偏滤器靶板附近氦输运的蒙特卡洛模拟

本文用Monte Carlo方法模拟了偏滤器扁平抽气收集板附近区域的氦原子输运。考虑了氦原子被电子碰撞电离,氦原子与等离子体离子之间的弹性散射等原子过程以及离子的热运动和沿磁力线的流动。计算表明当偏滤器等离子体密度在7cm距离内从里向靶板逐渐增加约4.7倍,而温度分布保持不变时,氦灰返回靶板的几率比密度在7cm内向靶板递减4.7倍的通常正分布提高约45％。磁力线与靶板的交角、靶板的温度,边缘等离子体鞘层电位以及不同的靶材料对氦返回靶板几率的影响作了比较。得到的结果对托卡马克聚变裂变增殖堆孔栏和偏滤器工程设计有参考价值。     

双群模型在偏滤器材料溅射研究中的应用

为了估计偏滤器靶板材料的腐蚀速率和寿命，应用基于离子输运双群模型的溅射理论计算了聚变带电粒子H^ 、D^ 、T^ 和α粒子轰周Mo、W和Li偏滤器靶板表面的溅射产额，并与蒙特卡罗方法的计算结果作了比较。这些数据对估计对等离子体部件的寿命和堆芯等离子体中的杂质水平是有意义的。     

其它——DⅢ-D装置高约束等离子体大幅度ELM抑制的模拟研究

高的边缘压强梯度的H模放电可提高将来聚变反应堆的经济可行性，然而高的边缘压强梯度容易产生ELM不稳定性，它通常能把大的粒子和热负荷排到偏滤器靶板，这些ELM模限制了芯部等离子体性能和降低了偏滤器靶板的寿命。为了维持稳态的高性能等离子体，横越等离子体边界的粒子和热输运能用于粒子和杂质分布控制，因此，任何消除或者缓解大而快的ELM脉冲技术必须用另一个慢的输运过程来代替瞬时的粒子和热输运，这种技术在ITER这样的燃烧等离子体装置中是高度优先的。     

FEB偏滤器等离子体温度及靶板运行温度的优化

本文以石墨偏滤器靶板材料为例，用喷气或杂质注入对偏滤器靶板前等离子体温度进行控制，要刻薄虎器等离子体的各种变标关系及石墨靶板被腐蚀的程度、优化了ＦＥＢ偏滤器靶板前等离子体温度和靶板运行温度。     

HL-2A装置偏滤器运行模式的探针测量

HL-2A装置是一个具有偏滤器位形的托卡马克装置，为我们开展先进偏滤器物理实验和改善主等离子体约束性能研究准备了良好的条件。等离子体的杂质含量由杂质源分布以及SOL和芯部等离子体中各种杂质输运过程确定。由于离子碰撞可导致狭窄的偏滤器入口部件处杂质溅射的增强，与起源于靶板处的杂质相比，偏滤器入口处的杂质更有效地污染芯部等离子体。     

反场构型等离子体靶压缩过程中强磁场对α粒子能量的约束效应

基于一维弹塑性磁流体力学程序（SSS-MHD）,研究了反场构型（FRC）等离子体靶在磁驱动固体套筒压缩过程中强磁场对α粒子能量约束效应,分析了α粒子的非局域和局域自加热对FRC等离子靶压缩峰值温度的影响,以及α粒子能量在整个压缩过程中端部损失效应。等离子体部分采用多温单流体的模型,能量的计算中引入了DT离子、电子及α粒子多成分温度的能量方程,同时考虑了等离子体压缩过程热平衡下的核反应和非局域自加热问题。研究结果表明,磁化靶聚变等离子体在压缩过程中具有较好的稳定性,能够保持刚性转子的靶结构,压缩过程形成的强磁场能够将α粒子的能量约束在O点附近的区域,有利于等离子体靶的点火及燃烧;α粒子对等离子体的自加热效应主要集中在等离子体电流中心区,而非等离子体中心轴处;α粒子对DT等离子体局域和非局域自加热过程存在差异,局域自加热过程的功率大于非局域自加热过程的功率,FRC等离子靶压缩峰值状态温度相差0.5倍。在反场构型的刮离层区,α粒子的能量端部损失在FRC等离子体靶的压缩和膨胀过程中逐渐增大。     

FEB-E动态气靶偏滤器的研究

在ＦＥＢ－Ｅ设计阶段,偏波器从开放式固定板靶优化为封闭式气体靶,以改善偏滤器的杂质控制和增加离子与气体的相互作用,通过喷气和注入杂质获得的部分脱靶等离子体形成了动态气体靶,喷气能降低删削层（ＳＯＬ）处等离子体温度,沪入的杂质增加了ＳＯＬ处的辐射功率,使靶板的负载降低,用ＮＥＷＴ１Ｄ编码模拟了ＳＯＬ处等离子体和杂质（硼杂质）的输运,得到了杂质、等离本温度和等离了体密度分布。着眼于杂质的滞留物辐射,优     

偏滤器等离子体中杂质对钨壁材料的侵蚀模拟研究

偏滤器是托卡马克中与等离子体直接接触的部件,为了保证装置的寿命,需要尽可能地减小等离子体对偏滤器靶板的侵蚀.本文用粒子模拟的方法研究了不同等离子体温度情况下碳和铍两种杂质离子对钨偏滤器侵蚀速率的影响.模拟首先得到稳定的鞘层结构、入射到靶板的离子流和能流密度,并通过统计获得了入射离子的能量和角度分布,最终根据这些物理参量,采用经验公式计算出钨靶板的侵蚀速率.研究表明,在等离子体温度不太高的情况下,钨靶板的热侵蚀几乎不起作用,而由于杂质离子对钨的物理溅射阈值较低,并且会通过鞘层加速获得能量,因此其对钨壁材料的物理溅射是导致靶板侵蚀的主要原因,另外靶板材料的侵蚀速率随着等离子体温度升高以及杂质含量增大而急剧增大.     

HL-2A装置等离子体边缘的单探针快采测量

托卡马克装置等离子体边缘和刮离层(SOL)物理的实验和理论研究是目前聚变装置中等离子体的杂质含量、杂质源分布以及SOL和芯部等离子体中各种杂质输运过程研究的重要课题之一。等离子体表面相互作用导致杂质的产生和随后杂质传输以及对芯部等离子体的污染。在孔栏和偏滤器靶板表面上易产生的离子通量的电荷态和能量通过物理贱射是确定杂质释放大小的最重要因素，而化学贱射是取决于表面形成的元素、碰撞的等离子体和表面温度。杂质传输强烈地取决于刮离层等离子体的背景特征，如温度、密度、传输效率和流速。     

FEB-E脱靶等离子体偏滤器的数值模拟

为了提高ＦＥＢ－Ｅ偏滤器的杂质控制和增加ＦＥＢ－Ｅ偏滤器处离子与中性气体的相互作用,用喷 气和杂质注入的方法设计了动态气全靶偏滤器。高约束Ｈ模拟态下的脱靶等离子体沿删削层（ＳＯＬ）磁力线有大的辐射功率份额（５０％￣８０％）和大的等离子体压力下降（９０％）。偏滤器上等离子体压降系数用ＳＯＬ的两点输运模型和辐射模型估算。结果显示,压降系数不仅与辐射功率份额有关,而且与ＳＯＬ驻点密度紧密相连。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.