非均匀散射层矢量辐射传输(VRT)方程高阶散射解的迭代法

将散射介质层在z轴方向划分成薄层，用薄层的一阶散射强度、Fourier变换和迭代方法求解散射介质整层的矢量辐射传输(VRT)方程的高阶散射解.该方法将一阶散射与高阶散射迭代结合起来，计算公式简明，可计算高阶迭代解，计算时间少.计算结果与一层均匀散射介质的VRT方程一阶Mueller矩阵解、半空间均匀散射介质二阶Mueller矩阵解、以及离散坐标-特征值特征矢量法的VRT热辐射的数值解作了全面的比较.提出并讨论了非均匀散射层主动与被动VRT方程的高阶解.本计算程序可以通用于非球形粒子多层结构及非均匀介质的散射和热辐射计算. 关键词： VRT方程 分层 迭代解     

边界积分方程法求解目标的声散射T矩阵

提出了计算任意表面形状刚性边界目标散射的基于边界积分方程的T矩阵方法(TMM-BIE).利用Helmholtz积分方程法(HIEM)计算目标表面声场,替代扩展边界法(EBCM)计算中对目标表面声场的近似处理,解决了扩展边界法不能计算任意形状目标的散射T矩阵问题.文中计算了刚性边界的球目标、有限长圆柱目标以及非对称的三维散射体-猫眼(cat's-eye)模型的散射指向性和T矩阵.通过与解析解和HIEM结果比较,证明该方法的有效性.     

随机介质中的矢量辐射传输理论

本文讨论了极化电磁波在随机介质中多次散射，传输和热辐射的斯托克斯矢量的辐射传输理论。其中包括随机分布离散的球形和非球形粒子的矢量辐射传输方程，离散坐标——特征分析法，付利叶变换，迭代法等数值解。讨论了非球形粒子的穆勒矩阵。并研究了密集分布的散射粒子介质的辐射传输理论，考虑了密集粒子散射的相干性，计算了有效传播常数。理论及数值结果与实验用了很好的比较。     

非均匀随机散射介质层的多次散射和热辐射的分层迭代解

为纳入矢量辐射传输方程的多次散射，将非均匀平行分层分布的随机散射介质划分成多个薄 层，利用各薄层的低阶Mueller矩阵解推导出整层的高阶散射迭代解.用这一方法计算了具有 占空比、粒子大小和温度廓线非均匀分布的平行分层随机密集球形粒子积雪层的极化热辐射 .数值结果与一层均匀随机散射层的离散坐标-特征值方法作了比较，讨论了多次散射和热辐 射与散射层各特征参数的关系，与积雪层微波遥感数据进行了对比. 关键词： VRT方程 平行分层 高阶散射解 迭代解     

随机取向双层椭球粒子偏振散射特性研究

基于T矩阵方法,给出了随机取向、轴对称、含核椭球粒子的散射计算方法.散射体的核和外壳均可为非球形粒子,整个粒子具有轴对称性.以含核椭球粒子为模型,计算了含有吸收性内核(黑炭,black carbon)的水凝物气溶胶的散射特性,分析了核的大小、形状对消光系数、散射系数、吸收系数、不对称因子、单次散射反照率以及Muller矩阵等的影响. 关键词： 光散射 T矩阵 Muller矩阵 椭球粒子     

高阶邦加球上柱矢量光束的变换

本文从理论和实验上系统研究了利用半波片实现高阶邦加球上柱矢量光束变换的方法.通过琼斯矩阵的方法理论分析得出变换前后柱矢量光束在高阶邦加球上两个对应点的纬度相反,经度随半波片的光轴方向角的不同而改变.最后,基于空间光调制器搭建了一套柱矢量光束产生及其变换系统,实验结果证明了这种方法的可行性.     

水下任意刚性散射体对Bessel波的散射特性分析

本文利用Bessel波的谐波展开式, 采用T矩阵方法的推导思路, 建立了水下任意刚性散射体在Bessel波照射下的声散射场计算公式. 以水下刚性椭球体和两端附连半球的刚性圆柱体为例, 计算了在不同波锥角β 下的反向散射形态函数, 同时, 依据镜反射波和绕行波的干涉物理模型, 给出了预报Bessel波照射下的反向散射形态函数峰峰间隔值的计算模型. 仿真结果表明本文提出的Bessel波照射下反向散射形态函数峰峰间隔值预报方法是准确有效的, 同时也说明, 本文建立的基于T矩阵法计算水下任意刚性散射体在Bessel波束下的声散射场方法是有效的, 这拓展了T矩阵法的应用领域.     

含核椭球粒子后向散射特性研究

基于T矩阵方法,给出了随机取向、轴对称、含核椭球粒子的散射计算方法,散射体的核和外壳均可为非球形粒子,内层粒子和外层粒子可以为同心也可为不同心,整个粒子具有轴对称性.以含核椭球粒子为模型,计算了含有吸收性内核的水凝物气溶胶的散射特性,分析了核的大小、形状以及位置对后向散射的影响.计算结果表明,后向散射对内核的形状、大小...     

群论在对称结构电磁散射问题中的应用

用T矩阵方法计算电磁散射问题时, 如果散射体的几何结构满足点群对称性, 即在群变换作用下保持不变, 可以利用群论找出散射体的几何对称性和T矩阵元的对称性之间的关系, 通过预知部分矩阵元的精确值以及 它们之间的关系来达到数值求解过程 中节约运行时间的目的. 关键词： 群论 对称结构 电磁散射 对称算子     

地表双向反射对天基矢量辐射探测的影响分析

矢量辐射传输方程定量描述了辐射在地表-大气耦合介质中的传输过程,是定量遥感的基础.在处理辐射和离散介质相互作用时,如何处理多次散射、辐射偏振效应和耦合地表模型是研究的重点,直接影响定量化遥感反演的精度.文中基于逐次散射近似法求解了矢量辐射传输方程,求解过程中耦合典型地表的非偏双向反射（BRDF）模型和偏振双面反射（BPDF）模型.采用相对误差因子定量分析了地表双向反射效应和大气偏振效应对天基矢量辐射的影响.为进一步研究地表-大气耦合介质系统的偏振特性及地表大气参数的定量遥感反演提供理论支持. 关键词： 矢量辐射传输方程 逐次散射近似 定量遥感 偏振遥感     

Scattering properties of rutile pigments located eccentrically within microvoids

We study the optical properties of opaque polymer pigmented coatings. The system consists of spherical rutile particles encapsulated in spherical microvoids embedded in a transparent polymer resin. The single-scattering properties of this system have been analyzed already, in case the rutile particle is located at the center of the microvoid . Here, we use a T-matrix approach to generalize and extend this analysis to the more realistic case when the rutile particles is located off-center within the microvoid. We also consider the multiple-scattering effects of a cluster composed by a collection of air bubbles with off-center rutile inclusions. Our calculations take into account the multiple scattering and the dependent-scattering processes of each pigment particle of the aggregate, using a new recursive T-matrix algorithm.     

Coherent backscattering of light by complex random media of spherical scatterers: numerical solution

Novel Monte Carlo techniques are described for the computation of reflection coefficient matrices for multiple scattering of light in plane-parallel random media of spherical scatterers. The present multiple scattering theory is composed of coherent backscattering and radiative transfer. In the radiative transfer part, the Stokes parameters of light escaping from the medium are updated at each scattering process in predefined angles of emergence. The scattering directions at each process are randomized using probability densities for the polar and azimuthal scattering angles: the former angle is generated using the single-scattering phase function, whereafter the latter follows from Kepler's equation. For spherical scatterers in the Rayleigh regime, randomization proceeds semi-analytically whereas, beyond that regime, cubic spline presentation of the scattering matrix is used for numerical computations. In the coherent backscattering part, the reciprocity of electromagnetic waves in the backscattering direction allows the renormalization of the reversely propagating waves, whereafter the scattering characteristics are computed in other directions. High orders of scattering (~10 000) can be treated because of the peculiar polarization characteristics of the reverse wave: after a number of scatterings, the polarization state of the reverse wave becomes independent of that of the incident wave, that is, it becomes fully dictated by the scatterings at the end of the reverse path. The coherent backscattering part depends on the single-scattering albedo in a non-monotonous way, the most pronounced signatures showing up for absorbing scatterers. The numerical results compare favourably to the literature results for nonabsorbing spherical scatterers both in and beyond the Rayleigh regime.     

随机介质中的矢量辐射传输理论

本文讨论了极化电磁波在随机介质中多次散射,传输和热辐射的斯托克斯矢量的辐射传输理论。其中包括随机分布离散的球形和非球形粒子的矢量辐射传输方程,离散坐标-特征分析法,付利叶变换,迭代法等数值解。讨论了非球形粒子的穆勒矩阵。并研究了密集分布的散射粒子介质的辐射传输理论,考虑了密集粒子散射的相干性,计算了有效传播常数。理论及数值结果与实验作了很好的比较。     

Scattering from a Multi-Layered Sphere Located in a High-Order Hermite-Gaussian Beam

Scattering of a high-order Hermite-Gaussian beam by a multi-layered sphere is analyzed. The incident high- order Hermite-Gaussian beam field is expressed by the complex-source-point method and expanded in terms of spherical vector wave functions. The beam shape coefficients of the Hermite-Gaussian beam are obtained. Under electromagnetic field boundary conditions, coefficients in the expressions of scattering fields are derived. Results of the numerical calculation of scattering intensity are presented. The effects of the particle parameters and beam parameters on scattering intensity are discussed in detail.     

群聚球形粒子极化散射的T矩阵数值模拟

对于不小于波长或可与波长相比的大粒子集合性的相干散射,要求严格求解多次散射的Maxwel方程。作者利用多个粒子多次散射的严格的T矩阵公式,发展了数值模似算法,求出非均匀群聚分布的球形粒子相干极化散射在全方位上的数值结果,研究了群聚粒子相干极化散射的特征表现,并与双球粒子散射的实验结果作了很好的比较。     

T-matrix method for biaxial anisotropic particles

Using the T-matrix approach electromagnetic scattering by a biaxial anisotropic non-axisymmetric particle is studied. Electromagnetic fields inside the scatterer are expressed by a system of quasi-spherical vector wave functions which are derived by use of inverse Fourier transform. Using this expansion a solution of the light scattering problem in the framework of the null-field method with discrete sources is obtained.Numerical scattering results for ellipsoids and cubes are presented. For validation the calculation results obtained are compared with results from other light scattering programs such as DDSCAT and ADDA.     

Angular correlation function of wave scattering by a random rough surface and discrete scatterers and its application in the detection of a buried object

Abstract

The scattering of waves by a buried object is often obscured by the clutter around it. Such clutter can be attributed to the scattering by random rough surfaces and random discrete scatterers. Recent studies show that, because of the memory effect, the angular correlation function can suppress the effects of clutter and make the scattering by the buried object more conspicuous. In this paper, we study the angular correlation function of wave scattering by a buried object underneath a layer of random discrete scatterers and a non-Gaussian random rough surface. Such problems are common when the target is buried below a rough surface that is underneath a layer of vegetation. Numerical results are illustrated for various parameters of rough surfaces and discrete scatterers. The angular correlation function is calculated by frequency and angular averaging. It is shown that the use of the angular correlation function can enhance target detection in the presence of clutter.     

T-matrix formulation and generalized Lorenz-Mie theories in spherical coordinates

There has been recently a growing interest in the development of what is usually known as the T-matrix method (better to be named: T-matrix formulation), in connection with studies concerning light scattering by nonspherical particles. Another line of research has been devoted to the development of generalized Lorenz-Mie theories dealing with the interaction between arbitrary electromagnetic shaped beams and some regular particles, allowing one to solve Maxwell’s equations by using a method of separation of variables. Both lines of research are conjointly considered in this paper. Results of generalized Lorenz-Mie theories in spherical coordinates (for homogeneous spheres, multilayered spheres, spheres with an eccentrically located spherical inclusion, assemblies of spheres and aggregates) are modified from scalar results in the framework of the Bromwich method to vectorial expressions using vector spherical wave functions (VSWFs) in order to match the T-matrix formulation, and to express the T-matrix. The results obtained are used as a basis to clarify statements, some of them erroneous, concerning the T-matrix formulation and to provide recommendations for better terminologies.