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1.
A numerical method is developed to analyse and to correct the diffraction effect in the measurement of acoustic nonlinearity parameter B/A at high frequencies. By using the KZK nonlinear equation and the superposition approach of Gaussian beams, an analytical model is derived to describe the second harmonic generation through multi-layer medium SiO2/liquid specimen/SiO2. Frequency dependence of the nonlinear characterization curve for water in 110-155 MHz is numerically and experimentally investigated. With the measured dip position and the new modal, values of B/A for water are evaluated. The results show that the present method can effectively correct the diffraction effect in the measurement.  相似文献   

2.
In this paper the expression of the excess molar isentropic compressibility of liquid mixture andthe formula for sound velocity in a mixture of weak interaction are suggested.The sound velocities inthirty six binary liquid mixtures of weak interaction are calculated.The result shows that the agree-ment between calculated and experimental values of sound velocity is quite satisfactory.The pheno-menon for minimum sound velocity in binary liquid mixtures is explained with the help of the formulafor sound velocity.  相似文献   

3.
Based on the Fenlon‘s theory the parametric effects in fluids due to the nonlinear interaction of a lowfrequency pumping wave and a high frequency probing wave are analysed.The expressions of pressureamplitude of sum or difference frequency sideband and the fromula of nonlinearity parameter B/A forlossy medium are derived.Theoretical calculation demonstrated,that the sideband componentsincrease linearly with pump signal.Therefore,a method for determination of B/A is provided and the val-ues for several biological fluids and mixtures are measured.  相似文献   

4.
Based on an equivalent medium approach,this paper presents a model describing the nonlinear propagation of acoustic waves in a viscoelastic medium containing cylindrical micropores.The influences of pores’ nonlinear oscillations on sound attenuation,sound dispersion and an equivalent acoustic nonlinearity parameter are discussed.The calculated results show that the attenuation increases with an increasing volume fraction of micropores.The peak of sound velocity and attenuation occurs at the resonant frequency of the micropores while the peak of the equivalent acoustic nonlinearity parameter occurs at the half of the resonant frequency of the micropores.Furthermore,multiple scattering has been taken into account,which leads to a modification to the effective wave number in the equivalent medium approach.We find that these linear and nonlinear acoustic parameters need to be corrected when the volume fraction of micropores is larger than 0.1%.  相似文献   

5.
张喆  陈功  章东 《中国物理 B》2014,(5):337-342
Exploring new acoustic parameters is essential to develop a noninvasive imaging technique for the surgery of silicone oil tamponades. In this study, the acoustic nonlinearity parameters B/A of varied silicone oil samples(e.g., linear or hyperbranched) are experimentally measured by using a modified thermodynamic method. The results show that:(i) when the concentration of the silicone oil with a molecular weight of 5 × 104increases from 0.5 g/100 ml to 8 g/100 ml, the corresponding B/A value increases by about 18%, but the acoustic velocity only increases by about 0.1%;(ii) when the molecular weight of the hyper-branched silicone oil is enhanced from 2 × 105to 1 × 106, the B/A value increases by about22%, while the acoustic velocity is only raised by about 0.2%. This study suggests that the B/A parameter of the silicone oil is more sensitive to the change in its molecular structure than that of the acoustic velocity. Thus, the B/A parameter might be utilized as an effective index for the development and optimization of the noninvasive imaging of the surgery of silicone oil tamponades.  相似文献   

6.
A new kind of non-contact linear actuator (motor) driven by surface acoustic waves (SAWs) is presented, in which the stators are made from SAW delay lines using 128° YX-LiNbO3 substrates. A fluid layer is introduced between the slider and the stator of the actuator, and the slider is a circular aluminum disk suspended on the surface of the liquid (water) layer. As the SAW is excited on the stator, the SAW is converted to a leaky wave in the interface of the stator and the liquid, and then propagates into the liquid. Owing to the nonlinear effect of wave propagation, acoustic streaming is generated, which pushes the slider to move. By the experiments, the relations between the slider velocity and the experimental parameters, such as the exciting voltage of the SAWs, the thickness and the kinematic viscosity of the liquid layer, are obtained.  相似文献   

7.
章东  KUSHIBIKI  Junichi  邹微 《中国物理快报》2006,23(10):2807-2810
We present a theoretical model for acoustic nonlinearity measurement of dispersive specimens at high frequency. The nonlinear Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov (KZK) equation governs the nonlinear propagation in the SiO2/specimen/SiO2 multi-layer medium. The dispersion effect is considered in a special manner by introducing the frequency-dependant sound velocity in the KZK equation. Simple analytic solutions are derived by applying the superposition technique of Gaussian beams. The solutions are used to correct the diffraction and dispersion effects in the measurement of acoustic nonlinearity of cottonseed oil in the frequency range of 33-96 MHz. Re- garding two different ultrasonic devices, the accuracies of the measurements are improved to ±2.0% and ±1.3% in comparison with ±9.8% and ±2.9% obtained from the previous plane wave model.  相似文献   

8.
The experimental measurements and numerical simulations are performed to study ultrasonic nonlinear responses from the plastic deformation in weld joints. The ultrasonic nonlinear signals are measured in the plastic deformed30Cr2Ni4 Mo V specimens, and the results show that the nonlinear parameter monotonically increases with the plastic strain, and that the variation of nonlinear parameter in the weld region is maximal compared with those in the heat-affected zone and base regions. Microscopic images relating to the microstructure evolution of the weld region are studied to reveal that the change of nonlinear parameter is mainly attributed to dislocation evolutions in the process of plastic deformation loading. Meanwhile, the finite element model is developed to investigate nonlinear behaviors of ultrasonic waves propagating in a plastic deformed material based on the nonlinear stress–strain constitutive relationship in a medium. Moreover, a pinned string model is adopted to simulate dislocation evolution during plastic damages. The simulation and experimental results show that they are in good consistency with each other, and reveal a rising acoustic nonlinearity due to the variations of dislocation length and density and the resulting stress concentration.  相似文献   

9.
A.M.Salem  Rania Fathy 《中国物理 B》2012,21(5):54701-054701
The effect of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity on steady magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) heat and mass transfer flow of viscous and incompressible fluid near a stagnation point towards a permeable stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium are presented,taking into account thermal radiation and internal heat genberation/absorbtion.The stretching velocity and the ambient fluid velocity are assumed to vary linearly with the distance from the stagnation point.The Rosseland approximation is used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation.The governing fundamental equations are first transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using a scaling group of transformations and are solved numerically by using the fourth-order Rung-Kutta method with the shooting technique.A comparison with previously published work has been carried out and the results are found to be in good agreement.The results are analyzed for the effect of different physical parameters,such as the variable viscosity and thermal conductivity,the ratio of free stream velocity to stretching velocity,the magnetic field,the porosity,the radiation and suction/injection on the flow,and the heat and mass transfer characteristics.The results indicate that the inclusion of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity into the fluids of light and medium molecular weight is able to change the boundary-layer behavior for all values of the velocity ratio parameter λ except for λ = 1.In addition,the imposition of fluid suction increases both the rate of heat and mass transfer,whereas fluid injection shows the opposite effect.  相似文献   

10.
In this article, the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation point flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid over a stretching/shrinking sheet is investigated numerically. The similarity solution is used to reduce the governing system of partial differential equations to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations which are then solved numerically using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method with shooting technique. The ambient fluid velocity, stretching/shrinking velocity of sheet, and the wall temperature are assumed to vary linearly with the distance from the stagnation point. To investigate the influence of various pertinent parameters, graphical results for the local Nusselt number, the skin friction coefficient, velocity profile, and temperature profile are presented for different values of the governing parameters for three types of nanoparticles, namely copper, alumina, and titania in the water-based fluid. It is found that the dual solution exists for the decelerating flow. Numerical results show that the extent of the dual solution domain increases with the increases of velocity ratio, magnetic parameter, and permeability parameter whereas it remains constant as the value of solid volume fraction of nanoparticles changes. Also, it is found that permeability parameter has a greater effect on the flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid than the magnetic parameter.  相似文献   

11.
Lu YG  Zhang Y  Dong YW 《Ultrasonics》2006,44(Z1):e1419-e1422
Based on Jacobson's molecular free length theory in liquids and the relationship between ultrasonic velocity and the molecular free length in organic liquids, this paper deduces the equations for pressure coefficient and temperature coefficient of ultrasonic velocity and nonlinear acoustic parameter B/A in both of organic liquid and organic liquid binary mixtures. These nonlinear acoustic parameters are evaluated against the measured results and data from other sources. The equations reveal the connections between the nonlinear acoustic parameters and some internal structural of the medium or mixtures e.g. the sizes of molecule, several thermodynamic physical parameters and outside status e.g. condition of pressure and temperature of the liquid or liquid mixture. With the equations the nonlinear acoustic parameter B/A of organic liquid binary mixtures, which is impossible to know without the nonlinear acoustic parameter B/A of the tow components before, can be calculated based on the structural and physical parameters of organic liquid and organic liquid binary mixtures.  相似文献   

12.
J D Pandey  J Chhabra  R Dey  V Sanguri  R Verma 《Pramana》2000,55(3):433-439
When sound waves of high amplitude propagate, several non-linear effects occur. Ultrasonic studies in liquid mixtures provide valuable information about structure and interaction in such systems. The present investigation comprises of theoretical evaluation of the acoustic non-linearity parameter B/A of four binary liquid mixtures using Tong and Dong equation at high pressures and T=303.15 K. Thermodynamic method has also been used to calculate the non-linearity parameter after making certain approximations.  相似文献   

13.
二元有机混合液声速压力系数(C/P)T   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
卢义刚  冯金垣  董彦武  仝杰 《物理学报》1999,48(11):2087-2091
依据Jacobson液体分子自由程理论及液体声速与分子自由程关系,推导出二元有机混合液的声速压力系数表达式.由此计算出的二元有机混合液的声速压力系数值与实验值符合较好. 关键词:  相似文献   

14.
卢义刚  冯金垣  董彦武  仝杰 《物理学报》1999,48(11):2082-2086
依据Jacobson液体分子自由程理论及液体声速与分子自由程关系,推导出二元有机混合液的声速温度系数表达式.由此计算出的二元有机混合液的声速温度系数值与实验值符合较好. 关键词:  相似文献   

15.
Acoustic non-linearity parameter B/A is calculated for binary mixtures using four different methods. The interactions in the liquid mixtures are explained on the basis of excess non-linearity parameter and excess adiabatic compressibility. Sehgal's relations for calculating molecular properties of pure liquids are extended to binary mixtures.  相似文献   

16.
Sound velocity in three binary liquid mixtures benzene+cyclohexane (I), cyclohexane+carbontetrachloride (II) and benzene+carbontetrachloride (III) has been measured. Significant structure and Flory — Patterson theories have been employed to evaluate ultrasonic velocity in the systems. The values are in good agreement with the experimental ones. A comparative study of significant structure theory and Flory-Patterson Theory has been made. Both the theories give satisfactory results for the three liquid mixtures.  相似文献   

17.
Acoustic non-linearity parameter B/A is calculated for five binary liquid mixtures using Tong and Dong equation along with the Flory’s statistical theory. Similar to other excess thermodynamical quantities an excess non-linearity parameter (B/A)E is defined for binary liquid mixtures. The interactions in the liquid mixtures are explained on the basis of the excess non-linearity parameter.  相似文献   

18.
Ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity were measured in two ternary liquid systems namely,n-pentane +n-hexane + benzene(I) andn-hexane + cyclohexane + benzene(II) and one quaternary liquid system,n-pentane +n-hexane + benzene + toluene (III). The experimental as well as literature values of thermal expansion coefficient and iso-thermal compressibility of pure liquid components were utilized to deduce the ideal value of internal pressure and excess internal pressure for the above liquid systems at 298·15K using two different approaches. In the conventional approach one needs the experimental values ofα andβ T of mixtures for computing internal pressure, which was not possible. The second method which is proposed here utilizes only the density, ultrasonic velocity and viscosity data of the mixture. This method is used in computing internal pressure and its excess value for multicomponent liquid systems. A satisfactory agreement has been observed.  相似文献   

19.
20.
A nonlinear dynamic state equation of waterlike porous material that contains a system of cylindrical capillaries partially filled with viscous liquid was received. It is shown that an acoustic nonlinearity of such media contains the relaxation elastic and inelastic components due to the nonlinear dependence of the capillary and viscous pressure in fluid on the capillary diameter. For the medium, theoretical study of such nonlinear phenomena as generation of the second harmonic and a difference frequency wave, self-demodulation of high-frequency pulses as well as the change in the propagation velocity and absorption coefficient of a test wave being under an action of static loading have been carried out. The frequency dependences of medium nonlinearity parameters for these processes were determined.  相似文献   

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