Study on Graphic Distortion in Laser Display

The mechanism of the graphics distrotion in a laser display system was studied. Based on the mathematical analysis, the pincushion and linear distortions were calculated. Theoretical results agree well with the experimental observation. By tracing laser beams from image plan back to scanners, a relation between the image points on the screen and the scan angles was built. Thus, it has been able to rectify the scanning distortions by computer software effectively.     

Acousto-optic interaction in laser vibrometry in a liquid

It is demonstrated that, when the classical method of laser vibrometry is used for measurements in a liquid, it gives erroneous results with measurement errors reaching 100% or more. The vibration pattern observed in this case exhibits a false structure with a spatial scale identical to the wavelength of acoustic waves in the liquid. In addition, the laser vibrometer shows displacements in the regions where they are actually absent. In the transient mode of operation, the image displays nonexistent surface waves, which propagate with the velocity of sound in the liquid. The origin of these distortions lies in the acoustooptic interaction that occurs in the condensed medium on the path of the probing laser beam. An analytic expression is obtained for the Green’s function characterizing laser vibrometry in the cases of harmonic and pulsed excitation of the surface under investigation. It is shown that this function explains all the artifacts observed in laser vibrometry in a liquid and can be used to correct the measurement data.     

Holographic distant display in dichromated gelatin

A transmission holographic optical element (HOE) has been manufactured, which changes the direction and divergence of light from a laser-illuminated transparent object, for example, a meter scale, so creating a virtual image a considerable distance from the viewer. The HOE is made in dichromated gelatin, with Ar laser light of wavelength 488 nm, and is reconstructed at 633 nm with a HeNe laser. Diffraction efficiency, luminance and contrast are measured at various points in the 16 X 16 cm² hologram. The visibility is good and there are modest distortions.     

光谱失真客观度量方法初探

分析了在光谱图像压缩的性能评价中常用的几种光谱失真客观度量方法,针对光谱曲线的关键区域,改进了相对光谱二次误差,提出了一种基于光谱导数曲线的光谱失真客观度量方法.该方法与光谱图像的应用需求一致,对谱线特征吸收峰的变化尤为敏感.仿真实验结果表明,该方法能有效地度量光谱图像压缩引入的各种光谱失真.     

Numerical analysis of spatial distortions in a single-grating chirped pulse amplification system

A numerical study of spatial distortions of a laser beam after propagation through an optical single-grating chirp pulse amplification (CPA) system was developed. This study is based on numerical simulation using the ray-tracing model from Rayica module of MATHEMATICA and it relates the behavior of the aberrated beam in terms of spatial distortions (eg. spatial chirp and pulse front tilt) in case of grating incident angle variation. The results are relevant for different applications which use CPA systems with needs of high quality laser beam profile.     

A geometric correction based robust color image watermarking scheme using quaternion Exponent moments

Most of the existing color image watermarking schemes was designed to mark grayscale images or use the color components, which ignore the significant correlation between different color channels. Recently, several approaches were developed to process the color channels intrinsically, but they always cannot counterattack geometric distortions. It is a challenging work to design a robust color image watermarking scheme against geometrical distortions. In this paper, we propose a geometric correction based robust color image watermarking approach using quaternion Exponent moments (QEMs). The novelty of our approach is that (1) the QEMs are derived to deal with the color images in a holistic manner, and (2) the QEMs are exploited for estimating the geometric distortions parameters in order to permit watermark extraction. Experimental results confirm the validity of our approach and its higher robustness against geometrical distortions compared to alternative watermarking methods in the literature.     

高功率激光器腔镜热变形对输出光束质量的影响

利用有限元分析法结合Fox-Li迭代法,考虑腔内本征模式与腔镜热形变的相互耦合作用,计算模拟了正支共焦非稳腔的本征模式分布,定量分析了高功率激光器腔镜热变形对输出光束质量的影响,重点讨论了腔镜热变形所引起的腔内本征模式相位特性的变化,并从波前功率谱密度、Zernike像差系数及光束质量值等角度对腔镜发生热形变前后的激光器输出光束的光束特性进行比较分析。研究结果表明:高功率激光器腔镜热形变对输出光束的光束质量会产生一定的影响,且随着激光输出功率的增大,镜面热形变引起的输出光束波前相位高频比例及Zernike高阶像差均会有所增大,波前畸变程度也明显变大,光束质量逐渐变差。     

Characterization of semiconductor laser frequency chirp based on signal distortion in dispersive optical fiber

In the paper, the simple method of laser chirp parameters estimation is presented. It is based on measuring time-domain distortions of chirped signal transmitted through dispersive fiber and finding laser chirp parameters by matching measured distortions to calculated ones. Experiments undertaken with 1.55 μm telecommunication grade distributed feedback (DFB) lasers and standard single-mode fiber are described, together with some practical remarks on measurement setup and main conclusions.     

Dynamic reflection holograms in CdF2 crystals with bistable centers

The diffraction efficiency and the recording and relaxation times of dynamic reflection holograms, recorded in CdF₂ crystals with bistable centers are studied experimentally in the temperature range 20–100°C. In the model experiments which measured the quality of the wave reflected from the hologram, the dynamic wavefront distortions are demonstrated to be efficiently compensated using a holographic corrector based on these crystals. CdF₂ crystals with bistable centers are likely to be useful in solving problems of correction of laser light wavefront and image correction in observation telescopes with nonideal primary mirrors.     

Integrated Digital Image Correlation considering gray level and blur variations: Application to distortion measurements of IR camera

The acquisition of images with different modalities may involve different alterations with respect to an ideal model. Inhomogeneous brightness and contrast, blur due to non-ideal focusing, distortions are common. It is proposed herein to account for such effects for instance by registering a calibration target image with an actual optical image to measure lens distortions. An Integrated Digital Image Correlation (I-DIC) algorithm is proposed to account for the above artifacts and the algorithm is detailed. The resolution and uncertainty of the technique are first investigated on synthetic images, and then applied to the measurement of distortions for infrared (IR) images. The procedure is shown to reduce drastically the residual level assessing the validity of the image formation model, but more importantly allowing for a much improved registration of images.     

Correction of wavefront distortions and depolarization in solid-state laser amplifiers

Results are reported of the study of systems averaging the azimuthal inhomogeneities of gain and suppressing aberration and polarization wavefront distortions formed in active amplifying elements of a repetitively pulsed Nd:YAG laser. A twofold decrease of depolarization in the amplified radiation was obtained. An optimum filling of active elements due to correction of radiation distortions in the near field was realized.     

神光-Ⅱ和神光-Ⅲ原型内爆对称性实验的模型分析

内爆靶丸的X光辐射驱动对称性分析和控制能力演示是惯性约束聚变(ICF)研究最重要的课题之一, 目前国内外已展开许多实验和模拟研究.建立了一种ICF内爆对称性分析的简化模型, 利用该模型分析了神光-Ⅱ和神光-Ⅲ 原型激光装置上的内爆对称性实验. 与实验结果比较表明,计算最佳腔长与实验值基本相符;靶丸压缩变形因子计算结果也与实验测量值接近. 模型的有效性得到验证,可为即将开展的神光-Ⅲ 主机内爆对称性实验参数设计和结果分析提供参考.     

Thermal aberrations and high power frequency conversion in a barium nitrate Raman laser

Raman frequency conversion of high average power pulsed Nd:YAG laser radiation into the near IR spectral region in a barium nitrate Raman laser was studied with the emphasis on thermal effects inside the Raman-active medium. The probe-beam technique together with numerical reconstruction, done by integrating the transient heat conduction and paraxial wave equations, revealed dynamics of the induced distortions featuring high-order optical aberrations. By utilizing the Zernike expansion of the reconstructed phase profile and implementing a special focusing geometry of the pump beam, partial compensation of the distortions was realized in a stable configuration of the Raman cavity. Generation of the first-, second-, and third-order Stokes radiation with output power of 17, 9.5, and 5.5 W corresponding to a quantum conversion efficiency of 32, 21, and 13% is reported.     

Compensation of aberration distortions of wavefront of pulse laser beam by backscattering signal

The possibility of compensation of aberration distortions of the wavefront of a pulse laser beam by a signal of atmosphere backscattering is analyzed theoretically. The requirements to the transceiver parameters ensuring full compensation of the distortions are determined.     

强激光主镜膜厚不均匀性对偏振和光学图像的影响

本文讨论了在特定镀膜室的几何尺寸约束下,一定直径(0.8m)的主反射镜的膜层厚度分布。给出了金属增强型高反射膜系由于不均匀性对光束偏振态的影响;计算了1.06μm主激光和0.5893μm的信标光产生的相位畸变。通过修正设计得到符号相同的相位变化,从而使信标光达到预期目的。     

激光器非线性失真对SCM光波系统的影响

对于宽带副载波复用(SCM)的光波系统,研究并设法减小光源的非线性所引起的谐波失真和交调失真,是一个重要的理论课题。本文分析激光器的P—I曲线的非线性以及谐振腔里光子和电子相互耦合所引起的固有非线性及其对复用信道的影响。     

Compensation of dynamic phase distortions in the phase conjugation system based on the film of azocontaining liquid-crystalline polymer

The compensation dynamics of phase distortions in optical phase conjugation (OPC) using the film of azocontaining liquid-crystalline polymer was experimentally investigated. The quality of compensation of distortions of the wave front was determined, and the effect of experimental conditions on the OPC dynamics was studied. The coefficient of reflection in OPC reached 35% for a total incident light intensity of ～17 mW/cm² at a wavelength of 532 nm. The response time of the OPC system was ～1 s at a polymer temperature of 69°C. The high-quality compensation of the wave front distortions of the laser radiation was obtained. The residual error of compensation decreased by a factor of ～100 during the transient OPC process. It is demonstrated that the spatially modulated light beam can be retrieved during repeated passages through a phase plate with strong small-scale aberrations.     

Distortion correction for a double inversion-recovery sequence with an echo-planar imaging readout

A double inversion-recovery (DIR) sequence with an echo-planar imaging (EPI) readout can be used to image selectively the grey matter of the brain, and this has previously been applied to improve the sensitivity of the statistical analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. If a procedure were to be implemented to remove the distortions that are inherent in the EPI-based fMRI data set, then a similar technique would have to be applied to the DIR-EPI image also to ensure that it matches the geometry of the functional data. A comparison of candidate methodologies for correcting distortions in DIR-EPI images, based on the reversed-gradient method, is presented. A corrected image could be calculated from two DIR-EPI images acquired with k-space traversal in opposite directions, but that method was not able to cope with the large regions of low signal intensity corresponding to the nulled white matter. It was found that the optimal procedure to apply the reversed-gradient method to DIR-EPI images was to acquire two additional EPI images (without the two inversion pulses) with opposite-direction k-space traversal; the distortion-correction information calculated from those EPI images was then applied to the DIR-EPI data.     

Single-shot fast spin-echo diffusion tensor imaging of the brain and spine with head and phased array coils at 1.5 T and 3.0 T

In this study, we investigated the use of a single-shot fast spin-echo-based sequence to perform diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with improved anatomic fidelity through the entire brain and the cervical spine. Traditionally, diffusion tensor images have been acquired by single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI) methods in which large distortions result from magnetic susceptibility effects, especially near air-tissue interfaces. These distortions can be problematic, especially in anterior and inferior portions of the brain, and they also can severely limit applications in the spine. At higher magnetic fields these magnetic susceptibility artifacts are increased. The single-shot fast spin-echo (SSFSE) method used in this study utilizes radiofrequency rephasing in the transverse plane and thus provides diffusion images with negligible distortion even at 3 Tesla. In addition, the SSFSE sequence does not require multiple fast-receivers, which are not available on many magnetic resonance (MR) systems. Phased array coils were used to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the images, offering a major inherent advantage in diffusion tensor imaging of the spine and brain. The mean diffusion measurements obtained with the SSFSE acquisition were not statistically different (p > 0.05) from EPI-based acquisitions. Compared to routine T(2)-weighted MR images, the DTI-EPI sequence showed up to 20% in elongation of the brain in the anterior-posterior direction on a sagittal image due to magnetic susceptibility distortions, whereas in the DTI-SSFSE, the image distortions were negligible. The diffusion tensor SSFSE method was also able to assess diffusion abnormalities in a brain stem hemorrhage, unaffected by the spatial distortions that limited conventional EPI acquisition.     

Photorefractive power transfer from parallel laser diode amplifiers into a single output beam

Photorefractive BaTiO(3):Ce was used to combine coherently a signal beam and two amplified pump beams at lambda=678 nm. The master laser beam was split and then amplified in two semiconductor laser amplifiers with gain of as much as 6. The amplifiers were made from quantum-well laser chips by use of antireflection coating. 40% of the power could be transferred to the signal beam without transferring the phase distortions of the pump beams.