共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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针对太阳能甲醇重整制氢系统的数值研究,以往受限于网格划分和计算资源,多采用假设均匀的多孔介质模型,但难以准确描述微观结构下的多组分热-质传输和化学反应过程。本文结合催化剂颗粒床模型和多孔介质模型各自优势,建立了基于实际催化剂颗粒床孔隙率分布的太阳能甲醇重整制氢系统三维综合数值模型,并将计算结果与传统模型进行对比,发现孔隙率分布对系统性能有着较大的影响,而本文所建的基于实际孔隙率分布的模型更接近于系统真实情况。基于此,本文进一步考察了催化剂颗粒尺寸和运行参数对整个系统流动传热和化学反应综合性能的影响规律。 相似文献
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本文在贴体坐标系下对双头部火焰简内三维两相紊流燃烧过程进行数值模拟,采用代数雷诺应力模型模拟紊流粘性、EBU-二阶矩模型模拟燃烧反应速率、六通量辐射模型考虑热辐射对燃烧流场及火焰筒壁温的影响.分别运用颗粒轨道模型与颗粒随机轨道模型研究燃烧室内气液两相流动与燃烧过程,将所得出口温度分布与实验结果进行比较,均较为相符. 相似文献
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煤的气化火焰中,湍流脉动与煤颗粒气化过程间存在着强烈的相互作用。为了在全尺度范围内直接模拟这种相互作用,本文采用一维湍流模型(ODT)与煤的气化过程相耦合,在Kolrnogorov尺度下对煤气化火焰区域进行数值模拟,得到了二维平面煤气化火焰的瞬态结构。模拟结果表明,大尺度涡团能够显著改变火焰的结构,并诱发局部小尺度涡团的产生。颗粒粒径决定湍流-气化过程作用的尺度范围,粒径较小的煤颗粒容易受到气体温度和速度脉动的影响,从而改变其运动轨迹和气化反应进程。 相似文献
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碳制氢过程的比较及直接制氢分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文对不同碳制氢过程进行了热力学分析,比较了相同进料条件下,采用不同过程进行碳制氢时,过程的冷煤气效率以及最终产物组成,并分析了“一步制氢”中温度、压力、不同进料比对最终产物组成的影响。结果表明,直接制氧适宜的气化温度为923-973 K;增加水蒸气分压力(气化压力随之增加),气体产物的量增加;吸收剂有一最佳的量。 相似文献
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分析炸药压药过程中细观的力学行为,能够为改进压药工艺和提高炸药元件质量提供理论依据。建立了模压条件下炸药颗粒压制成型的计算模型。模型中炸药颗粒被认为是直径相同的球形颗粒,并按一定规律排列。利用非线性有限元计算方法,对炸药颗粒压制成型过程进行了数值模拟计算,分析了压制过程中炸药颗粒变形、受力和温度变化情况。结果表明:药粒在压缩中存在运动和变形两个阶段。在药粒运动阶段,应力集中主要出现在颗粒与约束面的接触部分;药粒进入了塑性变形后,药粒内部压力迅速升高且压力趋于一致。压缩过程中药粒温度升高,药床接近密实状态时,药床中心处药粒温度最高。 相似文献
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本文建立了线性菲涅尔式太阳能吸热/反应器光热–化学反应过程三维数值模型,并对其缩小模型进行了研究,探究了典型的外部因素(太阳能热流分布)和内部因素(催化剂颗粒半径)对系统流动换热与热化学反应综合性能的影响。首先,基于离散元法建立了催化剂颗粒随机堆积床模型。其次,基于蒙特卡罗光线追迹法与多目标优化遗传算法获得了太阳能热流分布。然后,对比了优化前的、优化后的以及理想情况下的系统综合性能,进一步分析了催化剂颗粒半径的影响。研究发现,热流优化后的系统化学反应性能接近于理想,而减小颗粒半径也可促进化学反应,但会增加流动阻力。催化剂颗粒大小的优选或可综合考虑反应程度、流动阻力和烧结温度限制等进行权衡选取。 相似文献
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干式离心粒化余热回收工艺处理液态高炉熔渣时,通过粒化仓和余热回收装置分别实现高温渣液的粒化初冷和二次冷却.本文建立了粒化仓内风冷作用下熔渣颗粒群的流动换热模型,通过离散相模型和Realizable k-ε模型分别追踪颗粒群轨迹和处理湍流流动.模拟得到了颗粒群的运行轨迹、温度和速度演化以及温降等.进一步讨论了颗粒初始温度和粒径的影响,结果表明,增大渣粒初始温度和减小粒径都有利于颗粒群整体温降和平均冷却速率的提高,对仓内停留时间影响较小.但增大初始温度时应同时注意出口温度,以防实际会出现出仓颗粒群的黏结. 相似文献
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超临界水生物质催化气化制氢实验系统与方法研究 总被引:18,自引:1,他引:17
在分析比较目前国际上较好的几种超临界水生物质催化气化制氢实验系统及实验方法的基础上,成功地设计研制出一套连续式超临界水湿生物质催化气化制氢实验系统,简要介绍了该系统的特点及使用该系统取得的初步实验结果,并对各类实验系统存在的问题及待改进处作了分析. 相似文献
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V. M. Gremyachkin E. P. Mazanchenko 《Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics》2009,3(4):595-601
Diffusive-kinetic model of porous carbon particle gasification by steam is developed. The model considers the processes of heat and mass transfer both inside the porous particle and above it. Heat losses by radiation to the particle from furnace wall are taken into account. Heterogeneous reactions of carbon with steam and carbon with carbon dioxide and homogeneous reaction of carbon monoxide with steam are considered. Pressure variation caused by gas mass increasing inside the particle is considered too. The analysis of the model inside the porous particle made possible determining the correlation between the reaction rate of carbon with steam and the reaction rate of carbon with carbon dioxide. The homogeneous reaction is supposed to be equilibrium. It is considered that the kinetics of heterogeneous reactions is known, than the equations of the model may be solved; and consequently the dependences of the particle gasification rate and the composition of the gasification products vs. composition, pressure and temperature of ambient gas and the internal surface of the porous particle are determined. 相似文献
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R. Hashaikeh Z. Fang I.S. Butler J.A. Kozinski 《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2005,30(2):2231-2237
A new technology, in which a renewable biomass is used to produce hydrogen fuel, is described. This hydrogen can be used as a feed for fuel cells to generate electricity or in other energy-producing processes. Degradation and gasification of cellulose-based biomass in compressed water was studied in the 100–400 °C temperature range. Phase behavior of the cellulose in subcritical water was studied in a diamond-anvil cell, coupled with optical microscopy, at heating rates of 1 and 5 °C/s. Homogeneous conditions of a single water-cellulose phase were established. Complete dissolution of the cellulose was achieved at 333 °C. The evolution mechanism based on a rapid hydrolysis of the cellulose to oligomers and glucose is suggested. Glucose was then used as a model compound to characterize the chemistry of biomass gasification. A 0.1-M glucose solution was fed into a continuous-flow reactor at a pressure of 100 bar using an HPLC pump. Catalytic effects of Pt/Al2O3 on the gasification temperature were determined. Gas product composition was analyzed using online GC-TCD. A mixture of H2, CO2, and CH4 gas was produced. Quantitative analysis of the total organic carbon in the liquid residue indicated 67% carbon gasification efficiency at 330 °C. Qualitative analyses of liquid residues showed that the main decomposition products in the liquid phase were alcohols and carboxylic acids. It was shown that the hydrogen fuel could be efficiently generated from biomass. 相似文献
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Yukihiko Okumura Toshiaki Hanaoka Kinya Sakanishi 《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2009,32(2):2013-2020
The effect of pyrolysis conditions on char reactivity has been studied using Raman spectroscopy. This paper reports on the relationship between the properties of biomass char and the gasification rate. The gasification kinetics of biomass char have been revealed by measuring the rate of weight loss during its reaction with CO2 as a function of temperature. First-order kinetic rate constants are determined by fitting the weight loss data using a random pore model. The relationship between the char structure and CO2 gasification reactivity was investigated in the range of 15–600 °C/min at a constant pyrolysis pressure (0.1 MPa), and 0.1–3.0 MPa at a constant heating rate (15 °C/min). The experimental results reveal that the reactivity of biomass char is determined by the pyrolysis condition. The CO2 gasification rates in char generated at 0.1 MPa exhibited approximately twice the values as compared to those obtained at 3 MPa. This is because the uniformity of the carbonaceous structure increases with the pyrolysis pressure. The uniformity of carbonaceous structures would affect the CO2 gasification reactivity, and the decreasing uniformity would lead to the progression of cavities on the char surface during the CO2 gasification process. The gasification rate of biomass char increases with the heating rate at pyrolysis. This is due to the coarseness (surface morphology) of biomass char and rough texture, which increases with the heating rate. 相似文献
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Optical methods in gas analysis are very valuable mainly due to their non-intrusive character. That gives the possibility to use them for in-situ or online measurements with only optical intervention in the measurement volume. In processes like the gasification of biomass, it is of high importance to monitor the gas quality in order to use the product gas in proper machines for energy production following the restrictions in the gas composition but also improving its quality, which leads to high efficient systems. One of the main problems in the biomass gasification process is the formation of tars. These higher hydrocarbons can lead to problems in the operation of the energy system. Up to date, the state of the art method used widely for the determination of tars is a standardized offline measurement system, the so-called “Tar Protocol”. The aim of this work is to describe an innovative, online, optical method for determining the tar content of the product gas by means of fluorescence spectroscopy. This method uses optical sources and detectors that can be found in the market at low cost and therefore it is very attractive, especially for industrial applications where cost efficiency followed by medium to high precision are of high importance. 相似文献
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Lin Li Lunbo Duan Zhihao Yang Zhenkun Sun Changsui Zhao 《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2021,38(4):5485-5492
Pressurized oxy-fuel combustion of coal in fluidized bed (FB) holds the potential to realize low-cost CO2 capture. However, the fundamental study in this manner is still rare due to the difficult access to the pressurized oxy-FB combustion tests. In this work, the experimental study of single char combustion was firstly conducted in a visualized pressurized FB combustor under various operating conditions. Then an experimentally verified particle-scale char combustion model was developed to reveal the dependence of char combustion on parameters. Results showed that the char conversion was accelerated with the increase of pressure, mainly due to the high oxygen diffusion and char gasification. The gasification played a non-negligible role in pressurized oxy-fuel combustion, especially under high oxygen concentration and bed temperature. Increasing oxygen concentration and bed temperature not only promotes the char oxidation rate and particle temperature, but also increases the gasification rate and the share of char conversion via gasification, resulting in shortening the burnout time of char. In addition, a higher fluidization number lowered both the burnout time and peak temperature of char particle, due to the simultaneous improvement of mass and heat transfer. The influences of char size and fluidization number on char gasification conversion ratio are very weak. In addition, the quantitative analysis of the influence of different operating parameters on the combustion process was obtained by model sensitivity analysis. 相似文献