自由振荡钕玻璃激光照射下LY12铝靶的喷溅和吸收波现象

本文研究了在自由振荡钕玻璃激光照射下LY12铝靶产生喷溅的物理机制及特性。这种幅度与时间无规律变化的激光序列尖峰脉冲的单个脉冲宽度约2μs，脉冲间隔约5μs。在这些脉冲作用下产生的喷溅过程也呈现相应的序列特性。在10^7W／cm^2的激光平均功率密度下，个别的尖峰脉冲功率密度可大于10^8W／cm^2。用分幅和扫描高速相机分别测量速度较低的喷溅物汽化运动图象，观察到了以7．7mm／μs的速度逆着入射激光方向传播的靶蒸汽和等离子体的喷溅过程，这相应于激光吸收波现象，并发现有屏蔽效应。     

超短超强激光与固体靶相互作用中背表面光发射的实验研究

从金属箔背表面测量了超热电子穿越固体靶产生的光发射.光发射积分成像图案呈圆环状，在圆环边缘附近出现局部化明亮光信号确定为光学渡越辐射；光发射光谱在300—500nm之间出现一系列非周期锐利尖峰，在400nm（2ω）附近的尖峰较明显，这个光发射取决于v×B加 热机制产生的超热电子束的微束团引起的相干渡越辐射，(v为电子电度，B为磁场强度)，光 强随靶厚度的增加而减小. 关键词： 超热电子 光发射 光学渡越辐射 v×B加热机制 相干渡越辐射     

飞秒激光-固体靶相互作用中渡越辐射的测量

 为了探索超热电子的加热机制，利用光学CCD相机和OMA光学多道分析仪，分别在靶背法线方向测量了光学渡越辐射（OTR）积分成像图案和光谱。实验在100 TW掺钛蓝宝石激光器上进行，飞秒激光与铜膜靶作用后，靶表面发光信号由空间分辨装置聚焦成像并引到CCD或OMA谱仪的狭缝上。测得的积分成像图案呈圆环状，光斑形成区域直径约为225 μm，在圆环边缘附近出现局部化明亮光信号，该现象表明，超热电子在传输的过程中存在成丝效应，其分布也不均匀。光谱在300～500 nm之间出现一系列非周期锐利尖峰，在400 nm（2ω0）附近出现的尖峰应归因于v×B加热机制产生的超热电子引起的相干渡越辐射（CTR）。     

局部激励法产生靶波来消除螺旋波

提出采用局部激励方法产生靶波来消除抑制激发介质中的漂移(和稳定的)螺旋波．通过在系统中任意选择一个格点进行采样，将采样格点信号反馈到系统局部区域可产生一个稳定的靶波．数值计算表明：该方法可以消除均匀和非均匀介质(扩散系数随时间或空间变化)中的螺旋波(稳定旋转的螺旋波和漂移的螺旋波)，并且对于时空噪声具有一定的抗干扰性．     

基于XUV激光脉冲和反应显微成像技术的原子分子光物理实验平台

基于高次谐波技术的超快激光系统可以通过控制脉冲时序实现对目标量子态的精准操控，反应显微成像谱仪实现了4π立体角内对量子少体碰撞过程的准确测量，两项先进系统的结合将极大拓展量子少体动力学研究的领域。目前，高次谐波的单频选择至关重要，同时反应显微成像谱仪的分辨率受真空度及冷靶分散度的影响较大。中国科学院近代物理研究所通过采用多级差分、钛真空靶室的设计，使得谱仪的真空度达到10–11 mbar量级，有效降低了本底噪声的影响；升级改造传统超音速冷靶系统的靶束产生装置，实现了靶厚度的自由调控，大大提高了探测器记录事件的准确性；本实验平台结合高次谐波产生多阶XUV脉冲单能化技术，实现了单能XUV超快激光系统和反应显微成像谱仪成功结合，该系统可以产生能量范围在20~100 eV之间的XUV脉冲，能够研究电离能或解离能在100 eV以下的原子分子动力学过程。     

叠靶研究

 直线感应加速器（LIA）产生的高能、强流电子束与轫致辐射靶作用能够产生具有高剂量、小焦斑的X光，但伴随产生的回流离子会导致电子束束斑变大与X光分辨率降低，在多脉冲情况下更会影响到后续电子束的束靶作用等。叠靶结构能够增大束靶作用的立体空间，降低在靶面的能量沉积，可有效抑制回流离子的产生。对叠靶结构模型进行了理论计算与实验研究，并与单靶情况相比较，证实了在两种靶结构下所得到的X光照射量大小与角分布基本相同，但对于叠靶情况下靶面没有出现烧蚀现象，从而从根本上抑制了由靶面产生回流离子而对束流产生的过聚焦效应。     

超短脉冲激光辐照固体靶背向光发射的测量

利用光学CCD相机和OMA光学多道分析仪,分别在金属箔背表面法线方向测量了光发射的积分成像光谱和散射光光谱。积分成像光谱测量结果显示,光谱呈圆环状,在圆环边缘附近出现局部化明亮光信号确定为超热电子输运穿越固体靶引起的光学渡越辐射(OTR);散射光光谱测量结果显示,光谱在300～500 nm之间出现一系列非周期锐利尖峰,在400 nm(2ω)附近出现的尖峰归结于v×B加热机制产生的超热电子束中的聚束引起的相干渡越辐射(CTR)。渡越辐射光强随靶厚度的增加而减小。     

蒸汽羽等离子体对入射激光吸收的研究

继用高速摄影技术对自由振荡钕玻璃激光与Ly12铝靶相互作用产生的蒸汽羽的传播及其特性进行研究之后,又定量研究了它的吸收屏蔽效应。实验表明,在0.7～1.6×10~7W/cm^2的激光功率密度下,其光学厚度最高可达1.2。蒸汽羽等离子体对入射激光的吸收与辐照靶的功率密度成正比,在距靶面3mm处比9mm处吸收强。实验获得了吸收随序列尖峰脉冲时间的变化曲线。     

蒸汽羽等离子体对入射激光吸收的研究

继用高速摄影技术对自由振荡钕玻璃激光与Ly12铝靶相互作用产生的蒸汽羽的传播及其特性进行研究之后,又定量研究了它的吸收屏蔽效应。实验表明,在0.7～1.6×10~7W/cm~2的激光功率密度下,其光学厚度最高可达1.2。蒸汽羽等离子体对入射激光的吸收与辐照靶的功率密度成正比,在距靶面3mm处比9mm处吸收强。实验获得了吸收随序列尖峰脉冲时间的变化曲线。     

ICF靶支撑定位机器人系统研究

 在对惯性约束核聚变(ICF)靶支撑定位功能分析的基础上，设计并制造了一套用于靶精密定位机器人系统，主要包括靶库机构、换靶机构、送靶机构和6自由度精密并联机器人机构，论述了各部分的工作原理和组成。系统在末端采用并联机器人来实现对靶的精密定位，测试了靶场环境下系统的运动指标。测试结果显示：系统可在真空条件下实现对靶的精确定位、换靶、送靶工作，靶定位精度达到μm级，定位时间随精度的提高而延长。     

Statistics of the self-mixing speckle interference in a laser diode and its application to the measurement of flow velocity

The statistical analysis of self-mixing speckles interference using Fabry-Perot cavity is described based on the theory of the speckle and the self-mixing interference in a laser diode. Speckle signal processing based on Fourier transform is presented in this paper. The linear dependence between the spectrum mean frequency and velocity of solution is given by simulation and proved by experiment. The experimental results show that this speckle signal processing can be used to measure velocity of target.     

Anomalous intensity of pinned speckles at high adaptive correction

Ground-based optical searches for faint stellar or planetary companions about other stars may be limited by speckle noise, which is the rapid intensity fluctuations that are due to motions of remnant atmospheric speckles. Adaptive optics (AO) can reduce residual wave-front phase errors to low values, substantially reducing the unwanted power in the speckle halo. At high correction, however, the noise in the halo will be dominated by anomalously bright "pinned" speckles that have a number of unusual properties. They can have negative intensities and will appear in spatially antisymmetric patterns; they are spatially pinned to Airy rings and have zero mean in a sufficiently long integration. Some of these properties may be used to reduce the unanticipated effect of pinned speckles on companion searches, depending on details of the AO system. But, in short exposures, pinned speckles dominate speckle noise over much of the inner halo for Strehl ratios S as low as 0.6 and over much of the outer halo too as Strehl and deformable-mirror actuator densities increase. I show that these anomalously bright pinned speckles are not included in the traditional expression for speckle power in an image, (1 - S), on which sensitivity estimates of future high-performance AO systems have been based.     

Dynamic properties of speckled speckles with relation to velocity measurements of a diffuse object

This paper investigates, experimentally, the dynamic properties of triply-scattered speckled speckles and their application to the velocity measurement of a moving diffuse object, which is behind a transparent diffuse screen. The comparison between triply-scattered speckled speckles and singly-scattered normal speckles shows that the triply-scattered speckle pattern has a high degree of randomness in the spatial domain and that its time-varying intensity fluctuations have a rate 72 times that of the normal speckle case in the temporal domain. Consequently, a velocimeter using the triply-scattered speckles can measure the object velocity with a greatly reduced measuring time than when using normal speckles.     

电子显微镜散斑照相技术

提出了一种新颖的人工亚微米/纳米散斑制作技术.采用超声波分散亚微米/纳米颗粒,然后利用范德华力、静电力和毛细力将其吸附在试件表面.在特定分辨率的扫描电镜下,物体表面的亚微米/纳米颗粒可以看作是亚微米/纳米散斑.此外,发展了一种测量面内亚微米/纳米级变形的电子显微镜散斑照相技术.详细介绍了人工制作亚微米/纳米散斑和电子显微镜散斑照相技术,实验验证了技术的可行性     

Quality assessment of speckle patterns for digital image correlation

Digital image correlation (DIC) is an optical–numerical full-field displacement measuring technique, which is nowadays widely used in the domain of experimental mechanics. The technique is based on a comparison between pictures taken during loading of an object. For an optimal use of the method, the object of interest has to be covered with painted speckles. In the present paper, a comparison is made between three different speckle patterns originated by the same reference speckle pattern. A method is presented for the determination of the speckle size distribution of the speckle patterns, using image morphology. The images of the speckle patterns are numerically deformed based on a finite element simulation. Subsequently, the displacements are measured with DIC-software and compared to the imposed ones. It is shown that the size of the speckles combined with the size of the used pixel subset clearly influences the accuracy of the measured displacements.     

三温区溶质传输助熔剂法生长BaTiO_3晶体

ＢａＴｉＯ３晶体新的生长方法，即感应加热三温区溶质传输熔剂法。其要点使高温熔体分为三个温区，坩埚顶部为生长区（Ａ区），温度最低，坩埚底部为溶解区（Ｃ区），温度高于生长区，营养料置于此区，坩埚中部为高温区（Ｂ区），在此区将杂晶熔解。还阐述了此法的机理，调试创造了稳定适宜的三温区温场。用此法生长出了优质ＳＴｉＯ３大单晶，尺寸达３０×３０×１５ｍｍ，并初步观测了其畴结构形貌，实验测定了晶格常数和居里点。     

基于动态散斑时频特性的合作目标微动参数反演

基于激光动态散斑的时频信号,建立了一套适用于角反射器阵列的微动参数反演算法。首先利用物理光学方法推导了角反射器及角反射器阵列激光散斑的实时强度公式,然后基于短时傅里叶变换研究了散斑功率谱形成机制及其数字特征,最后提出了频谱相关法及时频-相幅变换算法,并采用该方法提取了动态散斑时频谱线周期及振幅分布,反演了三种典型运动状态下目标的自旋周期及旋转轴指向。结果表明:基于几个周期的散斑强度序列,所提反演算法可以得到高精度的旋转周期及视线角,但对旋转轴方位角的反演精度相对较差,需要更多的观测数据才能得到满意的结果。     

数字剪切散班干涉术中的刚体位移补偿的新方法

给出一个数字剪切散斑干涉术中的刚体位移补偿的新方法。当刚体位移大于一个像素时，加载前后的散斑图将会由于位置的变化导致失相关。重新安排每一个像素将会克服此失相关。散斑平均、条纹重构以及迭代方法用来改善条纹质量，消除散斑噪声，最后得到可取结果。     

Extremal Properties for Weakly Correlated Random Variables Arising in Speckle Patterns

Extremal properties of the statistics of speckle pattern are studied in the context of so-called “optically smoothed” light beams of laser-matter interaction. It is shown that the asymptotic statistics of the highest intensity in a speckle pattern, which can be associated with the most intense speckles, follows a Gumbel law, which is in agreement with numerical simulations. It is found that the probability density function of the most intense speckle peaks around the value corresponding to the logarithm of the number of speckles in the considered volume times the average intensity value of the speckle pattern. This result is of great interest for nonlinear processes, like instabilities, where extreme speckles play an important role.     

Point-wise and whole-field laser speckle intensity fluctuation measurements applied to botanical specimens

Based on multi-scattering speckle theory, the speckle fields generated by plant specimens irradiated by laser light have been studied using a pointwise method. In addition, a whole-field method has been developed with which entire botanical specimens may be studied. Results are reported from measurements made on tomato and apple fruits, orange peel, leaves of tobacco seedlings, leaves of shihu seedlings (a Chinese medicinal herb), soy-bean sprouts, and leaves from an unidentified trailing houseplant. Although differences where observed in the temporal fluctuations of speckles that could be ascribed to differences in age and vitality, the growing tip of the bean sprout and the shihu seedling both generated virtually stationary speckles such as were observed from boiled orange peel and from localised heat-damaged regions on apple fruit. Our results suggest that both the identity of the botanical specimen and the site at which measurements are taken are likely to critically affect the observation or otherwise of temporal fluctuations of laser speckles.