由58Fe 和209Bi 熔合后的相关衰变过程得到的109号元素的证据

本文报导了合成109号元素的实验。用能量为4.95,5.05和5.15MeV/u 的~(58)Fe 束轰击~(209)Bi 靶,研究了全熔合产物衰变模式的特性。总辐照剂量为7×10~(17)粒子。所用的实验方法是:用静电场速度过滤器在飞行过程中分离向前方向成峰的反应产物,经过飞行时间装置后注入到位置灵敏固态探测器中,测量其动能,估算出质量、入射的时间和位置。以所有的出射粒子的能量和时间来记录很有限的反应产物发生级联α粒子和(或)自发裂变的继发衰变。在5.15 MeV/u 时的一个特别的衰变过程是:在5ms 和22ms 先分别发射两个α粒子,最后,在13s 后发生自发裂变。第一个α粒子的动能为11.10±0.04MeV。对各种可能的解释进行了详细的分析,例如纯属偶然的信号相关,转移反应产物的衰变和从能量上看允许的余核蒸发等。最后表明质量数为266的109号元素的同位素、即全熔合后的单中子蒸发道、从统计的观点看是最好的指定。本文同时也讨论了合成新元素的前景。     

Precision Mass Measurements of Short-lived Nuclides at the Heavy-ion Storage Ring in Lanzhou

Recent commissioning of the Cooler Storage Ring at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou enabled us to conduct high-precision mass measurements at the Institute of Modern Physics in Lanzhou (IMP). In the past few years, mass measurements were performed using the CSRe-based isochronous mass spectrometry employing the fragmentation of the energetic beams of 58Ni, 78Kr, 86Kr, and 112Sn projectiles. Masses of short-lived nuclides on both sides of the stability valley were addressed. Relative mass precision of down to 10−6 ~ 10−7 is routinely achieved. The mass values were used as an input for dedicated nuclear structure and astrophysics studies, providing for instance new insights into the rp-process of nucleosynthesis in X-ray bursts. In this contribution, we briefly review the so far conducted experiments and the main achieved results, as well as outline the plans for future experiments.     

Random-injection-based two-channel chaos with enhanced bandwidth and suppressed time-delay signature by mutually coupled lasers: Proposal and numerical analysis

Simultaneous bandwidth(BW) enhancement and time-delay signature(TDS) suppression of chaotic lasing over a wide range of parameters by mutually coupled semiconductor lasers(MCSLs) with random optical injection are proposed and numerically investigated. The influences of system parameters on TDS suppression(characterized by autocorrelation function(ACF) and permutation entropy(PE) around characteristic time) and chaos BW are investigated. The results show that, with the increasing bias current, the ranges of parameters(detuning and injection strength) for the larger BW(> 20 GHz) are broadened considerably, while the parameter range for optimized TDS(< 0.1) is not shrunk obviously.Under optimized parameters, the system can simultaneously achieve two chaos outputs with enhanced BW(> 20 GHz)and perfect TDS suppression. In addition, the system can generate two-channel high-speed truly physical random number sequences at 200 Gbits/s for each channel.     

Brane world black holes in teleparallel theory equivalent to general relativity and their Killing vectors, energy, momentum and angular momentum

The energy--momentum tensor, which is coordinate-independent, is used to calculate energy, momentum and angular momentum of two different tetrad fields. Although, the two tetrad fields reproduce the same space--time their energies are different. Therefore, a regularized expression of the gravitational energy--momentum tensor of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (TEGR), is used to make the energies of the two tetrad fields equal. The definition of the gravitational energy--momentum is used to investigate the energy within the external event horizon. The components of angular momentum associated with these space--times are calculated. In spite of using a static space--time, we get a non-zero component of angular momentum! Therefore, we derive the Killing vectors associated with these space--times using the definition of the Lie derivative of a second rank tensor in the framework of the TEGR to make the picture more clear.     

Quantum fluctuation in excited states of mesoscopic LC circuits at finite temperature

We discuss quantum fluctuation in excited states(named thermo number states) of mesoscopic LC circuits at a finite temperature.By introducing the coherent thermo state into the thermo field dynamics pioneered by Umezawa and using the natural representation of thermo squeezing operator we can concisely derive the fluctuation.The result shows that the noise becomes larger when either temperature or the excitation number increases.     

Pressure effect study on the Ⅰ-Ⅴ property of the GaAs-based resonant tunnelling structure by photoluminescence measurement

This paper discusses the Ⅰ-Ⅴ property of the GaAs-based resonant tunnelling structure(RTS) under external uniaxial pressure by photoluminescence studies.Compressive pressure parallel to the [110] direction,whose value is determined by Hooke's law,is imposed on the sample by a helix micrometer.With the increase of the applied external uniaxial compressive pressure,the blue shift and splitting of the luminescence peaks were observed,which have some influence on the I-V curve of RTS from the point of view of the energy gap,and the splitting became more apparent with applied pressure.Full width at half maximum broadening could also be observed.     

圆周运动公式的圆周图示记忆法

匀速圆周运动是曲线运动章节的教学重点．现行高中及中专教材均以两节的篇幅来讨论这种运动．一节是建立匀速圆周运动的概念,引入描述匀速圆周运动快慢的4个量,即周期(T)、频率(v)、角速度(ω)、线速度(v),并讨论这4个量的关系．另一节则从受力的角度讨论圆周运动的向心力及向心加速度．共涉及6个量．由于这6个量之间彼此存在一定的关系,这就使圆周运动具有较多的公式．如果学生能熟练掌握这些公式以及它们之间相互关系的规律,解题就能     

An ab initio investigation of the low-lying electronic states of BeH

Potential energy curves(PECs) for the ground state(X 2 Σ +) and the four excited electronic states(A 2 Π,B 2 Π,C 2 Σ +,4 Π) of a BeH molecule are calculated using the multi-configuration reference single and double excited configuration interaction(MRCI) approach in combination with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets.The calculation covers the internuclear distance ranging from 0.07 nm to 0.70 nm,and the equilibrium bond length R e and the vertical excited energy T e are determined directly.It is evident that the X2Σ+,A2Π,B2Π,C2Σ+ states are bound and 4Π is a repulsive excited state.With the potentials,all of the vibrational levels and inertial rotation constants are predicted when the rotational quantum number J is set to be equal to zero(J = 0) by numerically solving the radial Schr¨odinger equation of nuclear motion.Then the spectroscopic data are obtained including the rotation coupling constant ω e,the anharmonic constant ωexe,the equilibrium rotation constant Be,and the vibration-rotation coupling constant αe.These values are compared with the theoretical and experimental results currently available,showing that they are in agreement with each other.     

Function projective synchronization between fractional-order chaotic systems and integer-order chaotic systems

This paper investigates the function projective synchronization between fractional-order chaotic systems and integer-order chaotic systems using the stability theory of fractional-order systems. The function projective synchronization between three-dimensional (3D) integer-order Lorenz chaotic system and 3D fractional-order Chen chaotic system are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

Theoretical investigation of band-gap and mode characteristics of anti-resonance guiding photonic crystal fibres

With the full-vector plane-wave method (FVPWM) and the full-vector beam propagation method (FVBPM),the dependences of the band-gap and mode characteristics on material index and cladding structure parameter in antiresonance guiding photonic crystal fibres (ARGPCFs) are sufficiently analysed.An ARGPCF operating in the nearinfrared wavelength is shown.The influences of the high index cylinders,glass interstitial apexes and silica structure on the characteristics of band-gaps and modes are deeply investigated.The equivalent planar waveguide theory is used for analysing such an ARGPCF filled by the isotropic materials,and the resonance and the anti-resonance characteristics can be well predicted.     

Far-infrared conductivity of CuS nanoparticles measured by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

This paper reports that terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is used to measure the optical properties of CuS nanoparticles in composite samples. The complex conductivity of pure CuS nanoparticles is extracted by applying the Bruggeman effective medium theory. The experimental data are consistent with the Drude--Smith model of conductivity in the range of 0.2--1.5~THz. The results demonstrate that carriers become localized with a backscattering behaviour in small-size nanostructures. In addition, the time constant for the carrier scattering is obtained and is only 64.3~{fs} due to increased electron interaction with interfaces and grain boundaries.     

A novel method to measure dielectric properties of materials in terahertz spectroscopy

We present a simple method to obtain the optical and dielectric properties of samples without reference measurement in the reflection-type terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The dielectric properties of the samples of silicon and gallium arsenide were examined. The optical and dielectric properties of the samples were measured through only simple configuration, without the misplacement error. The obtained dielectric functions of the samples in reflection geometry are in good agreement with that predicated by the theory. The main advantage of this method over other methods is its simplicity and accuracy and ease for application of the reflection systems with different incident angle.     

聚合物及其混合物的太赫兹介电性质测定与分析方法

聚合物材料因其对太赫兹波的高透过率以及良好的塑形能力在太赫兹研究中扮演了重要的角色,由于材料的介电特性直接关系着折射率、极化率等重要性质,不同的应用场合通常需要材料呈现出特殊的太赫兹介电响应,一方面可以选取不同的聚合物材料,另一方面可以通过多种聚合物的混合实现材料介电性质的调制。聚合物材料合理的选取和设计建立在材料太赫兹介电精确表征之上,然而利用太赫兹时域光谱系统(THz-TDS)对聚合物材料进行透射式太赫兹介电表征时,材料内部空气孔隙的存在会影响表征结果的复现性,同时也会影响共混聚合物介电性质的分析和预测。因此以Landau, Lifshitz, Looyenga(LLL)模型为基础提出了考虑空气影响的介电分析模型,并选取了在太赫兹研究中广泛使用的聚合物材料聚乙烯(PE)和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)对模型的有效性和稳定性加以验证,展开了两种材料单质和混合物两方面的介电分析。在太赫兹波透射样品之后的相位变化信息中提取出样品的介电常数,同一种物质制备的样片间太赫兹介电谱存在明显差异,使用包含气隙影响的LLL模型处理实验数据后,样品介电常数中空气的介电影响被移除,从而得到了两种材料的本征介电常数,在此基础上,使用测得的本征介电常数和混合物样品中两种材料的体积占比信息代入包含气隙影响的LLL模型计算得到了不同配比混合物的太赫兹介电常数的模拟值,并与THz-TDS实验获取的实验值进行了对比。利用所提出的有效介质模型,聚乙烯和聚四氟乙烯在10～40 cm-1波段内移除空气影响后的平均介电常数为2.315±0.003（±0.13%）和2.109±0.003（±0.14%）,在不同重量、不同厚度的单组份样品间模型测定的聚合物介电常数保持了良好的重复性,在对混合物的太赫兹介电性质测定与分析中,利用模型计算的混合物介电常数模拟值与THz-TDS测定的介电常数实验值保持了高度线性相关,其相关系数为0.964 3,全局相对误差为1.08%,体现了模型的可靠性。提出的介电分析模型可以扩展到更多的高分子材料单质及其混合物的太赫兹介电性质表征中,对太赫兹波段的共混聚合物材料设计具有参考价值。     

Electrodynamic properties of nanoporous silicon in the range from terahertz to infrared frequencies

The dielectric response (conductivity and permittivity) spectra of a series of nanoporous silicon samples prepared by anodization of low-resistivity single-crystal silicon are measured, for the first time, using terahertz and IR spectroscopy in the frequency range 7–4000 cm^?1 at room temperature. The spectra obtained are analyzed in terms of the effective medium theory with a size-dependent dielectric response function of nanoinclusions and averaged dielectric characteristics of the surrounding medium. The geometric and dielectric characteristics of silicon nanoinclusions are determined. The dielectric properties of inclusions are found to be affected by nanosize effects, namely, carrier scattering at crystallite boundaries and a broadening of the band gap due to quantum confinement. The spectra of the samples prepared by adding iodine to the electrolyte exhibit a resonance at frequencies of 150–300 cm^?1. The nature of the resonance can be associated with the presence of chemisorbed iodine on the surface of porous silicon. Possible mechanisms responsible for the changes in broadband conductivity and permittivity spectra of single-crystal silicon upon transformation into a nanoporous structure are discussed.     

Dielectric response in ferroelectric BaTiO3

The far-infrared optical and dielectric properties of ferroelectric perovskite titanate powder BaTiO₃ are reported. The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) measurement reveals that the low frequency dielectric response of BaTiO₃ is closely related to the lowest pair of transverse optical (TO) and longitudinal optical (LO) modes near at 180 cm⁻¹, which is verified by Raman spectroscopy. This result provides a better understanding of the relation of low-frequency dielectric function with the optical phonon mode for ferroelectric materials. Combining terahertz TDS with Raman spectra, the overall low frequency optical phonon response of BaTiO₃ is presented in an extended spectral range from 6.7 to 1200 cm⁻¹.     

SiO2 nanoparticles doped nematic liquid crystal system: An experimental investigation on optical and dielectric properties

The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of silica (SiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) on optical and dielectric properties of BBEA nematic liquid crystal (NLC). For optical analysis the photoluminescence (PL) and UV-absorbance experiments have been performed. The doped system is showing enhancement in the intensity of photoluminescence with varying concentration of nanoparticles. A red shift is observed in the emission spectra of NLC doped with silica nanoparticles. The PL emission peak of NLC is observed at 377.3 nm which is shifted to 379.7 nm in the presence of silica nanoparticles. We have also observed the enhancement in the value of UV absorption for silica doped systems in comparison to the pure system. Energy band gap of pure and doped systems has been calculated and it is found that the energy band gap is decreasing with concentration which is a promising result of this study. The dielectric parameters of the pure and doped NLC systems were carried out as a function of frequency and temperature. Different dielectric parameters such as relative permittivity, loss factor and dielectric conductivity have been measured. The pure and silica nanoparticles doped systems has shown decreased value of dielectric permittivity and loss factor at lower frequency region and at higher frequency regions these values became constant. The value of relative permittivity also decreases with concentration. The increased value of a.c. conductivity for doped systems can be utilized in device designing. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the birefringence (Δn) was determined from the transmitted intensity of light for pure and doped systems and the improvement in its value for both composites has been observed. Improved value of birefringence has pronounced applications in optical devices.     

One-pot facile synthesis of CuS/graphene composite as anode materials for lithium ion batteries

CuS/graphene composite has been synthesized by the one-pot hydrothermal method using thiourea as the sulfur source and reducing agent. The formation of CuS nanoparticles and the reduction of graphene oxide occur simultaneously during the hydrothermal process, which enables a uniform dispersion of CuS nanoparticles on the graphene nanosheets. The electrochemical performance of CuS/graphene composite was studied as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. The obtained CuS/graphene composite exhibits a relative high reversible capacity and good cycling stability. The good electrochemical performance of CuS/graphene composite can be attributed to graphene, which improves the electronic conductivity of composite and enhances the interfacial stability of electrode and electrolyte.     

Non-perturbative multiphoton excitation studies in an excitonic coupled quantum well system using high-intensity THz laser fields

Multiphoton excitations and nonlinear optical properties of exciton states in GaAs/Al_xGa_(1-x)As coupled quantum well structure have been theoretically investigated under the influence of a time-varying high-intensity terahertz(THz) laser field. Non-perturbative Floquet theory is employed to solve the time-dependent equation of motion for the laser-driven excitonic quantum well system. The response to the field parameters, such as intensity and frequency of the laser electric field on the state populations, can be used in various optical semiconductor device applications, such as photodetectors,sensors, all-optical switches, and terahertz emitters.     

Low-frequency and temperature-dependent dielectric spectroscopy investigations on polypyrrole nanoparticles

Polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles have been synthesized by chemical oxidation method in the presence of anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate). The prepared nanoparticles have a diameter of ~28 nm. The low-frequency and temperature-dependent dielectric properties of these nanoparticles have been studied in the temperature range of 77–350 K. Due to absence of the saturated loss peaks, modulus approach has been used for the further insight on the dielectric properties of prepared nanoparticles. The behaviour of the dielectric modulus suggests the Debye-type behaviour of the prepared nanoparticles, where the measured ac conductivity follows the classical hopping conduction mechanism.     

From silver nanoparticles to thin films: Evolution of microstructure and electrical conduction on glass substrates

Silver nanoparticles embedded in a dielectric matrix are investigated for their potential as broadband-absorbing optical sensor materials. This contribution focuses on the electrical properties of silver nanoparticles on glass substrates at various morphological stages. The electrical current through thin films, consisting of silver nanoparticles, was characterized as a function of film thickness. Three distinct conductivity zones were observed. Two relatively flat zones (“dielectric” for very thin films and “metallic” for films thicker than 300-400 Å) are separated by a sharp transition zone where percolation dominates. The dielectric zone is characterized by isolated particle islands with the electrical conduction dominated by a thermally activated tunneling process. The transition zone is dominated by interconnected silver nanoclusters—a small increase of the film thickness results in a large increase of the electrical conductivity. The metallic conductivity zone dominates for thicknesses above 300-400 Å.