三维空间域多普勒功率谱及其多天线系统性能

在三维(3 dimensional,3D)空间域信道建模中,针对波达信号仰角(elevation angle,EA)在不同覆盖区散射体环境中的分布,提出了指数型EA仰角概率密度函数并对其信道特征实现建模.在假设波达信号方位谱为均匀分布时,采用近似算法在对称和非对称两种情况下导出其多普勒功率谱密度(power spectral density,PSD)闭合表达式.从分析结果可发现PSD与仰角函数式及波达信号边界角度参数βmin和βmax关系密切,并与多普勒频移密切相关.对该三维空间域中的多输入多输出(multiple input multiple output,MIMO)多天线信号衰落相关性(spatial fading correlation,SFC)进行了推导和仿真.结果表明MIMO多天线阵元间SFC与βmin和βmax关系密切,而EA仰角概率密度函数参数n对SFC影响较小.本文引入的指数型EA仰角概率密度函数可应用于多种无线通信环境下的信道参数估计,且与传统模型对比表明本模型的信道参数估计结果符合理论和经验值,拓展了对3D空间域统计信道的建模与MIMO多天线分析计算.     

基于三维空间域移动通信统计信道的多普勒效应

针对散射体均匀分布以及三维空间域(3 dimension,3D)移动通信环境,提出了3D空间统计信道模型.对在指向性天线覆盖下的室内微小区移动通信环境,模型能够估计多径衰落信道的重要空时信道参数,如波达信号在水平面以及垂直面的信号到达角度(angle of arrival,AOA)以及多普勒效应(Doppler spectra,DS)等.移动台(mobile station,MS)的移动特性会使接收信号产生多普勒效应,根据运动的相对性理论,基站(base station,BS)也会有相对运动,因此也会有多普勒效应产生.本文引入控制变量法导出三维空间域在MS以及BS端的多普勒效应,数值仿真结果与室外3D多径衰落信道对比表明,本模型的信道参数估计结果符合理论和经验,扩展了3D空间统计信道模型的研究和应用.     

多天线信道空间衰落相关性近似算法及其复杂性研究

信道空间衰落相关性(SFC)主要取决于波达信号的功率方位谱(PAS)和多天线阵列收发模式.深入研究了移动通信系统中多天线阵列SFC近似计算法及其复杂性.首先导出在典型PAS为均匀分布、高斯分布以及拉普拉斯分布下的SFC函数的闭合表达式.再研究在波达信号PAS小角度扩展时的近似计算法,建立多输入多输出(MIMO)多天线接收信道模型,深入分析所选择的天线阵列和电波传播参数对MIMO系统信道容量的影响.通过理论计算和仿真实验得出近似计算法在特定条件下具有很好的拟合度,定量分析了近似计算法在对MIMO多天线系统分析时的适用性和计算效率.该算法能极大地减低理论计算复杂性,提高分析和仿真MIMO多天线系统的效率.     

相关信道下无线光多输入多输出系统的平均容量

大气信道中,信道衰落以及天线间距的限制导致无线光多输入多输出(MIMO)系统的各光束间存在一定的相关性,这种相关性严重影响无线光通信系统的性能.基于脉冲位置调制(PPM)建立了相关信道下无线光MIMO系统的信道模型,并采用Wilkinson方法推导出对数正态衰落时无线光MIMO系统的平均信道容量.模拟结果表明:空间相关性的存在降低了系统的平均信道容量,而且随着总能量的增大,相关性带来的容量损失也增大.在完全相关信道中,发送端相关对信道容量产生的影响比接收端相关的影响更为严重.     

基于车载通信标准街道场景的电磁散射信道模型

针对室外无线信道视距(line of sight,LOS)/非视距(non-line of sight,NLOS)传输环境下的车到车(vehicular-to-vehicular,V2V)通信系统,本文提出了一种基于标准街道散射的统计信道模型,其移动发射机(mobile transmitter,MT)与移动接收机(mobile receiver,MR)处于运动状态,街道两旁分布的散射体固定.由几何模型出发又引入了一种随机的参考信道模型,其散射体有无穷多个,均以平行于街道两侧的散射条纹形式均匀分布在三维(three dimensional,3D)空间的一个二维(two dimensional,2D)矩形内部.在室外街道通信环境下,模型推导了散射信道中发射角(angle of departure,AOD)以及到达角(angle of arrival,AOA)的概率密度函数(probability density functions,PDFs)解析式;研究了多普勒功率谱密度(power spectral density,PSD)及其时间自相关函数(autocorrelation function,ACF);分析了模型多普勒参数以及街道散射体等因素对V2V通信系统性能的影响.与城市、农村的测量信道对比分析,表明本模型仿真的统计特性符合理论与实际,拓宽了室外V2V无线通信信道建模的研究.为评估室外V2V通信系统的传输特性、仿真无线通信系统提供了有力的研究工具.     

机载极化阵列多输入多输出雷达极化空时自适应处理性能分析

为进一步提升机载多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达空时自适应处理(STAP)的杂波抑制与目标检测性能,本文提出基于极化阵列MIMO雷达的极化空时自适应处理(PSTAP)方法.首先,将新型的极化阵列应用于机载MIMO雷达,建立了机载极化阵列MIMO雷达极化空时自适应处理的信号模型.然后,基于分辨格思想,将杂波影响等效为与杂波自由度相关的独立杂波点源的形式,得到极化阵列MIMO雷达极化空时自适应处理协方差矩阵的等价表示.进而,结合上述等价协方差矩阵,对极化阵列MIMO雷达极化空时自适应处理的输出信杂噪比(SCNR)性能进行了推导分析,讨论了其中极化、空、时匹配系数的影响.理论分析表明,通过利用附加的极化域信息,极化阵列MIMO雷达极化空时自适应处理相比于传统MIMO-STAP能够有效提升杂波抑制性能,更有利于慢速运动目标检测,并且目标与杂波极化参数差别越大,输出SCNR的性能改善效果越明显.仿真结果验证了本文所提极化阵列MIMO雷达极化空时自适应处理方法的有效性与优越性.     

无背景噪声时光多输入多输出系统的信道容量

信道容量是通信系统能够达到的最大传输速率,是衡量通信系统通信能力的重要指标之一。在建立了光多输入多输出(MIMO)的信道模型之后,结合脉冲位置调制(PPM)分析了光MIMO系统的平均容量和中断容量;在无背景辐射的条件下,分别推导出了有无衰落时光MIMO平均容量封闭形式的近似表达式。在相同发射功率和传输带宽条件下,得到了光MIMO技术能成倍提高现有系统信道容量的结论。通过Monte Carlo仿真实验进一步证明了理论的正确性。     

水声多输入多输出信道的分布式压缩感知估计

多输入多输出技术通过采用多个阵元进行多发多收空间复用信道可在极其有限的通信带宽下实现高速水声通信,但由于同时存在通道间干扰和多径干扰,水声MIMO信道估计变得困难。提出利用MIMO水声信道多径稀疏结构存在的相关性,在经典联合稀疏模型的基础上对MIMO观测矩阵进行重组,从而建立基于分布式压缩感知的单载波水声MIMO通信信道联合稀疏模型;同时,针对信道响应中具有相同多径位置的稀疏部分和特有稀疏部分设计区分性正交匹配追踪算法进行联合重构,进一步抑制通道间干扰的影响。最后通过仿真和海上实验进行本方法有效性的验证,实现16 kbps的MIMO水声通信。通过算法推导、仿真和实验可得到结论:利用MIMO水声信道多径相关性进行分布式压缩感知估计可提高估计性能。     

水声多输入多输出信道的分布式压缩感知估计

多输入多输出技术通过采用多个阵元进行多发多收空间复用信道可在极其有限的通信带宽下实现高速水声通信,但由于同时存在通道间干扰和多径干扰,水声MIMO信道估计变得困难。提出利用MIMO水声信道多径稀疏结构存在的相关性,在经典联合稀疏模型的基础上对MIMO观测矩阵进行重组,从而建立基于分布式压缩感知的单载波水声MIMO通信信道联合稀疏模型;同时,针对信道响应中具有相同多径位置的稀疏部分和特有稀疏部分设计区分性正交匹配追踪算法进行联合重构,进一步抑制通道间干扰的影响。最后通过仿真和海上实验进行本方法有效性的验证,实现16 kbps的MIMO水声通信。通过算法推导、仿真和实验可得到结论:利用MIMO水声信道多径相关性进行分布式压缩感知估计可提高估计性能。      

基于强度叠加编码的空间光多输入多输出通信

针对空时编码技术在空间激光通信应用中受到的限制,提出了一种基于强度叠加编码的空间光多输入多输出(MIMO)通信算法,设计了算法中使用的码元--光强码的编码和解码规则,分析了不同天线阵列组合下的系统信道容量,给出了最佳判决门限选择方法,并在此基础上计算了不同系统组成下的误码率.仿真计算表明,与单发单收系统相比,强度叠加编...     

Characterization,modeling and simulation of the MIMO propagation channel

This article deals with several aspects relative to the MIMO propagation channel. Based on simulations and/or measurements, different approaches are used to model the propagation channel. These models are useful for the MIMO system design. Several studies are performed in order to realize realistic simulation of MIMO channel. Different measurement techniques are used in characterizing the propagation channel in various environments. Measurement campaigns made in different situations have been analyzed to obtain the relevant statistical parameters of the channel. Simulation of MIMO channel is then presented. Measurement and simulation results provide an evaluation of the capacity of MIMO channel. Obtained results show feasibility in the integration of MIMO techniques in practical wireless communication systems.     

混合分集多天线系统基于相关性的分析信道建模

在考虑正交极化子信道之间相关性的前提下,指出传统分析模型无法体现极化方向对相关性的影响,并提出一种新的建模理论对传统模型进行修改补充;然后指出传统模型中使用天线在距离分集和极化分集情况下的相关系数来计算混合分集情况下的相关系数是一种不够准确的近似方法,提出直接利用天线处于混合分集情况下的统计数据进行建模,这种新的模型可以准确复现子信道间的相关系数,满足高精度的需求. 关键词： 多输入多输出系统(MIMO) 信道模型 分析模型 相关系数     

任意分集方式多输入多输出无线通信系统的统计信道建模

针对极化分集多输入多输出系统的传统统计模型存 在着对不同极化方向上的功率变化设置不合理的问题, 提出一种功率矩阵对其进行纠正; 对采用不同分集方式的多输入多输出系统信道建模的原理进行分析, 提出对功率矩阵和相关矩阵进行复合计算的方法, 建立了一种适用于任意分集方式多输入多输出系统的统计信道模型, 该模型能够确切反映出同时受到距离分集和极化分集影响的多输入多输出系统之统计特征.     

Free probability based capacity calculation of multiantenna Gaussian fading channels with cochannel interference

During the last decade, it has been well understood that communication over multiple antennas can increase linearly the multiplexing capacity gain and provide large spectral efficiency improvements. However, the majority of studies in this area were carried out ignoring cochannel interference. Only a small number of investigations have considered cochannel interference, but even therein simple channel models were employed, assuming identically distributed fading coefficients. In this paper, a generic model for a multiantenna channel is presented incorporating four impairments, namely additive white Gaussian noise, flat fading, path loss and cochannel interference. Both point-to-point and multiple-access MIMO channels are considered, including the case of cooperating Base Station clusters. The asymptotic capacity limit of this channel is calculated based on an asymptotic free probability approach which exploits the additive and multiplicative free convolution in the R- and S-transform domains, respectively, as well as properties of the η and Stieltjes transform. Numerical results are utilized to verify the accuracy of the derived closed-form expressions and evaluate the effect of the cochannel interference.     

Deep Task-Based Quantization

Quantizers play a critical role in digital signal processing systems. Recent works have shown that the performance of acquiring multiple analog signals using scalar analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) can be significantly improved by processing the signals prior to quantization. However, the design of such hybrid quantizers is quite complex, and their implementation requires complete knowledge of the statistical model of the analog signal. In this work we design data-driven task-oriented quantization systems with scalar ADCs, which determine their analog-to-digital mapping using deep learning tools. These mappings are designed to facilitate the task of recovering underlying information from the quantized signals. By using deep learning, we circumvent the need to explicitly recover the system model and to find the proper quantization rule for it. Our main target application is multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication receivers, which simultaneously acquire a set of analog signals, and are commonly subject to constraints on the number of bits. Our results indicate that, in a MIMO channel estimation setup, the proposed deep task-bask quantizer is capable of approaching the optimal performance limits dictated by indirect rate-distortion theory, achievable using vector quantizers and requiring complete knowledge of the underlying statistical model. Furthermore, for a symbol detection scenario, it is demonstrated that the proposed approach can realize reliable bit-efficient hybrid MIMO receivers capable of setting their quantization rule in light of the task.     

Shannon information capacity of time reversal wideband multiple-input multiple-output system based on correlated statistical channels

Utilizing channel reciprocity, time reversal(TR) technique increases the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) at the receiver with very low transmitter complexity in complex multipath environment. Present research works about TR multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) communication all focus on the system implementation and network building. The aim of this work is to analyze the influence of antenna coupling on the capacity of wideband TR MIMO system, which is a realistic question in designing a practical communication system. It turns out that antenna coupling stabilizes the capacity in a small variation range with statistical wideband channel response. Meanwhile, antenna coupling only causes a slight detriment to the channel capacity in a wideband TR MIMO system. Comparatively, uncorrelated stochastic channels without coupling exhibit a wider range of random capacity distribution which greatly depends on the statistical channel. The conclusions drawn from information difference entropy theory provide a guideline for designing better high-performance wideband TR MIMO communication systems.     

Error probability of the data transmission in mimo systems with space-division multiple access in Rayleigh fading environments

We consider multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems with adaptive antenna arrays at both ends of the link in which the data transmission is performed via parallel eigenchannels matched to the random spatial channel. The effectiveness of the projection method of space-division multiple access is studied. The method does not require estimation of the arrival directions of signals and is based on orthogonalization of all eigenchannels. Exact analytical expressions are obtained for the bit-error probability during the data transmission via the channel with uncorrelated Rayleigh fading of signals in an MIMO system with an arbitrary number of users and antennas. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 49, No. 9, pp. 816–828, September 2006.     

Resource allocation in relay-assisted MIMO MAC systems with statistical CSI

In this work, the issue of non-cooperative resource allocation in the uplink of a relay-assisted MIMO MAC (multiple input multiple output multiple access channel) system with statistical CSI (channel state information) is considered. The mobile transmitters pursue individual achievable ergodic rate maximization, whereas the relay aims at optimizing the global performance of the system. The problem is formulated as a Stackelberg game with the relay as the leader, and the multiple access users as the followers. Moreover, necessary and sufficient conditions for beamforming optimality at the relay are derived, which simplifies the resource allocation process. Finally, numerical results corroborate the theoretical findings.