卧式低温液体贮罐电加热增压排放数值模拟

针对卧式液氧贮罐电加热排放过程,对其内部的物理场进行了数值模拟,分析了流体的流动对温度分层的影响以及温度分层现象的成因。研究结果表明,在电加热增压排放过程中,贮罐内部在竖直方向上存在明显的温度分层现象,大体上呈现出了平缓的递增趋势,但是由于加热壁面的扰动及冷热流体之间的换热影响,中间区域出现了比较大的梯度分布,导致了贮罐内部压力的上升。在浮升力的驱动下,贮罐内壁和加热壁面之间的液氧呈现出了近似于封闭腔内自然对流的流动状态,并且随着排放的进行,加热壁面和贮罐内壁之间的漩涡会进一步分裂成更小更复杂的漩涡,呈现出复杂的流动状态。     

ICF靶丸中液氢层厚度的确定

 利用靶丸内部的质量守恒，提出了计算惯性约束聚变靶丸内液氢层厚度的函数关系式，从而得到了求解惯性约束聚变靶丸内液氢层厚度的一般模型，并在此基础上对影响液氢层厚度的各类因素如温度、充气密度等进行了讨论。该模型的分析方法同样适用于惯性约束聚变中的燃料气体氘、氚或者氘氚混合物。     

等温环境中激光惯性约束聚变冷冻靶丸内部液氢层分布（已撤稿）

叙述了低温等温情况下,重力和界面张力平衡的激光惯性约束聚变靶丸内表面液氢层分布的Young-Laplace(YL)方程.为了得到靶丸壳内连续液氢层分布的有效解,考虑了液体与固体(衬底)分子间的London-van der Waals力以及该力的迟滞影响.计算结果表明,只有在靶丸内部引力为零或者固体液体分子间的London常量为无穷大时,才能得到等温环境中有均匀厚度的连续液氢层. 关键词： 温度     

顶部漏热低温贮罐温度分层研究

通过实验研究了顶部受热低温贮罐中低温流体温度分层、压力变化情况,并进行了理论计算。研究结果显示,在静置过程中贮罐在顶部漏热时气相空间温度分层较为显著,且由于顶部的持续漏热,气相空间的温度梯度一直存在;液相的温度梯度曲线与误差函数曲线一致;贮罐的压力可分为两部分:初始的快速增压和之后的稳定增压阶段;随着静置时间的增加,液体温度分层更加明显,贮罐气枕压力逐渐变大。该研究为确定贮罐安全贮存增压压力和贮存时间提供技术依据,为工程实际应用提供支撑。     

带嵌件型腔内熔接过程的数值模拟研究

基于充模过程的两相黏弹性流体模型, 采用同位网格有限体积法, 结合浸入边界法和界面追踪的复合水平集流体体积方法实现了带嵌件型腔内充模过程的动态模拟. 基于上述模型和算法模拟了熔体前沿界面及熔接线的动态演化过程, 而且通过线性应力-光学定律得到了熔接线附近的流动诱导应力分布情况; 讨论了熔体温度及模具温度对熔接线区域凝固层厚度的影响. 数值结果表明: 本文提出的方法可用于模拟复杂型腔内的充模过程以及熔接线的自动追踪; 由于聚合物黏弹性熔体流动的复杂性, 当两股熔体相遇后, 熔接线不同位置的应力分布变化较大; 熔体或模具温度越高, 熔接线区域凝固层厚度越薄, 提高熔体或模具温度能够改善甚至消除充模过程中的熔接线.     

气流床煤气化炉炉壁渣层流动与传热模拟

本文对气流床煤气化炉内高温合成气和渣层的流动、换热、相变过程进行了分析,在合理简化和假设的基础上建立了描述渣层流动、热质传递和相变的渣层数理模型.通过对气化炉内气固两相流和化学反应的模拟,得到灰渣颗粒在气化炉壁面的沉积率,进而对所建立的模型应用SIMPLE算法进行了求解,获得了气化炉壁面灰渣流动、传热和相变过程的数值模拟结果.结果表明:壁面温度对渣层厚度的影响较炉膛温度要大得多;当壁面温度不变时,炉膛温度增加,固态渣层厚度减少;炉膛温度不变时,壁面温度降低,固态渣层厚度增加.     

940 nm垂直腔面发射激光器单管器件的设计与制备

计算了InGaAs/AlGaAs量子阱的激射波长与阱垒厚度的关系,并通过Rsoft软件计算了不同温度下的材料增益特性.计算并分析了渐变层厚度对分布布拉格反射镜(distributed Bragg reflectors,DBRs)势垒尖峰及反射谱的影响,通过传输矩阵理论得到P-DBR和N-DBR的反射谱和相位谱.模拟了垂直腔面发射激光器(vertical surface emitting lasers,VCSEL)结构整体的光场分布,驻波波峰与量子阱位置符合,基于有限元分析模拟了氧化层对电流限制的影响.通过计算光子晶体垂直腔面发射激光器(photonic crystal vertical cavity surface emitting lasers,PC-VCSEL)中不同的模式分布及其品质因子Q,证明该结构可以有效地实现基横模输出.通过光刻、刻蚀、沉积、剥离等半导体工艺成功制备出氧化孔径为22μm的VCSEL和PC-VCSEL,VCSEL的阈值电流为5.2 mA,斜率效率0.67 mW/mA,在不同电流光谱测试中均是明显的多横模输出;PC-VCSEL的阈值电流为6.5 mA,基横模输出...     

尘埃颗粒与等离子体鞘层相互作用的数值模拟

通过求解一维稳态的尘埃等离子体鞘层模型,得到了等离子体鞘层势、正离子密度、电子密度和尘埃颗粒密度随一维横向的分布,Bohm判据及鞘层边界无量纲Bohm速度随尘埃密度的变化曲线,尘埃颗粒的带电量和尘埃密度的关系,尘埃颗粒的温度对尘埃颗粒自身在鞘层中分布的影响。结果表明,随着尘埃密度的增加,鞘层的厚度在减小,鞘层内的电子密度在下降,而且尘埃颗粒的带电量也在逐渐减少;随着尘埃温度的增加,鞘层的厚度减小,电子密度下降,而且鞘层附近的尘埃颗粒在逐渐增多。     

氧箱冷氦气瓶加注和增压系统仿真计算及分析

冷氦增压系统是低温液体推进系统的关键技术之一。利用仿真软件Sinda/Fluint,对氧箱冷氦增压系统的冷氦气瓶加注过程和系统增压过程进行了基于集总参数法的建模与计算分析。首先,对冷氦气瓶加注过程给出了最优加注流量,并分析了气瓶内温度压力达到稳定所需的时间、冷氦气瓶充气过程瓶内最高温度以及气瓶与周围液氧的传热;其次,针对冷氦增压系统,详细研究了两种气瓶布局条件下,贮箱增压过程中冷氦气瓶温度、压力随时间的变化,以及氧箱内气枕与液氧的温度、压力变化情况;最后,还对增压过程中的氦气流量、传热特性进行了研究。     

涡旋压缩机涡旋齿温度分布与变形研究

涡旋压缩机工作过程中涡旋盘的固体温度分布规律,对涡旋齿的受力变形和工作腔内气体的增压过程影响极大;为了得到更为准确的涡旋齿温度分布规律和变形特点,本文建立了涡旋压缩机涡旋齿温度分布模型;研究涡旋齿所接触的气体温度的周期性变化规律,计算任意位置处涡旋齿壁的等效温度;采用气体与涡旋齿壁的对流换热模型,得到涡旋齿壁面温度的分布,以此为热边界条件得到涡旋盘固体温度分布规律;进而研究了涡旋齿在热载荷和压力载荷耦合下的受力和变形规律。结果表明:涡旋齿从中心向外缘其温度逐渐减小,涡旋齿内侧齿壁温度高于外侧齿壁温度。     

液氢贮箱零蒸发数值模拟与分析

采用CFD技术,对处于微重力下的零蒸发(ZBO)液氢贮箱内采用喷嘴棒强迫混合的流场进行稳态数值模拟,建立了二维轴对称模型,预测了在不同几何参数下贮箱内温度场及速度场分布情况。研究表明,喷嘴棒伸入贮箱长度、入口直径等因素均会对系统内温度场产生影响。贮箱内平均温度和最大温度随喷嘴棒长度和入口直径的增大而减小,而喷口直径对贮箱内温度场影响不明显。由上述可以看出,通过增大入口直径、选择合适的喷嘴棒伸入长度,可以改善系统性能。     

液体火箭发动机液氧箱与预冷回路的耦合计算模型

建立了液体火箭发动机的液氧贮箱与底部预冷回路的数值计算耦合模型,模拟了地面停放过程中贮箱与底部预冷回路的三维非稳态两相流动与传热过程,分析了自然循环预冷条件下液氧贮箱和底部预冷回路中的三维物理场分布及随时间变化规律。结果表明:随着停放时间的增加,液氧的蒸发量增加,停放中后期贮箱内的热传递基本趋于稳定。回流管内的气化导致回流口处的温度一直呈现波动。     

A novel combustion system for liquid fuel evaporating and burning

To utilize sustainable biofuel, the current study proposes a novel combustion technique that directly burns liquid ethanol without a spray system. Two swirling air flows are induced by tangentially injected the gas from two concentric tubes at different stages. The liquid ethanol is fed by a liquid tank at the center. At the beginning methane flame assists in preheating the system to vaporize liquid ethanol and ignite the vapor. Thereafter methane is switched off, and liquid ethanol can be continuously vaporized through self-burning released heat. The heat and mass transfer processes are examined to illustrate such self-sustained burning–heating–evaporating system. The ethanol flow rate is gradually increased to provide different heat output. The flame structures, temperature distributions and pollutant emissions are carefully examined. The results show that the ethanol can be steadily burned to provide heat output between 0.7 and 2.5?kW. Generally a blue flame is obtained, and the NO_x and CO concentrations are ultralow. By increasing ethanol flow rate to exceed 8?mL/min, an unsteady, sooting flame is observed owing to incomplete evaporation and poor mixing. A parametric study is conducted to evaluate the influences of liquid tank position, flow rate and tip structure on the combustion characteristics. Additionally, an optimal operation condition is proposed. The current study provides a promising method to burn low-boiling liquid fuel in a clean, efficient and compact way.     

Thermocapillary deformation of a thin locally heated horizontal liquid layer

In this paper, steady thermocapillary flow in a thin horizontal layer of a viscous incompressible liquid with a free surface is considered. An axially symmetric steady problem with a localized thermal action on a horizontal liquid layer with a deformable free surface is solved in a thin-layer approximation. In addition to the thermocapillary effect, the model takes into account the capillary pressure caused by the free surface variable curvature and the convective mechanism of heat transfer in the liquid. Analytical expressions for the velocity vector components as functions of the liquid layer thickness and surface temperature are obtained. The free surface and velocity profiles caused by various kinds of heating are calculated. The influence of convective heat transfer on the flow pattern is analyzed.     

A liquid hydrogen source of ultra-cold neutrons

A liquid hydrogen source of ultra-cold neutrons (UCN) developed for an experimental search for the electric dipole moment of the neutron is described. The results of an investigation of the yield of UCN from gaseous, liquid, and solid hydrogen as a function of temperature are presented. The UCN counting rate obtained at the output of the 6 × 7 cm² neutron guide tube is 5 × 10⁴ n/s. This counting rate corresponds to a flux of neutrons whose velocity along the axis of the neutron guide tube is below 7 m/s. Preliminary measurements of the UCN yield from liquid and solid deuterium have been carried out.     

Interaction between coherent structures and surface temperature and its effect on ground heat flux in an unstably stratified boundary layer

Surface layer plumes, thermals, downdrafts and roll vortices are the most prominent coherent structures in an unstably stratified boundary layer. They contribute most of the temperature and vertical velocity variance, and their time scales increase with height. The effects of these multi-scale structures (surface layer plumes scale with surface layer depth, thermals scale with boundary layer height and the resulting roll vortices scale with convective time scale) on the surface temperature and ground heat flux were studied using turbulence measurements throughout the atmospheric boundary layer and the surface temperature measurements from an infrared camera. Plumes and thermals imprint on the surface temperature as warm structures and downdrafts imprint as cold structures. The air temperature trace shows a ramp-like pattern, with small ramps overlaid on a large ramp very close to the surface; on the other hand, surface temperature gradually increases and decreases. Turbulent heat flux and ground heat flux show similar patterns, with the former lagging the latter. The maximum values of turbulent heat flux and ground heat flux are 4 and 1.2 times the respective mean values during the ejection event. Surface temperature fluctuations follow a similar power-law exponent relationship with stability as suggested by surface layer similarity theory.     

云计算下石油化工罐区储罐液仪表设计与实现

近年来,随着我国互联网云计算的不断发展,云计算技术被应用于诸多领域。针对传统石油化工领域中储罐液仪表存在的罐内压力检测精准度差、温度感应灵敏度低与储罐液状态数据分析面窄等问题,提出云计算下石油化工罐区储罐液仪表设计。通过大数据运算核心进行框架构建,在此基础上,采用PCJD气流密度差算法、微感热源运算单元与数据流云算技术,对传统储罐液仪表进行设计改进,从问题的根源进行针对性解决。仿真对比试验证明,提出的云计算下石油化工罐区储罐液仪表设计,具有罐内液压力数据反馈精准度高,温度感应灵敏度高、储罐液综合数据分析速度快、数据分析完整度高等优点。     

液氢加注系统中过滤器漏热故障仿真与分析

液氢管道输送需要在极低温度下进行,需要较高的保温措施,而且出现漏热故障的时候将十分危险。发生漏热后的液氢会迅速产生气液两相流,其对加注系统中的器件造成很大的冲击与危害,造成加注系统损坏等事故。因此,对液氢加注系统进行仿真研究有着重要的作用。而过滤器漏热的影响大约是管道漏热的三倍,所以研究过滤器漏热更具有防范风险的指导意义。本文依据AMEsim工程仿真软件,对液氢加注系统进行建模与仿真,并置入过滤器故障仿真进行对比与分析。     

Effect of convection and heat conduction on the laser gain in a nonequilibrium recombinational hydrogen wall plasma

The effect of a conducting body with a large heat capacity on the thermal state of a hydrogen plasma in the boundary surface layer is analyzed. It is shown that, under certain conditions, the energy accumulated in the plasma within the boundary layer can be efficiently transferred to the conducting body; this leads to plasma overcooling. The mathematical model of plasma incorporates mechanisms for convective heat exchange and heat conduction. The possibility is analyzed of the existence of nonequilibrium recombination states with inverse population in the overcooled wall plasma. It is shown that the maximum gain (a few tenths of cm^?1) on hydrogen nuclei is achieved at the 3-2 transition for the following initial parameters: the plasma pressure is 1–3 atm, the plasma temperature is 0.5 eV, the tungsten surface temperature is 300 K, and the body radius is 0.5–1.0 m.     

The kinetics of Cr layer coated on TiNi films for hydrogen absorption

The effect of hydrogen absorption on electrical resistance with temperature for TiNi and TiNi-Cr thin films was investigated. The TiNi thin films of thickness 800 Å were deposited at different angles (? = 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 75°) under 10^?5 Torr pressure by thermal evaporation on the glass substrate at room temperature. A layer of Cr of thickness 100 Å was coated on the TiNi thin films. The changing rate of hydrogen absorption increases after Cr layer coating because Cr enhances the catalytic properties of hydrogen absorption in thin films. The rate of hydrogen absorption increases with temperature at lower range but at higher range of temperature it was found to decrease and also it was found that the hydrogen absorption increases with angle of deposition.