光时分复用(OTDM)系统中基于电吸收调制器(EAM)的短脉冲光源及解复用器的设计考虑

研究了电吸收调制器（ＥＡＭ） 的衰减随外加反向电压增加而指数增加的情形下,短脉冲光源的脉冲输出和解复用器的开关窗口对ＥＡＭ 的消光效率、反向ＤＣ 偏置电压以及正弦ＲＦ 驱动信号的幅度等参量的依赖关系－ 在基于ＥＡＭ 的短脉冲光源中,输出脉冲的消光比等于ＥＡＭ 消光效率η与正弦驱动电压峰峰值Ｖｐｐ 的乘积,输出光脉冲的消光比和脉宽均与ＥＡＭ 的反向偏置电压无关,但输出脉冲的峰值功率与η、Ｖｐｐ 和Ｖｂ 都有关系－ 在基于ＥＡＭ的解复用器中,为了使解复用器的开关窗口近似为矩形,可利用ＥＡＭ 的削波效应,使Ｖｐｐ／２＞ Ｖｂ－ 在ＥＡＭ 的消光效率η已知时,通过仔细设计反向ＤＣ 偏置电压Ｖｂ 和正弦驱动电压的峰峰值Ｖｐｐ ,达到ＯＴＤＭ 解复用器所需要的开关窗口形状、宽度和消光比－     

Error-free OTDM demultiplexer using the supercontinuum spectrum-slicing induced clock signal

We experimentally demonstrate an 80-Gb/s optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) demultiplexing system based on the cross-phase modulation (XPM) effect in high-nonlinearity fibers. The message carried by OTDM signal is loaded onto the probe signal by sampling the OTDM packet with a 10-GHz stable and controllable clock pulse train. The clock signal with ~ 11 ps pulse width is achieved by employing supercontinuum spectrum-slicing technique, which is distinct from that based on mode-locked lasers. The demultiplexed signal is obtained by filtering out the XPM-induced spectral sidebands of the probe signal. The OTDM demultiplexer based on this novel technique shows excellent performances and contributes to a bit error rate of as low as 10⁻⁹.     

光时分复用(OTDM)系统中基于电吸收调制器(EAM)的短脉冲光源及解复用器的设计考虑

研究了电吸收调制器(EAM)的衰减随外加反向电压增加而指数增加的情形下,短脉冲光源的脉冲输出和解复用器的开关窗口对EAM的消光效率、反向DC偏置电压以及正弦RF驱动信号的幅度等参量的依赖关系.在基于EAM的短脉冲光源中,输出脉冲的消光比等于EAM消光效率η与正弦驱动电压峰峰值V_pp的乘积,输出光脉冲的消光比和脉宽均与EAM的反向偏置电压无关,但输出脉冲的峰值功率与η、V_pp和V_b都有关系.在基于EAM的解复用器中,为了使解复用器的开关窗口近似为矩形,可利用EAM的削波效应,使V_pp/2>V_b.在EAM的消光效率η已知时,通过仔细设计反向DC偏置电压V_b和正弦驱动电压的峰峰值V_pp,达到OTDM解复用器所需要的开关窗口形状、宽度和消光比.     

Demonstration of a 16×10-Gb/s OTDM system

A 16×10-Gb/s optical time-division-multiplexing (OTDM) system was demonstrated experimentally with a well-designed ultrashort pulse source based on an electro-absorption modulator (EAM) and nonlinear fiber compressor. The obtained 10-GHz stable and pedestal-free pulse train has 2-ps width, high extinction ratio, and low timing jitter. An ultrafast demultiplexer based on a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) including a commercially available highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) is employed to demultiplex data signal from 160 to 10 Gb/s. A back-to-back error-free demultiplexing experiment is carried out to verify the system performance.     

Demonstration of single channel 160-Gb/s OTDM 100-km transmission system

A 16 × 10-Gb/s optical time-division-multiplexing (OTDM) 100-km transmission system with home-made multiplexer is demonstrated experimentally. A demultiplexer based on two cascaded electro-absorption modulator (EAM) and a clock recovery unit form a feedback loop. Error-free demultiplexing from 160-Gb/s to 10-Gb/s after over 100-km transmission is achieved. The power penalty is about 3.5 dB with the bit error rate of 10⁻⁹.     

Optical time division multiplexing at 160 Gbps using MZI switching

Many lower-speed data streams can be multiplexed into one high-speed stream by means of optical time division multiplexing (OTDM), such that each input channel transmits its data in an assigned time slot. The simulation is performed by a fast multiplexer switch (mux). The routing of different data streams at the end of the TDM link is performed by a demultiplexer switch (demux) and this demultiplexer is employed using MZI switch as it consists a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and an optical coupler. In this paper four channel OTDM is simulated at 40 Gbit/s and further the impact of the signal power, pulse width and control signal power on BER is investigated.     

基于电吸收调制晶体(EAM)的超短光脉冲特性研究

数值模拟了两种形式的基于电吸收调制晶体(EAM)的超短光脉冲源(单EAM)和级联EAM形式)的输出脉冲宽度及消光比与外加反向偏压、射频信号幅度之间的变化关系.数值模拟结果表明,在重复率为10GHz情况下,对于单EAM形式,可以获得的最小脉宽大约为13ps,其消光比大于20dB,脉冲波型接近sech2孤子波型;对于级联EAM形式,我们得到了小于5ps的超短脉冲,消光比也较单EAM形式有较大的提高.因此,单EAM形式的超短脉冲源可以满足20Gb/s的OTDM系统需求,也同样适合于超长距离的光孤子通信系统;级联形式EAM可以满足40Gb/s的OTDM系统光源需求.     

Demonstration of an 8×10-Gb/s OTDM system

An 8×10 Gb/s optical time-division-multiplexing (OTDM) system was demonstrated with an electroabsorption modulator (EAM) based short pulse generator followed by a two-stage nonlinear compression scheme which generated stable 10-GHz, 2-ps full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) pulse train, an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) that extracted 10-GHz clock with a timing jitter of 300 fs from 80-Gb/s OTDM signal and a self cascaded EAM which produced a switching window of about 10 ps. A back-to-back error free demultiplexing experiment with a power penalty of 3.25 dB was carried out to verify the system performance.     

Use of 1-m Bi2O3 nonlinear fiber for 160-Gbit/s optical time-division demultiplexing based on polarization rotation and a wavelength shift induced by cross-phase modulation

We present, for the first time to our knowledge, experimental results of the use of a 1-m-long Bi2O3-based nonlinear fiber (Bi-NLF) with a nonlinear parameter gamma of approximately 1100 W(-1) km(-l) within an all-fiber-based 160Gbit/s optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) data demultiplexer. Our demultiplexing switch basically uses the principle of the Kerr shutter, and its switching performance is further enhanced by the additional use of the wavelength blueshift of data pulses, which is induced by cross-phase modulation from the control pulse's trailing edge. The OTDM demultiplexer, composed of the 1-m Bi-NLF, readily achieves error-free demultiplexing operation of all 16 channels.     

Generation of 1.5-12 ns width-tunable 532 nm pulses by adopting laser-induced plasma shutter technique

The pulse-shaping technique has found widespread applications in nonlinear optics and material processing. Experimental research on laser-induced plasma shutter to control the 532 nm pulse width is conducted. The impacts of the total pulse output energy on pulse compression are investigated, and a useful conclusion can be drawn that there exists an optimal value of pulse energy at which the shortest output pulse of 3.23 ns can be obtained without a device for delay-time. Once the device for delay-time is employed to change the optical differences between two laser paths, the pulse width can be further shortened to 1.51 ns. In short, the 1.5-12 ns width-tunable 532 nm laser pulses have been obtained by adopting the laser-induced plasma shutter technique.     

High Speed Demultiplexer Based on a Three-Wavelength SLA

By using a semiconductor laser amplifier (SLA) with a three-wavelength configuration, which works as a nonlinear element in an optical loop mirror, a demultiplexer device for ultra-fast processing is presented. The simulation shows that its switching time can be less than 10 ps at the holding beam power of 1 W, therefore it has the ability of demultiplexing one bit data from 100 Gb/s Optical Time Division Multiplexing (OTDM) pulse trains at the control power of 1 W.     

High Speed Demultiplexer Based on a Three-Wavelength SLA

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｍｅｔｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｂａｎｄｗｉｄｔｈｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｉｎｏｐｔｉｃａｌｔｉｍｅｄｉｖｉｓｉｏｎｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｘ（ＯＴＤＭ）ｔｅｌｅｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ，ｔｈｅｓｉｇｎａｌｍｕ...     

Clock recovery from 40 Gbps optical signal with optical phase-locked loop based on a terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer

10 GHz clock recovery from 40 Gbps optical time-division-multiplexed (OTDM) signal pulses is experimentally demonstrated using optical phase lock loop based on a terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD) with a local-reference-oscillator-free electronic feedback circuit. The clock pulse that was used as the control pulse had energy of 800 fJ and the SNR of the time-extracted 10 GHz RF signal to the side components was larger than 40 dB.     

An extremely narrow UV pulse generation using a micro- and nano-ring system for pico-lithographic resolution

We propose a new technique of an extremely narrow ultraviolet (UV) pulse width generation for pico-lithography technology using a nonlinear ring resonator system. A system consists of three micro- and a nano-optical ring resonators, which can be used to generate the 50 pm (10⁻¹² m) optical spectral width at the ultraviolet wavelength. By using a soliton pulse with a pulse width of 50 ns, 1 W peak power, center wavelength at 1550 nm, after the soliton pulse is launched into a first ring device, the chaotic pulses are generated within the first ring. The chaotic filtering behaviors are performed by using the second and third ring devices, whereas the extremely short pulse, i.e. narrow spectral width, can be generated by using the extended nano-ring device. The broad spectrum of the harmonic waves is generated and filtered, especially the generation of third harmonic wave, which is known as the ultraviolet wavelength, is achieved, which is capable of forming pico-lithographic resolution. Results obtained have shown that the generation of the spectral width of 50 pm at a wavelength of 511.125 nm, with peak power at 35 mW is achieved.     

Multi-wavelength generation of an extremely narrow pulse using a ring resonator system for bio-cells microscopy

We propose a new system of an extremely narrow light pulse generation for optical microscopy applications using a nonlinear ring resonator system. The system consists of one nano and three micro-optical ring resonators, which can be used to generate the 50 fm (10⁻¹⁵ m) optical spectral width at the broad wavelength spectrum. By using a soliton pulse with a pulse width of 50 ps, peak power of 1 W, center wavelength at 550 nm, and after the soliton pulse is launched into the first ring device, the chaotic pulses are generated within the first ring. The chaotic filtering behaviors are performed by using the second and the third ring devices, whereas the extremely short pulse, i.e. narrow spectral width, can be generated by using the extended nano-ring device. The broad spectrum of the harmonic waves is generated and filtered, which is of use in optical tomography. Results obtained have shown that the generation of the broad spectrum of short pulse with width 100 fm and peak power 60 mW is achieved. The possibility of using such a system for nondestructive bio-cells microscopy, for visualizing bio-cells and for bio-cells tomography is also discussed in detail.     

Nonlinear optical properties of an azo-based dye irradiated by picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses

The nonlinear optical properties of an azo-based dye were investigated using Z-scan technique employing 38 ps pulses at 532 and 1064 nm, and 6 ns laser pulses at 532 nm. Large nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction were observed at both ps and ns 532 nm in the azoic dye. When excited at ps 1064 nm, this dye displayed a large two-photon absorption cross-section (σ₂=1810 GM). Meanwhile, the optical nonlinearity mechanism was discussed in terms of molecular structure, excitation wavelength, and pulse width.     

Optical 3R regeneration of 40 Gbit/s degraded data signals

A 40 Gbit/s optical 3R regenerator is proposed and demonstrated. The 3R regenerator consists of a dual-ring injection mode-locked fiber ring laser as the clock recovery module and an electroabsorption modulator (EAM) as the decision gate. The clock recovery module extracts the optical short pulse clock with low timing jitter from degraded 40 Gbit/s optical data streams, while the decision gate restores their signal quality. A numerical model describing the cross-absorption modulation effect in a bulk EAM is developed to explore the operating conditions, such as bias voltage, pump signal power. The timing jitter tolerance for the EAM optical gate is also investigated. Significantly improvement of BER is obtained from 40 Gbit/s RZ signals which are degraded by polarization mode dispersion or chromatic dispersion.     

Analysis of polarization dependence for OTDM demultiplexers based on four-wavelength mixing in semiconductor optical amplifier

In optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) systems using the four-wave mixing (FWM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) for time demultiplexing, the polarization states of control pulse and OTDM data lights are an important factor in the optical time demultiplexing process, which can influence the bit error rate (BER) of OTDM systems. In this paper, we analyze the effect of light polarization states on the FWM of a SOA, and use a simulation approach to study the BER performance of 100 Gbit/s OTDM systems that use the FWM in a SOA for optical time demultiplexing. It reveals that the BER or Q factor of OTDM systems is dependent on the misalignment θ between the polarization states of OTDM data and control lights. With increasing θ, both the optical power of resulting FWM component and the BER performance (or Q factor) of OTDM systems is degraded. For linearly polarized lights, our results show that the increase of BER and the reduction in Q factor are made smoothly when θ changes its value from 0° to 75°, whereas the degradation of BER and Q factor becomes rapid when θ exceeds 75°. Although the best system BER is obtained for θ = 0°, the BER performance can still tolerate some misalignment θ (e.g., up to 20° in our simulation). This is useful for the engineering design and applications of SOA-based optical time demultiplexers.     

Single mode oscillation of TEA CO2 laser with an interference resonator

An effective single-longitudinal mode (SLM) pulse TEA CO₂ laser operation was demonstrated using a Michelson’s type resonator with a tilting Fabry-Perot etalon. A modified numerical model of the interference resonator was investigated for designing the laser. The experimentally measured values were found to have good agreement with the numerical model. A pulse width of about 90 ns and the maximum pulse energy of about 300 mJ were achieved at 10.59 μm in SLM and TEM₀₀ mode. The reliability of producing SLM pulses was 100% and there was no damage on the etalon. By turning the interference resonator, the SLM output was tuned 44 lines of the CO₂ spectrum.     

双向使用高非线性光纤实现同时解复用出两路10 Gbit/s信号

提出一种利用双向使用高非线性光纤(HNLF)实现同时解复用出两路信号的全光解复用方案.将复用信号和控制光的混合信号从HNLF的两端同时注入,复用信号中的某一路信号通过交叉相位调制使控制光产生蓝移或红移,在HNLF的输出端用窄带滤波器将控制光的蓝移或红移部分滤出从而同时实现两路信号解复用.理论分析了信号光和控制光在HNLF中的相互作用和解复用原理.搭建80 Gbit/s光时分复用系统,对双向使用HNLF的解复用结构进行了实验研究.在HNLF的两个输出端同时实现不同信道的无误码解复用,其中信道解复用的最大功率代价为2.6 dB.