完全解(完全解是m=n时的特例),那么就可以由此找到≤系统全部第一积分,从而完全确定系统的运动.Vujanovi?场方法等价于这种特殊情况.  相似文献   

17.
Transcranial Hall-effect stimulation(THS) is a new stimulation method in which an ultrasonic wave in a static magnetic field generates an electric field in an area of interest such as in the brain to modulate neuronal activities. However, the biophysical basis of simulating the neurons remains unknown. To address this problem, we perform a theoretical analysis based on a passive cable model to investigate the THS mechanism of neurons. Nerve tissues are conductive; an ultrasonic wave can move ions embedded in the tissue in a static magnetic field to generate an electric field(due to Lorentz force).In this study, a simulation model for an ultrasonically induced electric field in a static magnetic field is derived. Then,based on the passive cable model, the analytical solution for the voltage distribution in a nerve tissue is determined. The simulation results showthat THS can generate a voltage to stimulate neurons. Because the THS method possesses a higher spatial resolution and a deeper penetration depth, it shows promise as a tool for treating or rehabilitating neuropsychiatric disorders.  相似文献   

18.
We study the modified effect of slow-light soliton in a resonant three-level atomic system via electromagnetically inducedtransparency (EIT) by utilizing a microwave field. We derive ahigh-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation by using a perturbation method of multiple-scales, and calculate the modification ofsoliton velocity and frequency shift. We find that in the presence of the microwave field an obvious decrease of propagating velocityof soliton can be realized, which provides an effective method to slow down optical solitons in EIT systems. We also find that thedown shift of oscillating frequency of soliton in such system can be largely suppressed by the microwave field.  相似文献   

19.
The behavior of the optical bistability (OB) is investigated in an optical system which consists of a four-level atomic system with a microwave drive field and an optical cavity. It is found that the optical bistability can be accomplished by adjusting different physical parameters in both steady and transient process. Due to the existence of the microwave drive field, the optical bistability can be also obtained even under weak coherent coupling field condition. Since the intensity and phase of microwave drive field can be conveniently modulated, this optical system provides a new experimental method to test the optical bistability theory.  相似文献   

20.
Diffraction of X-rays or neutrons can not be used to obtain details about the atomic vibrational anisotropy in the case of amorphous materials due to the lack of well-defined Bragg reflections. Mössbauer spectroscopy can yield some information in such cases, either via the Goldanskii-Karyagin effect or by applying a magnetic field, preferably along the beam axis. The latter method can be applied to the (preferably diamagnetic) samples exhibiting an electric quadrupole interaction (preferably non-axial) and the magnetic field should be chosen in such a way as to produce significant off-diagonal elements in the hyperfine hamiltonian. The external magnetic field method is capable of yielding much more information than the Goldanskii-Karyagin effect in most cases, provided sufficiently strong magnetic fields are available. Some examples of the129I Mössbauer spectra have been calculated to show the usefulness and sensitivity of the external magnetic field method.  相似文献   

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